Unit 8- Order among Elements

Time Frame 5 weeks

Competencies
C1. Demonstrate understanding of the properties of elements based on periodic atomic
properties.
C2. Appreciate the importance of knowing the properties of elements and how they are
used in technology.

CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ELEMENTS

Time Frame 2 sessions

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the students must be able to:
1. Use the periodic table to predict the chemical behaviour of an element; and
2. Analyse the basis of arrangement of elements in the Modern Periodic Table.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Chemical Behaviour of Elements

B. References
1.Department of Education, Culture and Sports. (1991). Science and
Technology III. Quezon City: Book Media Press, pp. 273.
2.Brown, Theodore l., LeMay, H. Eugene Jr., and Bursten, Bruse E.,
Chemistry the Central Science, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, pp. 238-253.
3.Hill John W., and Kolb, Doris K., Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th
Edition, London: Prentice Hall International, pp.57-58.

B. Materials
Pictures of elements and their reactions
Element samples, if available (Caution: Li, Na, K are extremely reactive to
water.)

III. Learning Tasks

A. Recall and Motivation
1. What is the basis of arrangement of the Periodic Table?
2. The modern periodic table 109 elements arranged into groups and periods.
a. Define period and group.
b. What is represented by the group and period number?

B. Lesson Proper
1. Activity: “ Metals, Non Metals and Metalloids”
 a. Using the periodic table the pupils constructed, identify the metals, non-
metals, and metalloids.
b. Show the pictures of the different elements.

2. Discussion / Concept Formation

a. What is the usual appearance of metals? Of non-metals? Of metalloids?
b. What kinds of compounds do metals usually form?
c. With elements of which group do metals usually pair to form compounds?

3. Activity/Discussion: “ Grouping elements”

a. Into how many groups are the elements divided? How the groups are
identified? Why are Li, Na, K, Rb, CS located in the same group? Li, is a
soft metal, would you expect that the other elements belongingto group 1
are all soft? Why?
b. Calcium belongs to group 2 and is called an alkaline earth metal. Give
other examples of alkaline earth metals?
c. Bromine is a halogen. Is iodine also halogen? Why?
d. To what group number would the noble gases be found? Why the name
noble gases? Neon does not form compounds, would you expect helium to
have the same behaviour?
e. What are the transition metals?

YOU MAY END SESSION 1 AT THIS POINT.

C. Generalization
1. Alkali Metals: Group 1 (formerly Group 1A) element like Li, Na, and K are
soft metals. They have silvery, metallic luster and exhibit high thermal and
electrical conductivities. They are the most active metals. They combine
directly with non-metals, forming hydrides, sulfides, oxides, and halides. They
react vigorously with water.

2. Alkali Earth Metals: Group 2 (Formerly Group 2 A) elements like BE, Mg,
and Ca are also solids with typical metallic properties. They are harder,
denser, and melt at higher temperatures. They rae less reactive with water.
They can also react with non-metals to form oxides, sulphides and halides.

3. Halogens: Group 17 (formerly Group 7A) elements like F, Cl, Br, and I are
typical non-metals. They react directly with most metals to form hydrides and
with hydrogen gas to form hydrogen halide compounds.

4. Noble Gases: Group 18 (formerly Group 8A) elements do not usually react to
form compounds, and are considered to be the most stable elements in the
periodic table. However, there are some fluorides formed with Xe and Kr.
D. Application/ Valuing
1. You need magnesium chloride in an experiment, only to find out that you do
not have it in the laboratory, but calcium Chloride is available. Can this
compound replace magnesium chloride? Why or why not?
2. Chlorine is used to kill microorganisms in pool water. An abrasion in the skin
can be treated with iodine also to kill microorganisms. Cl and I are in the same
family in the periodic table. Look at the periodic table. What element might be
a substitute for chlorine and iodine?

E. Agreement
Read on the distribution of electrons.