NAMA : M A Mustafa Hafizudin (0303 138 1821 004)

: M Arif Brillian Pratama (0303 138 1821 021)

KELAS : D3 2018
MATA KULIAH : Perancangan Pabrik Kimia

PERHITUNGAN EKONOMI

1. Menentukan Indeks Harga

Indeks harga merupakan ukuran perubahan harga suatu barang yang menjadi
pedoman nilai standar untuk melakukan perbandingan harga dari waktu ke waktu.
Perubahan tersebut terjadi karena adanya ketidakseimbangan fluktuasi harga
barang dan perubahan kondisi ekonomi. Perhitungan indeks harga pra rencana
pabrik pembuatan etil heksanol pada tahun 2024 menggunakan referensi data cost
indexes dari Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index (CEPCI).
Untuk menentukan biaya alat pada tahun 2024, digunakan indeks harga tahun
1990-2003 sebagai referensi.

Tabel 4.1. Indeks Harga Peralatan Tahun 1990-2003

Tahun Indeks

1990 356
1991 361.3
1992 358.2
1993 359.2
1994 368.1
1995 381.1
1996 381.7
1997 384.6
1998 389.1
1999 393.6
2000 398.2
2001 402.7
2002 407.2
 2003 411.7
Sumber: Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index

Dengan menggunakan metode regresi linier, data diatas akan menghasilkan

suatu persamaan indeks harga, yaitu :
Y = Ax + B ; B diketahui -8643.16, maka
A = 4.52
Sehingga data index harga peralatan di tahun 2019 dapat diketahui :
Y = (4.52 x 2019) - 8643.16
Y = 461.447
Dan data index harga peralatan di tahun 2024 dapat diketahui :
Y = (4.52 x 2024) - 8643.16
Y = 488.571
2. Perhitungan Harga Peralatan
Harga peralatan industri pada tahun 2024 dapat ditentukan dengan bantuan
indeks harga. Sehingga didapat persamaan sebagai berikut:

Index cost at present price

Present cost = original cost 𝗑 (Peter, hal. 164)
Index cost at original price

Daftar harga peralatan diambil dari data pada situs www.matche.com. Pada
situs tersebut, daftar harga yang diberikan adalah daftar harga pada tahun 2019.
Dengan menggunakan persamaan di atas, maka masing-masing harga peralatan
pada tahun 2024 dapat dihitung, dengan hasil perhitungan pada tabel berikut:
Tabel 4.3. Daftar Harga Peralatan Heat Exchanger & Tanks Tahun 2024
Harga Satuan Harga Satuan Harga Total
Alat Jumlah
(2019) (2024) (2024)
Reaktor 1 1 $2,193,400.00 $2,295,823.33 $2,295,823.33
Reaktor 2 1 $1,811,100.00 $1,895,671.40 $1,895,671.40
Reaktor 3 1 $1,609,100.00 $1,684,238.77 $1,684,238.77
Reaktor 4 1 $1,460,900.00 $1,529,118.40 $1,529,118.40
Distilasi 1 1 $317,900.00 $332,744.71 $332,744.71
Distilasi 2 1 $269,600.00 $282,189.28 $282,189.28
Distilasi 3 1 $231,300.00 $242,100.82 $242,100.82
Distilasi 4 1 $190,600.00 $199,500.29 $199,500.29
Distilasi 5 1 $161,700.00 $169,250.77 $169,250.77
Pompa Feed Distilasi 1 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
 Pompa Reflux Distilasi 1 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa reboiling Distilasi 1 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa Feed Distilasi 2 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Reflux Distilasi 2 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa reboiling Distilasi 2 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa Feed Distilasi 3 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Reflux Distilasi 3 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa reboiling Distilasi 3 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa Feed Distilasi 4 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Reflux Distilasi 4 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa reboiling Distilasi 4 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa Feed Distilasi 5 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Reflux Distilasi 5 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa reboiling Distilasi 5 2 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $16,328.46
Pompa Feed 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Hydroformylation
Pompa Feed Aldolasi 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Feed Hydrogenasi 4 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $47,729.34
Pompa Dermaga 2 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $23,864.67
Pompa Water 4 $13,400.00 $14,025.73 $56,102.91
Pompa Utilitas 5 $11,400.00 $11,932.34 $59,661.68
Reboiler 5 $83,900.00 $87,817.81 $439,089.03
Tank Propylene 5 $478,100.00 $500,425.43 $2,502,127.14
Tank Syn Gas 5 $478,101.00 $500,426.48 $2,502,132.38
Tank Soln 5 $121,600.00 $127,278.25 $636,391.26
Tank Product 5 $121,600.00 $127,278.25 $636,391.26
Fin fan 10 $7,800.00 $8,164.23 $81,642.30
Piping 1 $169,243.61 $177,146.63 $177,146.63
Heat Exchanger 1 $35,000.00 $36,634.37 $36,634.37
Compressor 4 $94,300.00 $98,703.45 $394,813.79
Accumulator 1 $97,700.00 $102,262.21 $102,262.21

Total Purchased Equipment Cost = $16,656,964.06

3. Perhitungan Biaya
3.1. Bahan Baku dan Katalis
1. Propylene 99.5 %
Harga = US$ 0.30/kg
Kebutuhan/tahun = 111,186,650.4 kg
Biaya/tahun = 111,186,650.4 kg 𝗑 US$ 0.35/kg
= US$ 33,355,995.12
2. Synthetic Gas
 Harga = US$ 0,2/kg
Kebutuhan/tahun = 79,418,160 kg
Biaya/tahun = 79,418,160 kg 𝗑 US$ 0,2/kg
= US$ 15,883,632.00
3. Katalis (Solution)
Harga = US$ 0.01/kg
Kebutuhan/tahun = 1,310,022,960 kg
Biaya/tahun = 1,310,022,960 kg 𝗑 US$ 0.01/kg
= US$ 13,100,229.60
4. Hydrogen (Gas)
Harga = US$ 2/m3
Kebutuhan/tahun = 14,805.6338 m3
Biaya/tahun (2018) = 14,805.6338 m3 𝗑 US$ 2/m3
= US$ 29,611.27
5. Katalis Nikel (Ni)
Harga = US$ 1/kg
Kebutuhan/tahun = 100,000 kg
Biaya/tahun = 100,000 kg 𝗑 1 US$/kg
= US$ 100,000.00

Total Biaya Bahan Baku = US$ 62,469,467.99

3.2. Perhitungan Harga Tanah

1 US$ = Rp 14,500 (tahun 2024)
Luas tanah = 200,000 m2
Harga tanah / m2 = Rp 650,000.00
Biaya penyediaan tanah = Rp130,000,000,000.00
= US$ 8,965,517.24
3.3. Perhitungan Harga Bangunan
Luas bangunan = 75,000 m2
Harga bangunan/m2 = Rp 2,000,000,00
 Biaya penyediaan bangunan = Rp 2,000,000,00 𝗑 75,000 m2
= Rp 150,000,000,000.00
= US$ 10,344,827.59

4. Operating Labour
Daftar gaji karyawan/bulan dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:
Tabel L.4.6. Daftar Gaji Karyawan/Bulan
Periode
No. Jabatan Jumlah Gaji Gaji/Kali Total gaji
(kali)
General
1 1 20 Rp25,000,000.00 Rp500,000,000.00
Manager
2 Manajer 3 20 Rp22,000,000.00 Rp1,320,000,000.00
3 Kepala Bagian 7 20 Rp18,000,000.00 Rp2,520,000,000.00
4 Kepala Seksi 14 20 Rp16,000,000.00 Rp4,480,000,000.00
5 Supervisor 15 20 Rp12,000,000.00 Rp3,600,000,000.00
6 Engineer 6 20 Rp10,000,000.00 Rp1,200,000,000.00
7 Foreman 15 20 Rp10,000,000.00 Rp3,000,000,000.00
8 Staff 20 20 Rp9,000,000.00 Rp3,600,000,000.00
9 Panel Man 15 20 Rp8,000,000.00 Rp2,400,000,000.00
10 Operator 30 20 Rp6,000,000.00 Rp3,600,000,000.00
11 Dokter 2 20 Rp8,000,000.00 Rp320,000,000.00
12 Perawat 4 20 Rp4,000,000.00 Rp320,000,000.00
13 Satpam 20 20 Rp2,500,000.00 Rp1,000,000,000.00
14 Pengemudi 4 20 Rp1,500,000.00 Rp120,000,000.00
15 Sekretaris 4 20 Rp2,500,000.00 Rp200,000,000.00
16 Tukang Kebun 6 20 Rp1,000,000.00 Rp120,000,000.00
Total 166 Rp28,300,000,000.00

Jumlah gaji karyawan = Rp 21,225,000,000.00

= US$ 1,951,724.14
 5. Perhitungan Total Capital Investment (TCI)
1. Total Direct Cost (DC)
a. Equipment, Installation dan Investment
Purchased Equipment-Delivered (PEC) = US$ 16,656,964.06
Installation, insulation and painting (48% PEC) = US$ 7,995,342.75
Instrumentation and Control (18% PEC) = US$ 2,998,253.53
Piping and installed (60% PEC) = US$ 9,994,178.44
Electrical and installed (15% PEC) = US$ 2,498,544.61
b. Building = US$ 10,344,827.59
c. Service Facilities & yard improvement = US$ 11,659,874.84
d. Land = US$ 8,965,517.24 +
Total Direct Cost (DC) = US$ 71,113,503.05

2. Indirect Cost (IDC)

a. Engineering and supervision (20% DC) = US$ 14,222,700.61
b. Contruction expense (18% DC) = US$ 12,800,430.55
Total Indirect Cost (IDC) = US$ 27,023,131.16
Total (DC + IDC) = US$ 98,136,634.21

3. Contractor’s Fee (5%(DC+IDC)) = US$ 4,906,831.71

4. Contigency (6% FCI) = US$ 5,888,198.05
5. Fixed capital Investement (FCI) = US$ 180,045,167.03
6. Working Capital (15% TCI) = US$ 31,772,676.54

Total Capital Investment (TCI):

TCI = FCI + WC = US$ 211,817,843.57
6. Perhitungan Total Production Cost (TPC)
1. Manufacturing Cost (MC)
a. Direct Production Cost
Raw material = US$ 62,469,467.99
Operating Labor (OL) = US$ 1,951,724.14
Direct supervisory and clericallabor (15% OL) = US$ 292,758.62
Utilities (15% TPC) = US$ 24,111,213.24
Maintenance & repair (6% FCI) = US$ 10,802,710.02
Operating Supplier (1% FCI) = US$ 1,800,451.67
Laboratory charge (10% OL) = US$ 29,275.86
Patent & royalties (2% TPC) = US$ 3,214,828.43 +
Total Direct Production Cost (DPC) =US$ 104,672,429.97

b. Fixed Charge
Depreciation (6% FCI) = US$ 10,802,710.02
Local taxes (2% FCI) = US$ $3,600,903.34
Insurance (1% FCI) = US$ $1,800,451.67
+
Total Fixed Charge (FC) = US$ 16,204,065.03

c. Plant Overhead Cost

POC (50% dari maintenance+OL+Supervisory) = US$ 13,488,567.39

Total Manufacturing Cost (MC) = US$ 134,365,062.39

2. General Expenses (GE)

Administrative cost (15% OL) = US$ 292,758.62
Distribution & selling price (8% TPC) = US$ 12,859,313.73
Research & Development cost (2% FCI) = US$ 3,600,903.34
Financing (5% TCI) = US$ 10,590,892.18 +
Total General Expenses = US$ 27,343,867.87
Total Production Cost (TPC):
TPC = MC + GE = US$ 161,708,930.26
7. Perhitungan Annual Cash Flow (ACF)

1. Perhitungan Produk
a. Produk Utama
Etil Heksanol 99%
Harga = US$ 2/kg
Produksi/tahun = 100,000,000 kg
Penjualan/tahun = 100,000,000 kg 𝗑 US$ 2/kg
= US$ 200,000,000.00
b. Produk Samping
I-butanal
Harga = US$ 1/kg
Produksi/tahun = 30.308.413,68 kg
Penjualan/tahun = 30.308.413,68 kg 𝗑 US$ 1,39/kg
= US$ 42.251.918,83

Total Penjualan/Tahun = US$ 220,000,000.00

Total Production Cost (TPC) = US$ 161,708,930.26
Net Profit Before Tax (NPBT) = US$ 58,291,069.74
Income Tax (30% NPBT) = US$ 17,487,320.92 _
Net Profit After Tax (NPAT) = US$ 40,803,748.82
Depresiasi (10% FCI) = US$ 18,004,516.70
Annual Cash Flow (ACF) = US$ 58,808,265.52
%ACF (ACF/TCI) = 27.76% (>10,5% bunga bank)

8. Lama Waktu Pengembalian Hutang

Umur Pabrik = 25 tahun

1. Lama Pengangsuran Hutang

TCI = US$ 211,817,843.57
ACF = US$ 58,808,265.52
Bunga (i) = 6%
(Sumber: Rilis online suku bunga acuan bank indonesia)
Pinjaman [(100%-bunga)TCI] (P) = US$ 211,817,843.57
 Lama Angsuran (n) = 6 tahun

 i  1  i n 
Angsuran (A) = P 
 1  i   1
n

= US$ 43,075,833.43
Tabel L.4.7. Angsuran pembayaran pinjaman dan bunga
Tahun Bunga
Pinjaman Total Hutang Angsuran Sisa Hutang
ke-
0 $211,817,843.57 0.00 $211,817,843.57 0.00 $211,817,843.57
1 $211,817,843.57 $12,709,070.61 $224,526,914.18 $43,075,833.43 $181,451,080.76
2 $181,451,080.76 $10,887,064.85 $192,338,145.60 $43,075,833.43 $149,262,312.17
3 $149,262,312.17 $8,955,738.73 $158,218,050.91 $43,075,833.43 $115,142,217.48
4 $115,142,217.48 $6,908,533.05 $122,050,750.53 $43,075,833.43 $78,974,917.10
5 $78,974,917.10 $4,738,495.03 $83,713,412.13 $43,075,833.43 $40,637,578.70
6 $40,637,578.70 $2,438,254.72 $43,075,833.43 $43,075,833.43 0,00
Total $46,637,156.99 $258,455,000.55

2. Pay Out Time (POT)

FCI  bunga TCI
POT =
ACF

$211,817,843.57 + $46,637,156.99
POT =
$58,808,265.52
POT = 4.39 tahun
3. Total Modal Akhir
a. Net Profit Over Total Life of Project (NPOTLP)
CCP = umur pabrik 𝗑 ACF – TCI
= (25 𝗑 US$ 58,808,265.52) – US$ 211,817,843.57
= US$ 1,258,388,794.50
CR = WC + TSV + Land
= US$ 31,772,676.54 + 0 + US$ 8,965,517.24
= US$ 40,738,193.78
NPOTLP = CCP + CR
 NPOTLP = US$ 1,299,126,988.28
b. TCI + Total Bunga = US$ 258,455,000.55
Nilai NPOTLP > (TCI + Total Bunga).

4. Total Capital Sink

TCI = US$ 211,817,843.57
TCS = umur pabrik 𝗑 ACF – total Angsuran
= (25 𝗑 US$ 58,808,265.52) – US$ 258,455,000.55
= US$ 1,211,751,637.52
TCS > TCI.

5. Laju Pengembalian Modal

Net Profit After Tax
Rate of Return (ROR) = 𝗑 100%
TCI
𝑈𝑆$ 40,803,748.82
= 𝗑 100%
𝑈𝑆$ 211,817,843.57
= 19.26%
%ROR > % bunga bank.

6. Break Even Point

Fixed Cost
BEP = 𝗑 100%
Selling Price - Variable Cost
FC + POC + GE
= 𝗑 100%
Selling Price - Variable Cost

US$ 16,204,065.03 + US$ 13,488,567.39 + US$ 27,421,268.56

= 𝗑100%
US$ 220,000,000.00 - US$ 104,836,906.44

= 49.6%