SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION ASSIGNMENT

1 With reference to protective relays define the terms (i) reach (ii) Over reach (iii) Under
reach
2 Explain attracted & induction type relay?
3 What is unbalanced loading? How negative sequence relay works.
4 What is unbalanced loading? How negative sequence relay works.

5 With proper figure derive a torque equation in case of induction disc Relay? OR
Differentiate attracted & induction type relay using proper figures and their mathematical
relations. OR
Explain attracted & induction type relay? OR
Explain the working principle of induction type electromagnetic relays.

What are the different design considerations of electromagnetic relay

6 What is the purpose of Bimetallic strip? Explain its application in power system using figures.

7 What are the desirable qualities of protective relaying?

8 What are the drawbacks of differential relay also describe the methods to overcome
them.
9 Describe the operating principle, constructional features and area of application of
reverse power or directional relay.
10 Explain static directional overcurrent & static instantaneous ac measuring relay with
proper fig & principle of operation.
11 Explain Integrating type phase comparator with proper fig & characteristics plots.

12 Explain static directional overcurrent & static instantaneous ac measuring relay with proper
fig & principle of operation. OR

Draw block diagram of static overcurrent relay with & without time delay. Also give its
principle of operation. Also show derivation for time characteristics using proper fig & timing
ckt derivation. OR Classify static Relay. Explain any one of them with proper circuit diagram
& mathematical expression.

13 Explain phase comparators with the help of proper vector diagram? OR

What is duality between amplitude and phase comparator? Define various types of amplitude
comparator using proper figure and mathematical expressions.

Explain different types of phase comparator.

Discuss how an amplitude comparator can be converted to phase comparator & vice versa

14 With proper fig explain protection of transformer against magnetizing inrush

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 current(harmonic restrain relay) & also transverse percentage differential protection
for multi-winding generators.
15 What are the various protective schemes used for generator protection? Also explain
stator fault protection of generator.
16 With diagram explain carrier current protection also explain its each component.
17 With proper fig explain protection of transformer against magnetizing inrush
current(harmonic restrain relay) & also transverse percentage differential protection for multi-
winding generators.

18 What are the various protective schemes used for generator protection? Also explain stator
fault protection of generator.

19 With diagram explain carrier current protection also explain its each component. OR

What is carrier current protection? Explain phase comparison carrier current protection using
proper figure. Also draw transmission of carrier signals during internal & external fault
conditions. OR

Explain in detail carrier current protection scheme? Describe the carrier phase comparison
relay with neat sketches.

20 What are the various types of overcurrent relays?

The current rating of an over current relay is 5 amp. PSM=1.5, TMS=0.6, C.T. ratio =
400/5, fault current is 6000 amp. Determine the operating time of the relay. Given that
at TMS=1 operating time at various PSM are as follows:

PSM 2 4 5 8 10 20

Operating Time 10 5 4 3 2.8 2.4

21
Discuss the protection of line based on unit principle. Explain the pilot wire protection
using circulating current differential relaying.
22 What type of protective devices is being used for protection of an alternator against
overheating of its (a) stator (b) rotor?
23 Explain protection of bus using proper figures. What are the different types of auto
reclosing.
24 What are the different methods of testing of circuit breakers? Explain each of them
with suitable diagram

25 Explain current chopping phenomenon. A circuit breaker interrupts the magnetising

current of a 100 MVA transformer at 220 KV. The magnetising current of the
transformer is 5% of the full load current. Determine the maximum voltage which

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 may appear across the gap of the breaker when the magnetising current is interrupted
at 53% of its peak value. The stray capacitance is 2500 µF. The inductance is 30 H.

26 Explain the construction, working of air blast & HVDC Circuit Breaker

27 In a 220 kV system, the reactance and capacitance upto the location of circuit breaker is 8 Ω and
0.025 µF, respectively. A resistance of 600 Ω is connected across the contacts of the circuit breaker.
Determine the following-
i. Natural frequency of oscillations.
ii. Damped frequency of oscillations.
iii. Critical value of resistance which will give no transient oscillations.
iv. The value of resistance which will give damped frequency of oscillation, one-
fourth of the natural frequency of oscillations.
28 What will be different rating of circuit breaker for 3-phase, 50MVA,33kV,600A,3 Sec, SF6 Gas
circuit breaker. OR
Explain the construction and working of SF6 circuit breaker and D.C. circuit breaker. OR
Discuss the operating principle of SF6 circuit breaker. what are its advantages over other types of
circuit breaker? For what range is it recommended?
29 Write short technical notes on the following

(i) Breaking capacity and making capacity of a circuit breaker

(ii) Restriking voltage and RRRV

30 Explain capacitive current interruption and short line interruption using proper circuit
diagram and mathematical expressions.
31 Explain the construction, working of air blast & HVDC Circuit Breaker
32 Write short technical notes on the following

(i) Breaking capacity and making capacity of a circuit breaker

(ii) Restriking voltage and RRRV

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