LAB MANUAL

Introduction to Information and Communication

Technologies

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 Introduction to ICT

List of Experiments
Experiment No. Description
1. An overview of Basic Machine Organization (Motherboard, Memory, I/O
Devices, Networking).
2. Introduction to System Software
 Window 7 Installation
3. Introduction of Microsoft Office 2007
 Introduction of Microsoft Word
4. Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007
 Editing Tools
 Page Layout
5. Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007
 Create Tables
 Insert Illustrations, Header & Footer and Pages
6. Learn different features of MS Word 2007
 Creating links
 Inserting Text Styles, Symbols
 Creating and start mail merging
 View Comments, Tracking, Display layouts and features
7. Introduction to MS PowerPoint 2007
8. Learn different features of Ms PowerPoint 2007
 Inserting Tables, Illustrations, Text, Media clips and Links
 Setting Slide Design
9. Introduction MS Excel 2007
10. Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 Data Types
 Table Formats
 Cell Formatting
 Editing Tools
11. Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 Inserting Pivot Table, Illustrations, Charts, Text
 Setting page layout and page formatting
12. Learn different features of Ms Excel 2007
 Sorting and Filtering on Data
 Data Tools and Outline
 Formulas and Library Functions
13. Using paste special
 Work with Paste Special
 Copy values between worksheets
 Copy formulas between worksheets
 Perform mathematical operations
14. Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 HLOOKUP and VLOOKUP
 Subtotal
15. Introduction to Web Browsing Skills
16. Introduction to E-mail Skills

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 Experiment 1
Objective:
An overview of Basic Machine Organization (Motherboard, Memory, I/O Devices) and Introduction to
Networking Devices (Switch, Router, Hub)

Apparatus:
Computer system

Theory:
This experiment tell us about the motherboard structure and its major parts.

Mother Board:

A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, planar board or logic
board, is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. It
holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU)
and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.

Fig 1 A Motherboard

Modern motherboards include:

 Sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed.

 Slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules
containing DRAM chips)

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 A chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and
peripheral buses
 Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the
system's firmware or BIOS
 A clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components
 Slots for expansion cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)
 Power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it
to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards.

Memory:

In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions)
or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or
other digital electronic device.

Fig.2 Types of Computer

I/O Devices:

In computing, input/output or I/O (or informally, io or IO) is the communication between an information
processing system (such as a computer) and the outside world, possibly a human or another information
processing system.

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Computer Network:

A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to

exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections.

What is a Network?

A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks.

Networking Devices:

Network devices are components used to connect computers or other electronic devices together so
that they can share files or resources like printers or fax machines. Devices used to setup a Local Area
Network (LAN) are the most common type of network devices used by the public. A LAN requires a hub,
router, and cabling or radio technology, network cards.

Hub

An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater or hub is a device for
connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. It has
multiple input/output (I/O) ports, in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the
output of every port except the original incoming.

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 A Hub

Network Switch:

A network switch (sometimes known as a switching hub) is a computer networking device that is used to
connect devices together on a computer network by performing a form of packet switching. A switch is
considered more advanced than a hub because a switch will only send a message to the device that
needs or requests it, rather than broadcasting the same message out of each of its ports.

A network Switch

Router:

A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

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 A Router

MAC Address:

A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for
communications on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address for
most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet.

Collision Domain:

A collision domain is a section of a network where data packets can collide with one another when being
sent on a shared medium or through repeaters, particularly when using early versions of Ethernet.

Unicast

Unicast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is sent from one point
to another point. In this case there is just one sender, and one receiver.

Broadcast

Broadcast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is sent from one
point to all other points. In this case there is just one sender, but the information is sent to all connected
receivers.

Multicast

Multicast is the term used to describe communication where a piece of information is sent from one or
more points to a set of other points. In this case there is may be one or more senders, and the
information is distributed to a set of receivers (there may be no receivers, or any other number of
receivers).

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Task:

Write the names of networking devices?

What are the basic components of modern computer?

Conclusion/Comments:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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 Experiment No.2
Objectives:
Introduction to System Software
 Window 7 Installation

Theory

System Software
“System Software is computer software designed to operate and control the computer hardware
and to provide a platform for running application Software. System software can be separated
into two different categories, operating systems and utility software.”
Operating System
Operating System is an interface between user and computer. An operating system is the most
important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and
all of its software and hardware.
Some of operating system are; UNIX, Linux, Macintosh, Solaris and Windows.

Task
Installation of window 7
Step- 1

Select CD-ROM Drive for installation of window

Step- 2

Now window is loading files from Bootable CD

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Step- 3

Select language and input method and click on Next Button

Step- 4

Click on install now button to install window

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Step- 5

Read MICROSOFT LICENSE TERMS AND CHECK BOX then click Next button

Step- 6

Select Custom (advance) installation box

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Step- 7

Select the drive for window files then click Next button

Step- 8

Now files are copying, installing feature & updates

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Step- 9

Window need to restart to continue pres any key to skipping

Step-10

Setup will continue after restating

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Step-11

Now setup is preparing for first use wait for few sec

Step-12

Now type user name and computer name then click Next

Step-13

Type password, retype password and type password hint click Next button

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Step-14

Now type window product key and click Next button

Step-15

Protect your computer by use recommended setting.

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Step-16

Select time zone and date setting then click Next button

Step-17

Select Home network for Home user

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Step-18

Now window is finalizing computer setting

Step-19

Now window is starting

Step-20

Type your window password to login machine

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Step-21

The desktop of window 7 is that window successfully install

Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.3

Objective:

Introduction to MS-Office 2007

 Introduction to MS Word 2007
Theory
MS Word 2007:

Word Processing Software Is One Of The More Widely Used Type Of Application
Software, Allow User To And Manipulate Documents Containing Mostly Text And Sometimes
Graphics Million Of People Use Word Processing Software Everyday To Develop Documents
Such As Letters, Memos Reports Mailing Labels Newsletters, And Web Pages. User Can
Change What They Have Written For Example, We Can Insert, Delete Or Rearrange Words
Sentences, Paragraphs Or Insert Digital Photos And Clip Art Special Effect Such As 3d Effect.

Home Tab in MS Word

Groups:

 Clipboard
 Paste : use to paste the content of the clipboard shortcut key (Ctrl +
V)

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  Paste special: we can paste text as formatted and unformatted and
HTML and picture format short cut key is (Alt + Ctrl + V)
 Cut : it is use to cut the selection from the document (Ctrl + X)
 Copy :it is use to copy the selection from the document (Ctrl + V)
 Format painter : copy formatting from one place and apply it to
another place (Ctrl + Shift + C)

 Font:
 Bold: it is used to make the selected text bold shortcut key (Ctrl + B)
 Italic: it is used to italicize the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl + I)
 Underline: it is used to underline the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl +
U)
 Strikethrough: it is used to draw a line through the middle of the selected
text
 Subscript: it is used to create small letters below the text baseline
shortcut key (Ctrl + =)
 Superscript: it is used to create small letters above the line of the text
shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + +)
 Change case: it is used to change all the selected text to the uppercase,
lowercase, sentence case, toggle case.
 Font: it is used to change font face shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + F)
 Font size: it is used to change the font size of the text shortcut key (Ctrl
+ Shift + P)
 Grow font: it is used to increase the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + >)
 Shrink font: it is used to decrease the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + <)
 Text highlight color: it is used to make the text look like it was marked
by a highlighter pen
 Font color: it is used to change the text color
 Clear formatting: it is used to clear all the formatting from the selection
leaving only the plain text

Tasks

1. Create a new document and save it.

i. To create a New Document run MS Word 2007

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ii. Select Blank Document. Click on Create Button.

iii. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Save button.

OR

iv. Click the Microsoft Office Button.

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 v. Click Save As, the Save As dialog box will appear.

vi. In the File Name field, type the name of the document.
vii. Click Save.

2. Write any 4 paragraph containing 3 lines in each paragraph and it contain Bolt, Italic, and underline word in each
paragraph”. Perform text formatting on these lines.
For Example:

On the Insert tab, Bold the galleries include items that are designed to coordinate with
the overall look of your document. You can use these galleries to insert italic tables,
headers, footers, lists, cover pages, and other document building underline blocks.
When you create pictures, charts, or diagrams, they also

You can easily change the formatting Bold of selected text in the document text by
choosing a look for the selected text from the italic Quick Styles gallery on the Home
tab. You can also format underline text directly by using the other controls on the Home
tab. Most controls offer a choice of using the look from

To change the overall Bold look of your document, choose new Theme elements on the
Page Layout tab. To change the looks available in the Quick Style gallery, use the italic
Change Current Quick Style Set command. Both the Themes gallery underline and the
Quick Styles gallery provide reset commands so that

Gallery, use the Change Bold Current Quick Style Set commands. Both the Themes
Italic and the quick Styles gallery provide reset commands so that underline can
always restore the look of your document to the original contained in your current
template. Most controls offer a choice of using the look.

Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.4
Objective
Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007
 Editing Tools
 Page Layout
Theory

Editing Tools:

1. Find :
Find Button is used to find any word in the document. Short cut key for Find is (Ctrl+F).

2. Replace :
Replace button is used to replace any word in the document. Short cut for replace word is
(Ctrl+F).

3. Select :
Select text or object in the document. Use select object to allow you to select objects that have
been positioned behind the text.

Page Layout:

1. Margins:
Margins are used to select the margin size for the entire document or the current section.

2. Size:
Size is used to apply a specific paper size to all sections in the document, click more paper size.

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 3. Water Mark:
Insert ghosted text behind the content on the page. This is often used to indicate that a document
is to be treated specially, such as Confidential or Urgent.

4. Page Border:
Page border is used to add or change the border around the page.

Tasks
1. Write the following paragraphs and perform some formatting operation on it.
The Fairy Tales we deserve The Disney Stories that enchant us today are drawn
from ancient, worldwide folk tradition. Some folklorists believe that "Cinderella" in its most
basic form--neglected youngest child is tested, found worthy, rewarded with mate--dates back to
the Old Stone Age.
Cinderella
Folk versions of "Cinderella" were related in hundreds of societies. In these stories,
the "test" for the unfortunate child is different. Our familiar Cinderella is beautiful and has tiny
feet. By contrast, the Japanese Cinderella gets her Prince by writing a prize-winning poem. Other
fairytales include .
 Little Red Riding Hood
 Three Little Pigs
 Beauty and the Beast
Operations to be performed
1) Save your work as “Fairytales” on my Desktop.
2) Run the spell checker.
3) Bold and underline “ The Fairy Tales we deserve”
4) Change the line spacing of the paragraphs to 1.5.
5) Apply a hanging indentation to the second paragraph starting “Folk versions…”
6) Replace the word “beautiful” with magnificent.
7) Apply the style Heading 1 to “Cinderella”
8) Apply a 6pt width page border to the document.
9) Set Narrow Page Margin.

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 10) Select A4 page Size.
11) Change the bullets points to a numbered list.

Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.5
Objectives:

Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007

 Create Tables
 Insert Illustrations, Header & Footer and Pages

Theory
Insert tab:

The insert tab's name fits its function well. Anything you think you might want to add to a word
document you use the insert tab to insert the extra features into your document. This tab has a lot
of useful features that will let you insert things like pictures, clip art images, shapes, SmartArt
graphics, charts and a host of other items.

Icons Description

Pages
Insert a fully formatted Cover Page. You fill in the Title, Author, Date,
and other info.
Insert a new Blank Page at the cursor position.
Insert Page Break. Short cut key for Page Break is (Ctrl+Return).
Tables
Insert or draw a Table into the document. In Word we can also convert
existing text into a table.

Illustration
Insert a Picture from file.

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 Insert Microsoft Clip Art into the document, including drawings, movies,
sounds, or stock photography to illustrate a specific concept.

Insert ready-made shapes, such as rectangles and circles, arrows, and lines
etc.
Insert a Smart Art Graphic to visually communicate information. Smart
Art graphic range from graphical lists and process diagrams to more
complex graphics. Such as Venn Diagrams and Organization Charts.
Insert a Chart to illustrate and compare data. Bar, Pie, Line, Area, and
Surface are some of the available types.
Header and Footer
Insert or edit a Header.
Insert or edit Footer.
Insert a Page Number.

Tasks
1. Create the following table

PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MS WORD MS EXCEL

THEORY PRACTICAL THEORY PRACTICAL

66 88 99 87

I. Change the table background color

II. Change the table border color, border style
III. Change the table style
IV. Change columns height and rows width
V. Insert Clipart with caption in any column
VI. Autofit table

2. Create the following organizational chart

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 I. The orientation of the document will be LANDSCAPE
II. All boxes will be appeared with shadow

3. Make a 10 pages document using Rand( ) function and apply the following
options.
a) Make a cover page
b) The header of Pages 1,2,3,4  Institute of Business Management
c) The footer of pages 1,2,3,4  1, 2, 3, 4
d) The header of pages 5,6  College of Business Management
e) The footer of pages 5,6  I, II
f) The header of last 4 pages  College of Computer Science
g) The footer of last 4 pages  a, b, c, d
h) The footer on cover page is not required

Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.6
Objectives:
Learn different features of MS Word 2007
 Creating links
 Inserting Text Styles, Symbols
 Creating and start mail merging
 View Comments, Tracking, Display layouts and features
Theory

Creating Links

Hyperlink: Create a link to a web page, a picture, an e-mail address, or a program. Short
cut key is (Ctrl+K).
Bookmark: Create a bookmark to assign a name to a specific point in a document. We
can make hyperlinks that jump directly to a bookmarked location.
Cross Reference: Refer to item such as headings, figures, and tables by inserting a cross
reference such as, “See table 6 below” or “turn to page 8.” Cross reference is
automatically updated if the content is moved to another location. By default, cross
reference is inserted as hyperlinks.

Inserting Text with Styles

Text Box: Text box is used to preformatted text boxes.

Word Art: Word Art is used to insert a decorative text in our document.
Drop Cap: Create a large capital letter at the beginning of a paragraph.
Signature Line: Insert a signature line that specifies the individual who must sign.
Inserting a digital signature requires you to obtain a digital ID, such as one from a
certified Microsoft Partner.
Date & Time: Insert the current date and time into the current document.
Insert Object: Insert an embedded object.

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Inserting Symbols and Equations

Equations: Insert common mathematical equations or build up you own equations using
a library of math symbols.
Symbols: Insert symbols that are not on your keyboard, such as copyright symbol,
trademark symbols, paragraph marks, and Unicode characters.

Mailings Features

Start Mail Merge: Start a mail merge to create a form letter which you intend to print or
e-mail multiple items, sending each copy to a different recipient. We can insert field,
such as Name or Address, which Word will replace automatically with information from
a database or contact list for each copy of the form letter.
Select Recipients: Choose the list of people you intend to send the letter to. We can type
our own list, use your Outlook contacts, or connect to a database.
Edit Recipient List: Make changes to the list of recipients and decide which of them
should receive your letter. We can also sort, filter, find and remove duplicates, or validate
addresses from the list.

Review Features

Spelling & Grammar: Check the Spellings& Grammar of text in the document. Short
cut Key is (F7).
Research: Open the Research task Pane to search through reference materials, such as
dictionaries, encyclopedias, and translation services. Shortcut key is (Alt+Click)
Thesaurus: Suggest other word with a similar meaning to the word you have selected.
Short cut key is (Shift+F7)
Translate: Translate the selected text into different languages.
Set Language: Set the language used to check the spelling & grammar of the selected
text.

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 Word Count: Find out the words, characters, paragraphs, and lines in the documents.
We can also find the word count in the status bar at the bottom of the window.
 Comments:
New Comment: Add Comment about the selection.
Delete Comment: Click here to delete all of the comment in the document or just the
ones that are shown on the screen.
Previous Comment: Navigate to Previous comment in the document.
Next Comment: Navigate to the next comment in the document.

 Tracking:
Track Changes: Track all changes made to the document, including insertion, deletion,
and formatting changes. Short cut key is (Ctrl+Shift+E)
Balloons: Choose how to show revisions to the document. We can show revisions as
balloons in the margins of the document or show them directly within the document.
Display of Review: Choose how to review to view the proposed changes to the
document. Final shows the document with all proposed changes included; Original shows
the document before any changes were made. The Markup shows what changes have
been purposed.
Show Markup: Choose what kind of markup to show in the document. We can hide or
show comments insertion and deletions, formatting changes, and other kinds of markup.
Review Pane: Show Revisions in different pane.
 Compare:
Compare: Compare or combine multiple versions of documents.
Show Source Documents: Choose which Source documents to show. We can show the
original document, the revised document or both.

View Features

 Documents Views:
Print Layout: View the document as it will appear on the printed page.
Full Screen Reading: View the document in full screen Reading View in order to
maximize the space available for reading or commenting on the document.
Web Layout: View the document as it would looks as a web page.
Outline View: View the document as an outline and show the outlining tools.
Draft View: View the document as a draft to quickly edit the text. Certain elements of
the document such as headers & footers will not be visible in this view.
 Show/Hide:
View Ruler: View the rulers, used to measure and line up objects in the document.
Gridlines: Turn on Gridlines to which you can align objects in the document.
Message Bar: Open the Message Bar to complete any required actions on the document.
Document Map: Open the Document Map, which allow you to navigate through a
structural view of the document.

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 Thumbnails: Open the Thumbnails Pane, which you can use to navigate along document
through small pictures of each page.
 Zoom:
Zoom: Open the zoom dialog box to specify the zoom level of the document. In most
cases, we can also use the zoom controls in the status bar at the bottom of the window to
quickly zoom the document.
One Page: Zoom the document so that an entire page fits in the window.
Two Pages: Zoom the documents so that two pages fit in the window.
Page Width: Zoom the document so that the width of the page matches the width of the
window.
 Window:
New Window: Open a new window containing a view of the current document.
Arrange All: Tile all open program windows side-by-side on the screen.
Split: Split the current window into two parts so that you can view different sections of
the document at the same time.
Switch Windows: Switch to a different currently open window.
 Macros:
Macros: View the list of macros, from which we can run, create, or delete a Macro. Short
cut key is (Alt+F8)

Tasks
1. Make a document using Rand( ) and apply the following options.
i. There will be 9 paragraphs in the document with 20 sentences each.
The paragraphs headings will be as follows.

a) Software Heading Level 1

b) Application Software Heading Level 2
c) System Software Heading Level 2
d) Operating System Heading Level 3
e) Utility Programs Heading Level 3
f) Hardware Heading Level 1
g) Input Devices Heading Level 2
h) Output Devices Heading Level 2
i) Storage Devices Heading Level 2
ii. Create Table of Contents
iii. Create Index

2. Write a letter and apply mail merge option.

a) Create Data File named “I O B M”

b) Insert 2 records.
c) Merge data into your main document.

Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.7
Objective

Introduction to MS PowerPoint 2007

Theory
Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program currently developed by Microsoft.
And PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part of the Microsoft
Office suite. PowerPoint is useful for helping develop the slide-based presentation format,
Creating and inserting new slides Editing existing slides and Reordering existing slides currently
one of the most commonly-used presentation programs available Slides can contain: Text,
Tables, Bulleted, numbered, lists, Graphics, Audio, Video and Many other types of content.

Clipboard

Paste: use to paste the content of the clipboard shortcut key (Ctrl + V)
Paste special: we can paste text as formatted and unformatted and HTML and picture
format short cut key is (Alt + Ctrl + V)
Cut: it is use to cut the selection from the document (Ctrl + X)
Copy: it is use to copy the selection from the document (Ctrl + V)
Format painter: copy formatting from one place and apply it to another place (Ctrl +
Shift + C)

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Slides
New slide: it is containing built in office theme and we can also use this option
“duplicate selected slide”
Layout: it is also containing built in office theme.
Reset: it is used to reset the position, size, and formatting of the slide placeholders to
their default setting.
Delete slide: to remove this slide from the presentation.
Font
Bold: it is used to make the selected text bold shortcut key (Ctrl + B)
Italic: it is used to italicize the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl + i)
Underline: it is used to underline the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl + U)
Strikethrough: it is used to draw a line through the middle of the selected text.
Text shadow: add a shadow behind the selected text to help it stand out on the slide.
Character spacing: adjust the spacing between the characters.
Change case: it is used to change all the selected text to the uppercase, lowercase,
sentence case, toggle case.
Font: it is used to change font face shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + F).
Font size: it is used to change the font size of the text shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + P)

Increase font size: it is used to increase the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + shift + >)
Decrees font size: it is used to decrease the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + shift + <)
Font color: it is used to change the text color.
Clear formatting: it is used to clear all the formatting from the selection leaving only the
plain text.
Paragraph
Left alignment: it is used to align the text to the left (Ctrl + L)
Centre alignment: it is used to align the text to the centre (Ctrl + E)
Right alignment: it is used to align the text to the right (Ctrl + R)
Justify: it is used to align the text to the Bothe left and right margins, adding extra space
between words as necessary (Ctrl + J)
Column: split text into one, two and three column or more columns.
Bullets: Make a list with just one level, or make a multilevel list to show lists within a
list there are different bullet library.
Numbering: it is including different numbering library and we can also define number
bullet format.

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 Decrease list level: decrease the indent level.
Increase list level: Increase the indent level.
Line spacing: pacify the line spacing to use.
Text direction: change the orientation of text to vertical, stacked, or rotate it to the desire
direction.
Align Text: change how text is aligned within the text box (Top, Middle, and Bottom).
Smart Art: insert smart art graphic to visually communicate information smart art
graphic range from graphical list and process diagram to more complex graphic such as
Venn diagrams and organization chart.

Drawing
Shapes: insert ready-made shapes, such as rectangles and circles, arrow, lines, flowchart
symbols and callouts.
Arrange: arrange objects on the slide by change their order, position and rotation.
Quick style: it is used to choose a visual style for the shape or line.
Shape fill: fill the selected shape with a solid color, gradian, picture, or texture.

Shapes outline: specify the color, width and life style for the outline of the selected
shape.
Shapes effect: apply a visual effect to the selected shape such as shadow, glow,
reflection or 3-D rotation.
Editing
Find: it is used to find the text in the document. (Ctrl + f)
Go to: it is used to navigate to a specific place in the document. (Ctrl + g)
Replace: it is used to replace the text in the document. (Ctrl + h)
Select: this option include sub 3 options that are select all, select object and select text
with similar formatting it is used to select all text and object and with same formatting.

Tasks
“Create six slides in which write Student Roll no, Name, Department, Session and Details of
Subjects using Some Shapes, Smart art, formatting on text, flow chart and alignment of text etc.

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 Experiment No.8
Objective
Learn different features of Ms PowerPoint 2007
 Inserting Tables, Illustrations, Text, Media clips and Links
 Setting Slide Design

Theory
Inserting Tables, Illustrations, Text, Media clips and Links
 Tables
 Insert table
To insert the table set Number of rows and column
 Draw table
It is used to draw table manually when click on it cursor make pencil to draw a table.
 Excel spreadsheet
It is used to get excel interface in word to perform some calculation
 Illustrations
 Picture
It is used to insert a picture from computer when we click on it a dialog box appear then
select a picture to insert.
 ClipArt
it is used to insert clip art when we click on it a new window appear on right side in
search box type name of clip art and select art to insert
 Shapes
There are different type of shapes such as lines, basic shapes, Block Arrows, Flowchart,
callouts, stars and banners.
 Smart Art
Insert smart art graphic to visually communicate information smart art graphic range
from graphical list and process diagram to more complex graphic such as Venn diagrams
and organization chart.
 Chart
Insert a chart to illustrate and compare data types of chart are Bar, Pie, line, area and
surface.

36
 Links
 Hyperlink
Create a link to a webpage a picture and an email address and any programmed.

 Action
Add an action to selected object to specify what should happen when you click on it or
hover over it with your mouse
 Text
 Text Box
It is used to insert the built-in text box.

 Header & Footer

Header is used to show any text at the top of every page we can format text in header and
insert page number etc and Footer is used to show any text at the bottom of every page
we can also format text in header and insert page number, clip art and picture etc.
 WordArt
It is used to insert decorative text in our document.
 Date & Time
It is used to insert current date and time into the current document according to pc time.

 Slide Number
It is used to insert the slide number the slide number reflect the position of the slide
within the presentation.

 Symbol
It is used to insert symbols that are not our keyboard such as copyright symbol, trademark
symbols, paragraph marks, and Unicode character.

 Object
It is used to insert an embedded object such as text from file or PDF document.
 Media clips

 Movie
It is used to insert a movie into the presentation from file or clip organizer

37
  Sound
It is used to insert a sound clip or music into the slide from file, clip organizer, CD or
record from microphone.
Setting Slide Design

 Page Setup

 Page Setup
It is used to set slide size, width, height, number slide from and orientation.

 Slide Orientation
It is used to set slide orientation to portrait and landscape.
 Themes
 Colours
Change the colors for the current theme.

 Fonts
It is used to change the font for current theme it uses built in font.

 Effects
It is used to change the effect for current theme it uses built in effect.
 Background
 Background Style
Choose the background style for this theme and also formatted it.

 Hide Background Graphics

Don’t show the background graphic include in the selected theme
Slide Animations
 Preview

 Preview
Preview the animations and slide transition which have created for this slide

38
  Animations
 Animate
Choose an animation to apply to object in the slide

 Custom Animation
Open the custom animation task pane so that you can animate individual object on the
slide
 Transition To This Slide
 Transition sound
Select sound to play during the transition between the previous slide and the current slide

 Transition speed
Choose how fast to animate the transition between the previous slide and the current slide
 Apply to all
Set the transition between all slides in the presentation to be like the transition you have
setup for the current slide.
 On Mouse Click
Wait until a mouse click to move to the next slide

 Automatically After
Move to the next slide after a certain number of seconds.

Tasks
1. Create six slides in which we insert SmartArt, Movie, some clip art, table, and pie chart
and know how to design a slide and add music, time, transition, effect formatting on text
alignment of text etc.

Conclusion/Comments:

39
 Experiment No.9

Objective
Introduction to MS Excel 2007

Theory
Microsoft Excel 2007
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS. It features
calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for
Applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5
in 1993, and it has replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part
of Microsoft Office.

40
Introduction Home Tab

Clipboard

Paste: use to paste the content of the clipboard shortcut key (Ctrl + V)
Paste special: we can paste text as formatted and unformatted and HTML and picture
format short cut key is (Alt + Ctrl + V)
Cut: it is use to cut the selection from the document (Ctrl + X)
Copy: it is use to copy the selection from the document (Ctrl + V)
Format painter: copy formatting from one place and apply it to another place (Ctrl +
Shift + C)
Font

Bold: it is used to make the selected text bold shortcut key (Ctrl + B)
Italic: it is used to italicize the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl + i)
Underline: it is used to underline the selected text shortcut key (Ctrl + U)
Font: it is used to change font face shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + F).
Font size: it is used to change the font size of the text shortcut key (Ctrl + Shift + P)
Increase font size: it is used to increase the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + shift + >)
Decrees font size: it is used to decrease the font size shortcut key (Ctrl + shift + <)
Font color: it is used to change the text color.
Bottom Borders: Apply the border to the currently selected cells.
Alignment

Left alignment: it is used to align the text to the left (Ctrl + L)

Centre alignment: it is used to align the text to the centre (Ctrl + E)
Right alignment: it is used to align the text to the right (Ctrl + R)
Justify: it is used to align the text to the Bothe left and right margins, adding extra space
between words as necessary (Ctrl + J)
Decrease indent: decrease the margin between the border and the text in the cell.
(Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Tab)
Increase indent: increase the margin between the border and the text in the cell.
(Ctrl+Alt+Tab)
Top Align: Align text to the top of the cell
Middle Align: align text so that it is cantered between the top and bottom of the cell.

41
 Bottom Align: align text to the bottom of the cell.
Orientation: rotate text to a diagonal angle or vertical orientation and clockwise,
vertical, rotate text Up and down.
Wrap text: make all content visible within a cell by displaying it on multiple lines
Merge & centre: join the selected cell into one larger cell and cantered the content in the
new cell.

Tasks

1. Open a blank workbook

2. Write the following entries into the specified cells:
C2 : Annual Fruit Sales
B3 : 1999 A4 : Apple F3 : Total
C3 : 2000 A5 : Orange G3 : Average
D3 : 2001 A6 : Banana
E3 : 2002
B4 : 1000 B5 : 2300 B6 : 500
C4 : 1250 C5 : 2500 C6 : 300
D4 : 800 D5 : 1200 D6 : 600
E4 : 1300 E5 : 1450 E6 : 250
3. Merge the cells from A2 to G2. Apply the following changes to the title line:
Change the horizontal and vertical text alignments as center.
Change the row height of row 2 as 25.
Change the font, font size, font style and font color as Tahoma, 18, bold, blue.

Conclusion/Comments:

42
 Experiment No.10
Objective:
Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 Data Types
 Table Formats
 Cell Formatting
 Editing Tools
Theory

Home Tab

Data Types

Format Description
General This is the default number format that Excel applies when you type a number.
For the most part, numbers that are formatted with the General format are
displayed just the way you type them. However, if the cell is not wide enough
to show the entire number, the General format rounds the numbers with
decimals. The General number format also uses scientific (exponential)
notation for large numbers (12 or more digits).
Number This format is used for the general display of numbers. You can specify the
number of decimal places that you want to use, whether you want to use a
thousands separator, and how you want to display negative numbers.
Currency This format is used for general monetary values and displays the default
currency symbol with numbers. You can specify the number of decimal places
that you want to use, whether you want to use a thousands separator, and how
you want to display negative numbers.
Accounting This format is also used for monetary values, but it aligns the currency symbols
and decimal points of numbers in a column.
Date This format displays date and time serial numbers as date values, according to
the type and locale (location) that you specify. Date formats that begin with an
asterisk (*) respond to changes in regional date and time settings that are
specified in Windows Control Panel. Formats without an asterisk are not
affected by Control Panel settings.
Time This format displays date and time serial numbers as time values, according to
the type and locale (location) that you specify. Time formats that begin with an

43
 asterisk (*) respond to changes in regional date and time settings that are
specified in Windows Control Panel. Formats without an asterisk are not
affected by Control Panel settings.
Percentage This format multiplies the cell value by 100 and displays the result with a
percent symbol. You can specify the number of decimal places that you want to
use.
Fraction This format display a number as a fraction, according to the type of fraction
that you specify.

Text This format treats the content of a cell as text and displays the content exactly
as you type it, even when numbers are typed.
Special This format displays a number as a postal code (ZIP Code), phone number, or
Social Security number.
Custom This format allows you to modify a copy of an existing number format code.
This creates a custom number format that is added to the list of number format
codes. You can add between 200 and 250 custom number formats, depending
on the language version of Excel that you have installed.

Styles
Format all cells by using a two-color scale

Color scales are visual guides that help you understand data distribution and variation. A two-
color scale helps you compare a range of cells by using a gradation of two colors. The shade of
the color represents higher or lower values. For example, in a green and red color scale, you can
specify higher value cells have a more green color and lower value cells have a more red color.

Quick formatting

1. Select a range of cells, or make sure that the active cell is in a table or PivotTable report.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click the arrow next to Conditional Formatting,
and then click Color Scales.

3. Select a two-color scale.

Hover over the color scale icons to see which one is a two-color scale. The top color
represents higher values and the bottom color represents lower values.

44
 Format as a Table

1. On the worksheet, select a range of cells that you want to quickly format as a table.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Format as Table.

3. Under Light, Medium, or Dark, click the table style that you want to use.

Custom table styles are available under Custom after you create one or more of them.
For information on how to create a custom table style, see Create or delete a custom table
style.

Apply a table style to an existing table

1. On the worksheet, select the table to which you want to apply a table style.

This displays the Table Tools, adding a Design tab.

2. On the Design tab, in the Table Styles group, do one of the following:
 Click the table style that you want to use.
Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the available table styles.
 Click the More button , and then under Light, Medium, or Dark, click the table
style that you want to use.

When the Excel window is reduced in size, table styles will be available in the
Table Quick Styles gallery in the Table Styles group.
Custom table styles are available under Custom after you create one or more of
them. For information on how to create a custom table style, see Create or delete a
custom table style.

Apply a cell style

1. Select the cells that you want to format.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Cell Styles.

45
3. Click the cell style that you want to apply.

Cells Tab:-

Insert rows on a worksheet

1. Do one of the following:

 To insert a single row, select the row or a cell in the row above which you want to
insert the new row. For example, to insert a new row above row 5, click a cell in
row 5.

 To insert multiple rows, select the rows above which you want to insert rows. Select
the same number of rows as you want to insert. For example, to insert three new
rows, you need to select three rows.

 To insert nonadjacent rows, hold down CTRL while you select nonadjacent rows.

2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the arrow next to Insert, and then click
Insert Sheet Rows.

Insert columns on a worksheet

1. Do one of the following:

 To insert a single column, select the column or a cell in the column immediately to
the right of where you want to insert the new column. For example, to insert a new
column to the left of column B, click a cell in column B.

 To insert multiple columns, select the columns immediately to the right of where
you want to insert columns. Select the same number of columns as you want to
insert. For example, to insert three new columns, you need to select three columns.

46
  To insert nonadjacent columns, hold down CTRL while you select nonadjacent
columns.

How to select cells, ranges, rows, or columns

2. On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the arrow next to Insert, and then click
Insert Sheet Columns.

You can also right-click the selected cells and then click Insert on the shortcut menu.

Editing Tools

1. Select a column of alphanumeric data in a range of cells, or make sure that the active cell
is in a table column containing alphanumeric data.
2. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, and then click Sort & Filter.
3. Do one of the following:
 To sort in ascending alphanumeric order, click Sort A to Z.
 To sort in descending alphanumeric order, click Sort Z to A.
4. Optionally, you can do a case-sensitive sort.

Ways to perform Sorting

1. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Sort & Filter, and then click Custom
Sort.
2. In the Sort dialog box, click Options.
3. In the Sort Options dialog box, select Case sensitive.
4. Click OK twice.

Tasks
1. Insert a table which contains Sr.no, Name, Fee amount deposited, Date of form
submission , FSc. Marks in percentage( %), department name of ten students.
2. Create a table and writing in it according to given instructions.

47
 PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEING AND TECHNOLOGY

i. Create a blank workbook in MS Excel 2007 and save it.

ii. Create a table with 7 rows and 9 columns in the cell range A3:I9. Which have bold and
center the heading of each column.
iii. Insert a title "Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology" and a sub title "Mark
sheet for A/L Biology - Class A", by centering it with the table, making the text bold, and
changing the font size 16 for main title and 14 for subtitle.
iv. Enter the data given under the columns, "Index No", "Name", "Physics", "Chemistry",
"Biology", and "English".
v. Perform Sorting according to name of student
vi. Then sort this data according to English marks

Conclusion/Comments:

48
 Experiment No.11
Objective
Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 Inserting Pivot Table, Illustrations, Charts, Text
 Setting page layout and page formatting

Theory

Insert Tab

Tables

 PivotTable: Summarize data using Pivot Table. PivotTable make it easy to

arrange and summarized complicated data and drill down on details.
 Table: Create a table to manage and analyze arrange data. Tables make it easy to
sort, filter and format data within a sheet.

Illustrations

 Picture: Insert a Picture from file.

 Clip Art: Insert Microsoft Clip Art into the document, including drawings, movies,
sounds, or stock photography to illustrate a specific concept.
 Smart Art: Insert a Smart Art Graphic to visually communicate information. Smart
Art graphic range from graphical lists and process diagrams to more complex
graphics. Such as Venn Diagrams and Organization Charts.
 Shapes: Insert ready-made shapes, such as rectangles and circles, arrows, and lines
etc.
Charts
 Column: Insert a column chart. Column chart is used to compare values across
categories.
 Line: Lines chart is used to display trends over time.
 Pie: Pie chart displays the contribution of each value to a total. Use it when values
can be added together or when you have only one data series and all values are
positive.
 Bar: Bar charts are best chart type for comparing multiple values.
 Area: Area chart emphasize differences between several sets of data over a period
of a time.
 Scatter: This type of chart compares pairs of values. Use it when the values being
charted are not in X-axis or order when they represent separate measurements.

49
  Other Charts: A stock, surface, doughnut, bubble or radar chart.

Text
 Text Box: Insert a text box that can be positioned anywhere on the page.
 Header & Footer: The information in the header or footer will appear at the top or
bottom of each printed page.
 Word Art: Word art is used to insert decorative text into your document.
 Signature Line: Inserting a digital signature requires that you obtain a digital ID,
such as one from certified Microsoft partner.
 Symbol: Insert characters that are not on your keyboard, such as copyright
symbols, trademarks symbols, and Unicode characters.

Page Layout Tab

Themes
 Themes: Change the overall design of the entire document, including colors,
fonts and effects.
 Colors: Change the color of the current theme.
 Fonts: Change the fonts of the current theme.
 Effects: Change the effect for the current theme.
Page Setup
 Margins: Select the margin sizes for the entire document or the current selection.
 Orientation: Switch the pages between Landscape & Portrait layout.
 Size: Choose a paper size for the current section. To apply a specific paper size to
all sections in the document.
 Print Area: Make a specific area of the sheet for printing.
 Breaks: Specify where a new page will begin in the printed copy. Page breaks are
inserted above and to the left of the selection.
 Background: Choose an image to display as the background of the sheet.
 Print Titles: Specify rows and columns to repeat on each printed page.
Scale to Fit
 Width: Shrink the width of the printed output to fit a maximum number of pages.
 Height: Shrink the height of the printed output to fit a maximum number of
pages.
 Scale: Stretch or shrink the printed output to a percentage of its actual size. The
maximum width and height must be set to “Automatic” to use this feature.

Sheet Options
 Gridlines: Show the lines between rows and columns in the sheet to make editing
and reading easier.
 These lines will not print unless Print is also checked.

50
  Headings: Show row and columns headings. Row heading are the row numbers
to the side of the sheet. Columns heading are the letters or numbers that appears
above the columns on the sheet.

Tasks
1. Create a Pivot Table of the given data and Score Analyzer Graph of Cricket Teams

Score Analyzer Graph of Cricket

Team:

Pivot Table Of the given Data:

2. Insert the following table and create a Pie chart.

Conclusion/Comments:

51
 Experiment No.12
Objective
Learn different features of Ms Excel 2007
 Sorting and Filtering on Data
 Data Tools and Outline
 Formulas and Library Functions
Theory

Data Tab

Get External Data:

 From Access: Import data from Microsoft access database.
 From Web: Import data from web page.
 From Text: Import data from a text file.
 From other Sources: Import data from other sources like (SQL server, XML data
import, Microsoft query).
 Existing Connections: Connect to an external data source by selecting from a list of
commonly used source.
 Connections:
 Refresh all: Update all the information in the workbook that is coming from a data
source. (Ctrl+Alt+F5).
 Connections: Display all the data connection for the workbook.
 Properties: Specify how sell connected to a data source will update and what content
from the source will be displayed.
 Edit links: View all of the others file this spread sheet is linked to so that you can update
or remove the link.
Sorts & Filter
 Sort A to Z: Sort the selection so that the lowest values are at the top of column.
 Sort Z to A: Sort the selection so that the highest values are at the top of column.
 Filter: Enable filtering of the selected cell once filtering is turn on click arrow in column
header to choose filter.
 Clear: Clear the filter and sort state for the current range of data.
 Reapply: Reapply the filter and sort in the current range modified data in the column
won’t be filter until reapply.
 Advance: Specify complex criteria to limit which record are include in the result set of a
query.
Data Tools
 Text to Columns: Separate the contents of one excel cell into separate columns.

52
  Remove Duplicates: Delete duplicate rows from a sheet we can specify which columns
should be checked for duplicate information
 Data Validation: Prevent invalid data from being entered into cell for example we can
reject invalid numbers greater than 1000.
 Consolidate: Combine values from multiple ranges into one new range.
 What-if-Analysis: Try out various values for the formulas in the sheet data table allow
you to see the result of much different possible input at the same time.
Outlines
 Group: Tie a range of cells together so that they can be collapsed or expanded.
 Ungroup: Ungroup a range of cells that were previously grouped (Shift+Alt+Left).
 Subtotal: Total several rows of related data together by automatically inserting subtotal
and total for the selected cells.

Formulas and Library Functions

This section gives access to the large number of predefined Excel functions. There are Auto
Sum functions, financial, logical, text, date and time, lookup and reference, math and trig,
and additional functions. It also provides a section for recently used functions so we can get
back to the ones that you use the most quickly.

Function Library
Insert Function: Edit the formula in the current cell by choosing function and editing the
arguments.
Auto Sum: Display the sum of the selected cells directly after the selected cells. (Alt+=).

1) Sum:
2) Average:
3) Count numbers:
4) Max:
5) Min :

Recently Used:
1) IF
2) HYPERLINK:
3) SIN
4) SUMIF
5) STDEV
Financial:
1) DB:
2) DDB:

53
 3) IRR:
Text:
1) CHAR:
2) CLEAN:
3) LEFT:
4) RIGHT:
5) UPPER:
6) LOWER:
7) MID:
Date & time:
1) DATE:
2) MONTH:
3) TODAY:
4) YEAR:
Math & Trig:
1) ABS:
2) COS:
3) EVEN:
4) SIN:
5) SQRT:
6) TAN:
7) EXP:
8) LN:
9) LOG:
10) MOD:

Defined Names
 Name Manager: Create, edit delete, and find all the names used in the workbook names
can be used in formulas.
 Define Name: Name cells so that you can refer to them in formulas by that name like
you might name the cells A30 to A40 “Expenses”.
 Use in Formula: Choose a name used in this workbook and insert it into the current
formula.
 Create From Selection: Automatically generate names from the selected cells.
(Ctrl+Shift+f3).

54
 Formulas of MS EXCEL:

Function Example Description

SUM =SUM(A1:A10) Finds the sum of cells A1 through A10..
Average =Average(B1:B10) Finds the average of the cells B1 through B10.
MAX =MAX(C1:C10) Returns the highest number from cells C1 through
C10.
MIN =MIN(D1:D10) Returns the lowest number from cells D1 through
D10.
SQRT =SQRT(E10) Finds the square root of the value in E10.
TODAY =TODAY() Returns the current date (leave the parentheses
empty).

Tasks
1. Create a table of Student and Calculate Grades of Each student using “if”.
e.g Condition: =IF (K5>=60,”Pass”,”Fail”)

2. Create a table in which we calculate the profit and loss of sales item.

55
 3. Create three tables, in first table calculate total numbers of cars & percentage of total
sales, in second table calculate percentage of each car, & in third table calculate
difference of percentage between first and second table.

Conclusion/Comments:

56
 Experiment No.13
Objective
Using paste special
 Work with Paste Special
 Copy values between worksheets
 Copy formulas between worksheets
 Perform mathematical operations
Theory

Working with Paste Special

When we copy the contents of a cell or a range of cells, any formatting that has been applied is
copied as well as the cell contents. When we subsequently paste the copied data, an exact copy
of both the contents and its formatting is pasted. There may be times when we want to paste only
certain aspects of the copied data (such as formulas, values, or formats).

For example, we may want to copy and paste all the formulas in a worksheet, but not their
formatting. The Paste Special feature allows you to specify which aspect of the copied data we
want to paste; we can paste all cell attributes or only selected ones. The Column widths option
pastes the width of the corresponding columns into the paste range. The All except borders
option is useful for maintaining the borders in the paste area, such as when we copy a formula
from a cell that has a right border to a cell formatted with no borders. If we used the normal
Paste option in this situation, the right border would be incorrectly added to each of the cells in
the paste range. In addition to specifying paste options, we can add the values of the copied cells
to the values of the existing cells in the paste range. We can use the Paste button in the Clipboard
group on the Home tab to display a menu of paste options, including the Paste Special option
which opens the Paste Special dialog box.

Copying Values between Worksheets

There may be times when we want to copy the results of a formula, but not the formula itself.
For example, we may want to copy the totals from quarterly worksheets (in which each total is
the result of a formula) to a summary worksheet (in which you only need the formula results or
totals). To perform this task, we can use the Paste Values feature.

57
Copying Formulas between Worksheets
We can copy a cell and paste just the formula from the cell, not its format or the specific formula
results. This option is useful if we do not want to overwrite existing formatting in the paste
range, or if you want to apply the same formula to different data.
When we paste a formula, relative cell references in the formula adjust to the formula’s new
location. Absolute cell references, however, do not adjust; they will always refer to the absolute
cell address.

Performing Mathematical Operations

We can use the Paste Special feature to perform mathematical operations. When we paste values
or formulas, we can add to, subtract from, multiply by, or divide by the existing values. This
feature allows you to consolidate figures. For example, in an annual workbook, we can create an
annual total that consolidates the numbers from all the quarterly worksheets.

58
 Tasks
1. Open REGION16.XLSX.
2. Copy the range B9:D9 on the Northeast template worksheet and paste the values only to cell
B5 on the Totals worksheet.
3. Copy the range B9:D9 on the Southeast template worksheet and paste the values only to cell
B6 on the Totals worksheet.
4. Copy the range B9:D9 on the Central template worksheet and paste the values only to cell
B7 on the Totals worksheet.
7. Copy the range D5:D8 on the Southeast template worksheet; add the values to the range
D5:D8 on the By Week worksheet.
8. Copy the range D5:D8 on the Central template worksheet; add the values to the range D5:D8
on the By Week worksheet.
9. Close the workbook without saving it.

Conclusion/Comments:

59
 Experiment No.14
Objective
Learn different features of MS Excel 2007
 HLOOKUP and VLOOKUP
 Subtotal

Theory
VLOOKUP
Searches for a value in the first column of a table array and returns a value in the same row from
another column in the table array.
The V in VLOOKUP stands for vertical. Use VLOOKUP instead of HLOOKUP when your
comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data that you want to find.
Syntax:
VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)
Lookup_value: The value to search in the first column of the table array. Lookup_value can be a
value or a reference. If lookup_value is smaller than the smallest value in the first column of
table_array, VLOOKUP returns the #N/A error value.
Table_array: Two or more columns of data. Use a reference to a range or a range name. The
values in the first column of table array are the values searched by lookup value. These values
can be text, numbers, or logical values. Uppercase and lowercase texts are equivalent.
Col_index_num: The column number in table array from which the matching value must be
returned. A col_index_num of 1 returns the value in the first column in table_array; a
col_index_num of 2 returns the value in the second column in table array, and so on. If
col_index_num is:
 Less than 1, VLOOKUP returns the #VALUE! error value.
 Greater than the number of columns in table_array, VLOOKUP returns the #REF!
Error value.
Range lookup: A logical value that specifies whether you want VLOOKUP to find an exact
match or an approximate match:
 If TRUE or omitted, an exact or approximate match is returned. If an exact match is
not found, the next largest value that is less than lookup value is returned.
The values in the first column of table_array must be placed in ascending sort order;
otherwise, VLOOKUP may not give the correct value. For more information, see Sort data.
 If FALSE, VLOOKUP will only find an exact match. In this case, the values in the
first column of table_array do not need to be sorted. If there are two or more values in the
first column of table array that match the lookup value, the first value found is used. If an
exact match is not found, the error value #N/A is returned.

60
HLOOKUP
The H in HLOOKUP stands for "Horizontal."
Syntax:
HLOOKUP (lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup)
Lookup_value is the value to be found in the first row of the table. Lookup_value can be a
value, a reference, or a text string.
Table array is a table of information in which data is looked up. Use a reference to a range or a
range name.
 The values in the first row of table_array can be text, numbers, or logical values.
 If range_lookup is TRUE, the values in the first row of table_array must be placed in
ascending order: ...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2,... , A-Z, FALSE, TRUE; otherwise, HLOOKUP may
not give the correct value. If range_lookup is FALSE, table_array does not need to be
sorted.
 Uppercase and lowercase text are equivalent.
 Sort the values in ascending order, left to right. For more information, see Sort data.
Row_index_num is the row number in table_array from which the matching value will be
returned. A row_index_num of 1 returns the first row value in table_array, a row_index_num of
2 returns the second row value in table_array, and so on. If row_index_num is less than 1,
HLOOKUP returns the #VALUE! error value; if row_index_num is greater than the number of
rows on table_array, HLOOKUP returns the #REF! error value.
Range_lookup is a logical value that specifies whether you want HLOOKUP to find an exact
match or an approximate match. If TRUE or omitted, an approximate match is returned. In other
words, if an exact match is not found, the next largest value that is less than lookup_value is
returned. If FALSE, HLOOKUP will find an exact match. If one is not found, the error value
#N/A is returned.

SUBTOTAL

Returns a subtotal in a list or database. It is generally easier to create a list with subtotals by
using the Subtotal command in the Outline group on the Data tab. Once the subtotal list is
created, you can modify it by editing the SUBTOTAL function.

Syntax:

SUBTOTAL (function_num, ref1, ref2,)

 Function_num is the number 1 to 11 (includes hidden values) or 101 to 111 (ignores

hidden values) that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals within a list.

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 Function_num Function_num Function
(includes hidden values) (ignores hidden values)
1 101 AVERAGE
2 102 COUNT
3 103 COUNTA
4 104 MAX
5 105 MIN
6 106 PRODUCT
7 107 STDEV
8 108 STDEVP
9 109 SUM
10 110 VAR
11 111 VARP

Tasks
1. Using following Table perform the give tasks.

i. Display the name of customer who purchased products with OrderID=10332

ii. Display the OrderID in 10th row of the table
iii. Display the customer name and required date of this ordered 10336

2. Using SUBTOTAL Function create following table.

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Conclusion/Comments:

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 Experiment No.15
Objective
Introduction to Web Browsing Skills
Theory

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW, or just the web) is a global collection of documents (pages)
accessible to anyone with a computer and a connection to the Internet. Anyone can read
documents on the web or publish their own documents. On the web you'll find airline schedules
and reservations, current news, stock prices, thousands of retail stores, personal projects, public
library catalogs, school information, government publications, and a whole lot more. If we know
where to look there's some amazing stuff out there. We can even get a free e-mail account
(www.hotmail.com). There's also a lot of junk and advertisements too.

Finding and reading things on the web is called Web Browsing or, sometimes, web surfing. We
do this with a program called a web browser; Microsoft Internet Explorer® and Netscape
Navigator® are the two most popular web browsers. Both are available for Windows, Macintosh,
and UNIX computers, for free.
Browse the Web
In order to comfortably and effectively browse the web, we need some basic computer skills and
some knowledge of how the web is organized and how web browsers work.
Basic Web Browsing
1. Understand what a URL is
2. Type in a URL to go to a specific web site or page
3. Jump to related documents by clicking on links
4. Go back to pages you browsed previously
5. Stop loading a page that is slow or uninteresting
6. Go "home"
7. Use bookmarks to return to pages
8. Make bookmarks for pages you want to return to later
9. Copy URLs to put into other programs (e.g.into e-mail messages)
10. Open several web pages at once (in different windows)

Web Search Engines

1. Go to a web search engine
2. Type an appropriate search string
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 3. Choose the matches you want from the results
4. Return to the same search results for more information

Web Privacy
1. Understand what information about you is visible to others when we browse the web
1. name and e-mail address
2. information we submit via web forms
3. browser history
2. Understand that most of what we do on the web can be watched by others on the internet
3. Understand when it is safe to give private information out on the web

Web Safety
1. Understand how computer viruses and dangerous programs can get onto a computer from
the web
2. Disable browser features that allow computer viruses and dangerous programs
3. Check for viruses and other bad programs on a computer

And More for the Future

There's much more to learn if we want. Here are a few things to look forward to:
 Speed up web browsing by not loading images
 Publish our own information on the web
 Download software from the web
 Get new or updated information automatically delivered to us

Web Browser
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving,
presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information
resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page,
image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to
navigate their browsers to related resources. Although browsers are primarily intended to use
the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web
servers in private networks or files in file systems.
The major web browsers are:
 Firefox
 Internet Explorer/Microsoft Edge
 Google Chrome
 Opera
 Safari

Google Chrome
Google Chrome is a new, open source web browser introduced by Google. Google has released a
Google Chrome beta version for Microsoft Windows on 2 September 2008 in 43 languages.

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It used the WebKit layout engine until version 27 and, with the exception of its iOS releases,
from version 28 and beyond uses the WebKit fork Blink.It was first released as a beta version for
Microsoft Windows on September 2, 2008, and as a stable public release on December 11, 2008.
As of March 2014, StatCounter estimates that Google Chrome has a 43% worldwide usage share
of web browsers, making it the most widely used web browser in the world.

Tasks
1. Google Chrome Installation
Go to the Google Chrome website. We can find the download page at http://google.com/chrome
or you can do a search for “Google Chrome” to find the right page.

Google Chrome Download Page

Then simply click on the blue “Download Google Chrome” button.

Click the button to download Chrome

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In the next pop-up click “Set Google Chrome as my default browser box.”(optional). Then click
the blue “Accept and Install” button.

Press the Accept and Install button

Google Chrome will then download and install.

With a reasonably fast connection, this will take less than a minute. Once installed, Chrome will
then open up and you are all done.

Sign in to Chrome.
After installing, a Chrome window will open showing first time use information. We can sign in
with your Google account to sync bookmarks, preferences, and browsing history with any
Chrome browser that you use.

Conclusion/Comments:
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 Experiment No.16
Objective:
Introduction to E-mail Skills

Theory

E-mail
E-mail allows sending a message to anyone with access to the web. In addition, we can attach
other files to that message. Thus e-mail allows sending photographs, music, videos, databases,
and spreadsheets around the world to anyone. With a little effort we can also create lists of
people so that a group of friends, colleagues or relatives can instantly receive the same message.
E-mail is a reliable, convenient, easy to use, instantaneous messaging system that helps us all
keep in touch with each other.

What is Gmail and How to create Gmail Account?

Everyone knows about Google and their free web based email called Gmail. The service was
launched with a lot of marketing actions and was 100% free from the start but one could only
create a Gmail account through special invites. If we knew someone who had a Gmail account,
you could request them to send you this invitation. In those early days, Gmail accounts were so
coveted that invitations were being sold through ebay.com auctions. The high demand for
Gmail email address was also because the service offered 1GB (gigabyte) Storage space for
emails at a time when all the others were providing only a fraction of that. Anyway, after a few
years, Google opened the doors of Gmail for everyone... so we didn't need a special invitation
to create an account.

Tasks

3. Create a Gmail Account.

Step 1. Open the Gmail website. https://accounts.google.com

Step 2. Click on “create account”

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Step 3. Fill out the required information.

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Step 4. Verifying account

Click on continue button.

Step 5. Welcome screen

Click on continue button you have successfully create your Gmail account

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 4. Create a Yahoo Mail Account.

Step 1:Click “Sign Up” to create an account

Step 2.

Enter the necessary details. On the given fields, enter first and last name, a username of choice,
and a password. Enter mobile number and birthday, and select a gender.

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Step 3:

Enter the Captcha code that will appear.

Step 4:

Submit Code. Verify mobile number.

Step 5:

Congratulation Account created.

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Step 6:

Open interface of yahoo mail.

Conclusion/Comments:

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