Matter

Everything that makes up the universe

  Occupies space
Matter
 Has mass
  All matter exists in one of three physical states:

Solid
Physical States Liquid
Of Matter Gas
Plasma
Bose – Einstein Condensate
  Definite shape and definite volume
 Particles are tightly packed
 Particles vibrate in place
Solid  High density

 May be crystalline (salt, sugar, metal) or

 May be amorphous (plastic, glass, gels)
  Definite volume but not a definite shape
 Can be compressed
 Medium density
Liquid  Have weaker attractive force

 Particles are in close contact with one another but are able to
move freely
  Indefinite volume and no fixed shape
 Particles move independently of each other
 Can be compressed
 Have high Kinetic energy
Gas
 Low density

 Particles have gained enough energy to overcome the attractive

forces that held them together as solids and liquids
  No definite volume or shape
plasma  Free electrical charges
 Electrically conductive
  Unexcited atoms, which means there is almost no movement
Bose – Einstein  Created when the temperature is closest to absolute zero
condensate  Electrically conductive
  Matter is made up of tiny particles.
Particle Model  Particles of matter are moving all the time.

of Matter  These particles have spaces between them.

 The particles of matter attract each other.
 Is the sample matter or not?
Sample Yes No State of matter
1. Sugar
2. Water
3. Stone
Exercise No. 1 4. Air
5. Heat
6. Oxygen
Properties of  Extensive or Intensive

Matter  Chemical or Physical

Extensive property- Properties that depends on
the amount of matter present.

 volume
 Mass
 Weight
 Length
Intensive property – independent of the amount
of matter
 Color

 Melting point

 Freezing point

 Boiling point

 Odor

 Texture
 Luster - How shiny a substance is.

 Malleability - The ability of a substance to be flattened

 Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin

wires.

 Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow

of energy or electricity.

 Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.

 Density - It is the amount of matter in a given volume.

Physical properties

 Physical properties can be observed or measured

without changing the composition of matter.
 Basically, properties you notice when using one of
your five senses:
 Feel - mass, volume, texture
 Sight - color
 Hear
 Smell
 Taste
Chemical  How do you know if it is chemical or physical?
properties  If it CHanges, it’s CHemical
Chemical
properties

 A common chemical property is reactivity.

Reactive to oxygen
Reactive to air
Reactive to water…
 Notice that chemical properties aren’t EASY to observe, unlike
physical properties.
 Matter

May be
classified as
Substance Mixtures
  Definite and unchanging composition
Substance  All elements and compounds are substances
  Made up only of 1 type of atom
Elements  Cannot be broken down into simpler substances
 N Ca

Elements P
H

C others

O
  Cobalt – 60
Radioactive  Cesium – 137
Elements
  Made up of more than 1 type of atom
compounds  Can be separated by chemical reactions
  Are made up of 2 or more substances
Mixtures  Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
 Can be separated by physical means
  Filtration
Methods of  Evaporation
Physical  Distillation

Separation  decantation
Homogeneous  Only 1 phase

Mixtures  The appearance is uniform throughout

  Made up of more than 1 phase
Heterogeneous  Can be separated by physical means
Mixtures  The components are distinguishable from one another
Methods of  Using electricity
Chemical  Using light

Separation  Replacing element in a substance