DRAMA & THEATER H U M 1 | A R T A P P R E C I AT I O N
play. Theater is the onstage production of a play.
Drama and Theater are two words that we often
use interchangeably as both of them are related
to performing arts.
However, there is a distinct difference between
these two.
WHAT IS DRAMA?
Drama is the printed text of a play.
In other words, a drama refers to the script of a
play.
The term “drama” is derived from the Greek
word, ‘dran’ meaning to do or to act.
WHAT IS DRAMA?
As with novels or other written literary work, the
people enjoying the drama have different
interpretations to the context.
In a drama, there is direct interaction between
the author and the reader.
WHAT IS DRAMA?
The term ‘drama’ also refers to an episode of life,
or fiction that involves emotion or conflict.
In the contemporary society, this word is used to
refer to genres of films and TV series as well.
WHAT IS THEATER?
The term ‘theater’ is derived from the Greek term
‘theasthai’ (to behold). Theatre refers to the
actual production of the play on the stage. This
requires a stage, actors, background, costumes,
lighting, sound effects and most importantly an
audience.
WHAT IS THEATER?
In fact, a space to perform, actors, and the
audience are three of the most basic
requirements of theater. Theater is a collective
effort of the playwright, director, actors,
technicians and many other people. Here, there is
no direct interaction between the audience and
the playwright.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRAMA &
THEATER?
D R A M A T H E A T E R Drama is the script of a
There is direct interaction between the reader
and dramatist. There is no direct interaction
between audience and the dramatist.
Interpretation of the play depends on the reader.
Interpretation of the play depends on the artists.
Drama is an abstract entity. Theater is a physical
entity.
TYPES OF DRAMA
TRAGEDY
Is one of the literature’s “Greatest Dramatic Art
Forms” because of the serious nature of the
characters, composed of sad scenes, full of
sufferings and sacrifices with a disastrous ending.
MELODRAMA
It gives more emphasis on the action rather than
on the character which is very sensational,
romantic, with a happy ending.
COMEDY all plays/dramas with happy endings.
Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary works,
and provide a happy conclusion. The intention of
dramatists in comedies is to make their audience
laugh. Hence, they use quaint circumstances,
unusual characters, and witty remarks.
TYPES OF COMEDY
ROMANTIC COMEDY is a light and amusing tale
of lovers in some dilemma which is finally solved
happily. FARCE is a light and humorous play that
is composed of jokes, humorous physical actions,
ludicrous situations and improbable characters
(Characters which are not likely to be true)
COMEDY OF MANNERS Is considered as
“Drawing Room Comedy” wherein the characters
are usually high society types, used of witty,
sophisticated, satirical and sarcastic dialogue
depicting real life situations.
OTHER TYPES OF DRAMA
TRAGICOMEDY a combination or blend of tragic
and comic elements but still it ends happily.
MIRACLE/MYSTERY PLAYS based from Holy
Scriptures, Bible Stories, or lives of saints
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MORALITY PLAYS character represents specific
vices and virtues.

OTHER TYPES OF DRAMA

PIANO DRAMA confined in the interpretation of

music through piano works as well as the
recitation of poetry. MUSICAL PLAY a drama
confined with the use of music, song and even
dance performances with limited dialogue of the
characters. CLOSET DRAMA a term used to
designate dramas or plays written for reading

rather than for staging

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA & THEATER

PLOT The arrangement of events or incidents on

the stage.

CHARACTERS The agents of the plot. Characters

provide the motivations (reasons) for the events
of the plot.

THEME The reason the playwright wrote the

play. The examination of “patterns of life” can be
didactic or just a slice of life.

LANGUAGE It is composed of the dialogue or the

conversation of the characters in the story that
can be either in prose or in poetry type.

RHYTHM The heart of the play. Plot, character,

language, and spectacle all have their individual
rhythms in time. The combination of all these
rhythms creates the impelling force of the play
leading to a final climax and denouement.
Rhythm creates mood.

SPECTACLE Everything that is seen or heard on

stage. Actors, sets, costumes, lights and sound.

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MUSIC H U M 1 | A R T A P P R E C I AT I O N
MUSIC
Is an auditory art which uses a mode or technique
of manipulating sounds in order to create
meanings
The term music came from the Greek word
“mousike” meaning art of the muses
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
• RHYTHM is the element of "time" in music.
When you tap your foot to the music, you are
"keeping the beat" or following the structural
rhythmic pulse of the music. There are several
important aspects of rhythm.
• DYNAMICS is the element where all musical
aspects relating to the relative loudness (or
quietness) of music fall.
• MELODY is the linear/horizontal presentation
of pitch (the word used to describe the highness
or lowness of a musical sound).
• HARMONY is the verticalization of pitch. Often,
harmony is thought of as the art of combining
pitches into chords (several notes played
simultaneously as a "block").
• TIMBRE is also known as tone color or tone
quality, is the perceived sound quality of a
musical note, sound or tone.
M E D I U M S O F VOCAL MEDIUM
The oldest and still most popular of all
instruments is the human voice; the song
projected by human voice is the most natural
form of music.
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f female voices
SOPRANO the highest female voice
COLORATURA SOPRANO soprano with light agile
voice specializing in elaborate music
LYRIC SOPRANO lighter timbre of soprano voice
MEZZO SOPRANO voice range between soprano
and the alto
ALTO the lowest female voice
Classification of male voices
TENOR the highest male voice
BARITONE voice range between tenor and bass
BASS the lowest male voice
INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
The sounds are produced by instruments
Musical instruments
TYPES OF STRINGED instruments provide basic
orchestral sounds; produce tones by means of
the vibration of a stretched string
WOODWIND instruments
Instruments which are blown by the players to
produce tone
BRASS instruments
Wind instruments made of brass; have the ability
to play very loudly
PERCUSSION instruments made to sound by
hitting them with special sticks, or by striking, or
shaking their parts together
DANCE H U M 1 | A R T A P P R E C I A T I O N
DANCE is a performing art form consisting of
purposefully selected sequences of human
movement.
It is an art and recreation which tells a story, a set
of moods, or expresses an emotion
DANCE
K I N D S O F ETHNOLOGIC OR FOLK DANCE • a
dance which is native to a specific race or ethnic
group • a form of social dancing that has become
a part of the customs and traditions of people •
Techniques: tinikling, itik-itik, sayaw sa bangko,
binasuan, pandanggo sa ilaw, pandanggo
oasiwas, carinosa, kappa malong malong, singkil,
la jota moncadena, maglalatik, bilaan
SOCIAL OR BALLROOM DANCE • a popular type
of dancing generally performed by pairs •
Techniques: (LATIN) cha chacha, rumba, samba,
paso doble, jive, bolero, mambo, east coast
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swing; (STANDARD) foxtrot, quickstep, tango,
Viennese waltz, waltz
THEATRICAL OR spectacular DANCE • performed
for the entertainment of the spectators •
Techniques: ballet, modern dance, hip hop,
creative dance, interpretative dance, krumping,
moshing, musical comedy.
PROSE & POETRY
PROSE • A type of literature which consists of
those written within the common flow of
conversation in sentences and paragraphs •
Knowing the different types of prose also
matters, helping you: –anticipate what you’ll find
in the text –decide how you’ll read the text • You
might think of prose as everything that isn’t
poetry. • There are two types of prose: fiction
and non-fiction
TYPES OF PROSE
• Short Story • Novel • Novella • Play • Legend •
Folktales • Fables • Parables • Anecdotes • Essay
• Biography • Autobiography • News
POETRY •A type of literature that expresses ideas
and feelings, or tells a story in a specific form
•Poetry evokes feelings •Poetry goes hand in
hand with music
CHARACTERISTICS OF POETRY
RHYME Some poems use rhyming words to
create a certain effect. Not all poems are
rhyming. Poetry that does not rhyme is called
“free verse poetry.”
RHYTHM Rhythm can be described as the beat of
the poem.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Uses figures of speech
to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful.
SHAPE You can tell you are reading a poem based
on the way it looks. A book of poems looks
different from a regular novel.
MOOD The mood of a poem is the feeling that it
has. A poem can be sad, gloomy, humorous,
happy, etc.
LIMERICK
A five line poem that is almost always humorous.
It has an AABBA pattern.
CINQUAIN
A five line poetic form intended to show emotion.
It’s pattern creates the shape of a Christmas tree.
HAIKU
Japanese poetic form consisting of three lines
containing 17 syllables. It has a 5, 7, 5 pattern.
ACROSTIC
Poetic style in which the topic or title is written
vertically. The poet then uses the letters in the
title to develop each line of poetry. Each line in
the poem describes the topic.
CONCRETE
Poems written in the shape of the poem’s main
idea. They do not have to rhyme.
QUATRAINS
Four line poems that may follow any one of four
different rhyme patterns. (AABB, ABAB, ABBA,
ABCB).
ALLITERATION
A poem written with the repetition of a sound in
two or more neighboring words. It is the
repeated use of an accented syllable that has the
same beginning sound.
SOUND POEM
A poem that uses onomatopoeia to show the
sounds that we hear all the time. Onomatopoeia
is the use of words that sound like the noise they
name.
SOUND POEM
A poem that uses onomatopoeia to show the
sounds that we hear all the time. Onomatopoeia
is the use of words that sound like the noise they
name.
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DID YOU KNOW

THE GENRE OF RAP IN MUSIC STANDS FOR:

– RHYTHM AND POETRY (RAP)

RAP BATTLE

BREAK IT DOWN, YO! •EACH MEMBER OF THE

GROUP SHALL PREPARE TWO (2) LINES ENDING
WITH RHYMING SYLLABLES, DESCRIBING
HIMSELF/HERSELF •MEMBERS WOULD RECITE
THE LINES IN A RAPPING ATTITUDE, ONE AFTER
ANOTHER •AFTER ALL MEMBERS FINISH
RECITING, THE ENTIRE GROUP SHOULD RECITE
TWO-FOUR (2-4) MORE LINES –STATING THE
NAME OF THEIR GROUP, AND A DESCRIPTION
•CAN BE DONE IN ENGLISH, TAGALOG OR BOTH

BREAK IT DOWN, YO! •Example: –1: My name is

Crisselle, and I hate hassle –2: And I am Jose, I
like to parteyyy –3: When I say “Hey”, you say
Jae! –4: This is all funny, Hi, I’m Sonny! –5: Alelie
is the name, let’s step up the game –6: We are
group 1, let’s have some fun!

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