1) Short Answer Question

a. What is iron rust?

Rust is another name for iron oxide.

b. How is iron rust formed?

Iron rust formed when iron or an alloy that contains iron, like steel, is exposed to oxygen and
moisture for a long period of time.

c. Is iron rust useful?

Yes

d.How can iron rust be prevented?

Painting, greasing,
2) a. What is density
Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume

b. The mass of a rock on the Earth is 2.0 kg. What is the mass of the rock on the Moon?

3. a. State Hooke’s Law

The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the force acting on it provided the elastic
limit of the spring is not exceeded.

b. What is the force required to stretch a spring whose constant value is 100 N/m by an amount of 0.50
m?

𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
= 100 × 0.50
= 50N

4. When a 13.2-kg mass is placed on top of a vertical spring, the spring compresses 5.93 cm. Find the
force constant of the spring.

𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥
13.2 × 10 = 𝑘 × 0.0593
132
𝑘=
0.0593
= 2225.97 𝑁/𝑚

5. a. State the difference between heat and temperature

HEAT TEMPERATURE
Unit: Joules (J) Unit: Kelvin (K), Celsius ( C ) & Fahrenheit
(F)
Measures kinetic energy (KE) & potential Measures kinetic energy (KE) only
energy
b. Convert 27° C to Kelvin.

27° C + 273 = 300K

c. Convert 77° C to Kelvin.

77° C + 273 = 350K

d. What is the temperature in °C of a 256 K object?

−17° C

6. Define the terms Scalar and Vector

Scalar is a physical quantity which has only magnitude or value while vector It is a physical
quantity which has both magnitude/value and direction
7. a. State the properties of a magnet
1. Magnetic Poles
2. North pole and south pole
3. Law of magnetic poles

b. Give 2 examples of magnetic materials and 2 examples of non-magnetic materials.

Magnetic materials
1. iron nails
2.
Non – magnetic materials
1. Wools
2. Rubber
8. The diagram below shows a lever where an effort of 200 N balances a load of 600 N. The effort force
is 6 metres from the fulcrum. The load force is two metres from the fulcrum.

a. Calculate the clockwise moment

𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓 × 𝑑
= 600 × 2
= 1200 Nm
b. Calculate the anti-clockwise moment
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖 − 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓 × 𝑑
= 200 × 6
= 1200 Nm
c. Is the lever balance? State the reason why.
Yes because the clockwise moment equals to the anti-clockwise moment

9. a. A rectangular block weighing 192 N has dimensions 8 cm x 6 cm x 2 cm. What is the maximum
pressure it can exert when it is placed on a horizontal surface?
𝐹
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝐴
192
=
0.08 ×0.06 ×0.02
= 2 000 000 𝑃𝑎
b. A building is 512 m high. What must be the minimum water pressure in a pipe at ground level in order
to get water up to a restaurant on the top floor? (Density of water - 1000 kg m-3, acceleration due to
gravity = 10 m s-2

𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = ℎ𝑝𝑔

= 512 × 1000 × 10
= 5 120 000 𝑃𝑎

10. The diagram below shows a speed-time graph of a vehicle. Determine its distance traveled at the
a. 5th,
b. 11th and
c. 19th second.

1
a. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = ×𝑏 × ℎ
2
1
= 2 × 5 × 10

= 25 𝑚
b. Distance travelled = 𝑙 × 𝑏
= 10 × 6
= 60 𝑚

1
c. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = ×𝑏 × ℎ
2
1
= 2 × 8 × 10

= 80 𝑚
11. A wooden pallet carrying a load of 600 kg rests on a wooden floor. Forklift driver decides to push it
without lifting it. (Coefficient of friction between the two surfaces = 0.28 and g = 10m/s2)
a. Calculate the weight of the wooden pallet.
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 × 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 600 × 10
= 6000𝑁

b. What force must be applied to just get the pallet moving?

12. A 78-kg skydiver has a speed of 62 m/s at an altitude of 870 m above the ground.

a. Determine the kinetic energy possessed by the skydiver.

1
× 𝑚 × 𝑣2
2
1
× 78 × 622
2

= 149 916 J

b. Determine the potential energy possessed by the skydiver.

𝑚𝑔ℎ

= 78 × 10 × 870

= 678 600𝐽

13. During the Powerhouse lab, Jerome runs up the stairs, elevating his 102 kg body a vertical distance
of 2.29 meters in a time of 1.32 seconds at a constant speed.

a. Determine the work done by Jerome in climbing the stair case.

𝑊𝑂𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐹 × 𝑑
= 1020 × 2.29
= 2335.8 𝐽

b. Determine the power generated by Jerome.

𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
2335.8
= 1.32

= 1769.55 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
14. An electric motor is used to lift a 6.0 kg of mass through a height of 1 metre. The energy it uses is
measure on an energy meter is 10 Joules.

a. Calculate the work done in lifting the mass

𝑊𝑂𝑟𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐹 × 𝑑
= 60 × 1
= 60 𝐽

b. Calculate the efficiency

10
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100%
60
= 16.67%

15. An electric motor draws 150 amperes of current while operating at 240 volts. What is the power
rating of this motor?

a. What is the total resistance of the circuit?

1 1 1
= +
𝑅 𝑅1 𝑅2

1 1 1
= +
𝑅 45 90

𝑅 = 30Ω

Total R = 30Ω + 50Ω

= 80Ω

b. What is the total current leaving the battery?

c. What is the current through the 45 ohm resistor?

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
8
𝐼= 45
= 0.17𝐴

16. Describe the following terms:

a. Absolute zero scale

It is defined as precisely 0 K on the Kelvin scale, which is a thermodynamic (absolute)

temperature scale, and -273ᵒC on the Celsius scale.
b. Ideal system

c. Closed system

 No matter (or mass) crosses the boundary of the system.

 Only energy crosses the boundary of the system in the form of heat or work.
 Also known as ‘Control Mass’

17. Describe the two gas laws below:

a. Charles’ Law

The volume of a fixed quantity of gas is directly proportional to the bsolute tempwerature when the
pressure is kept constant

b. Boyles’ Law

the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure applied to it when the
temperature is kept constant

18. a. Define Volume flow rate.

the volume of fluid flowing through any section per unit time.

b. Water travels through a hose at 0.8 meters per second. If the cross-sectional area of the exit nozzle is
one-fifth that of the hose, at what speed does water exit the hose?

19. a.State Bernoulli’s equation.

Bernoulli’s equation states that the total energy contained in a given quantity of fluid is composed of
a. Potential energy, by virtue of its height
b. Pressure energy, by virtue of its pressure
c. Kinetic energy, by virtue of its velocity

b. Water at a gauge pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows in to an office building at a speed of 0.06
m/s through a pipe 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipes taper down to 2.6cm in diameter by the top floor, 20
m above. Calculate the flow velocity and the gauge pressure in such a pipe on the top floor. Assume no
branch pipe and ignore viscosity.