DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL
DAFTAR ISI …………………………………………………….………………. i
DAFTAR GAMBAR …………………………………………………………… iii
DAFTAR BAGAN ………………………………...…………………………… iv

BAB I ....................................................................................................................... 1
I.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................... 1
I.2 Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 3
I.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
I.4 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................................. 3
1.4.1. Manfaat bagi masyarakat umum ................................................................ 3
1.4.2. Manfaat bagi Fakultas Kedokteran UPN “Veteran” Jakarta ...................... 4
1.4.3. Manfaat bagi Peneliti ................................................................................. 4
BAB II...................................................................................................................... 5
II.1 Ginjal ................................................................................................................. 5
II.1.1 Anatomi Ginjal ........................................................................................... 5
II.1.2 Fisiologi Ginjal ........................................................................................... 6
II. 1.3 Histologi Ginjal..........................................................................................7
II. 1.4 Suplai Darah..............................................................................................9
II.2 Patologi Kerusakan Ginjal .......................................................................... …10
II.3 Kerusakan Ginjal akibat Alkohol .................................................................... 11
II.4 Manfaat Rosella terhadap Ginjal.....................................................................13
II. 5 Rosella ............................................................................................................ 14
II.5.2 Taksonomi Tanaman ................................................................................ 14
II.5.3 Kandungan Kimia dan Manfaat ................................................................ 15
II.6 Antioksidan .................................................................................................... 16
II.7 Ekstrak............................................................................................................. 17
II.8 Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Sprague Dawley ................................ 17
II.9 Kerangka Teori ................................................................................................ 19
II.10 Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................................... 20
II.11 Hipotesis ........................................................................................................ 20

BAB III .................................................................................................................. 21

III.1 Rancangan Penelitian: .................................................................................... 21
III.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Peneliti ............................................................................. 21
III.3 Alat dan Subjek Penelitian ............................................................................. 21
III.3.1 Alat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 21
III.3.2 Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................................... 22
III.3.3 Kriteria Sampel ....................................................................................... 22
III.3.4 Perhitungan Sampel................................................................................. 22
III.4 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 23
III.4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................................. 23
III.4.2 Identifikasi Variabel ................................................................................ 23
III.4.2.1 Definisi Operasional ......................................................................... 23
III.4.2.2 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................................... 24
III.4.3 Cara Penelitian ............................................................................................ 24
III.4.3.1 Tahap persiapan ................................................................................ 24
III.4.3.2 Cara Kerja ......................................................................................... 25
III.4.3.3 Pembedahan ...................................................................................... 25
III.4.3.4 Pembuatan Sediaan Preparat ............................................................ 25
III.4.3.5 Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) ............................................... 26
III.4.4 Prosedur Penetapan Indikator Kerusakan Ginjal ........................................ 27
III.4.5 Rancangan Analisis Data ............................................................................ 27
III.4.5 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................ 29
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................................................................30

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 Anatomi dan Letak Ginjal ………..………....……...……………... 5

Gambar 2 Struktur Anatomi Ginjal ……...………………………………........ 6
Gambar 3 Histologi Ginjal ……...……………………..……………………... 8
Gambar 4 Suplai Darah Ginjal …..…………………………………................ 9
Gambar 5 Bunga Rosella ……...……………………………………..……….. 14

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1 Kerangka Teori ………………………………………………….... 19

Bagan 3 Kerangka Konsep …………………………………………………... 20
Bagan 4 Prosedur Penelitian …………………………………………………. 29

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