DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... iii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Peranan Air Dalam Industri ..................................................................1
1.2.1 Air Pendingin .............................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Air Umpan Boiler ........................................................................ 4
1.2.3 Air Domestik ................................................................................5
1.2.4 Air Hydrant ..................................................................................9
1.3 Pentingnya Listrik dalam Industri ........................................................ 11
1.4 Pentingnya Pengolahan Limbah dalam Industri .................................. 13

BAB II SISTEM UTILITAS

2.1 Unit Pengolahan Air ............................................................................. 16
2.1.1 Screening ..................................................................................... 18
2.1.2 Bak Sedimentasi .......................................................................... 20
2.1.3 Tangki Pelarutan Na2CO3............................................................ 20
2.1.4 Tangki Pelarutan Al2(SO4)3 ......................................................... 20
2.1.5 Tangki Koagulasi ........................................................................ 21
2.1.6 Clarifier ....................................................................................... 22
2.1.7 Sand filter .................................................................................... 23
2.1.8 Bak Penampung Sementara......................................................... 25
2.1.9 Tangki Klorinator ........................................................................ 25
2.1.10 Tangki Air Bersih ...................................................................... 25
2.1.11 Unit Penyedia Air Pendingin ..................................................... 25
2.1.12 Bak Air Pendingin ..................................................................... 28
2.1.13 Ion Exchanger ........................................................................... 29
2.1.14 Deaerator .................................................................................. 30
2.2 Unit Penyedianan Steam ...................................................................... 32
2.2.1 Fire Tube Boiler .......................................................................... 32
2.2.2 Water Tube Boiler ....................................................................... 33
2.3 Unit Pembangikit Listrik ...................................................................... 34
2.4 Unit Pengadaan Udara Tekan ............................................................... 35
2.5 Unit Pengadaan Bahan Bakar ............................................................... 35

BAB III PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH

3.1 Limbah Cair ........................................................................................ 37
3.2 Limbah Padat ....................................................................................... 38

BAB IV DASAR PERANCANGAN ALAT

4.1 Pompa Utilitas ...................................................................................... 41
4.1.1 Data Perancangan Fluida yang Diperlukan ................................. 41
4.1.2 Laju Alir Total ............................................................................. 41
4.1.3 Kapasitas Fluida .......................................................................... 42
4.1.4 Perhitungan Diameter Optimum untuk Pompa ........................... 42
 4.1.5 Penentuan Spesifikasi Pipa.......................................................... 42
4.1.6 Penentuan Kecepatan Aliran Linier ............................................ 43
4.1.7 Menghitung Nilai Bilangan Reynold .......................................... 43
4.1.8 Menghitung Friction Losses ........................................................ 44
4.1.9 Menghitung Daya Pompa ............................................................ 49
4.2 Tangki Utilitas ...................................................................................... 51
4.2.1 Perhitungan Dimensi Tangki ....................................................... 51
4.2.2 Perhitungan Tebal Shell .............................................................. 53
4.2.3 Perhitungan Jenis Head ............................................................... 54
4.3 Asumsi yang Digunakan ...................................................................... 55

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 56

LAMPIRAN A SFESIFIKASI ALAT .......................................................... 57
LAMPIRAN B PERHITUNGAN ................................................................. 59
LAMPIRAN C SPESIFIKASI DATA .......................................................... 68
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Skema Proses Screening ...............................................................20

Gambar 2.2 Mekanisme Kerja Alat Clarifier ....................................................23
Gambar 2.3 Alat Sand Filter .............................................................................24
Gambar 2.4 Mekanisme Kerja Cooling Tower .................................................27
Gambar 2.5 Diagram Cooling Water System ....................................................28
Gambar 2.6 Skema Ion Exchanger ....................................................................30
Gambar 2.7 Alat Deaerator ...............................................................................31
Gambar 2.8 Mekanisme Proses Kerja Fire Tube Boiler ....................................33
Gambar 2.9 Alat Fire Tube Boiler ....................................................................33
Gambar 2.10 Contoh Alat Water Tube Boiler ...................................................34
Gambar 3.1 Komposisi Limbah yang dihasilkan unit proses ............................37
Gambar 3.2 Skema Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Metanol ..........................38
Gambar 3.3 Mekanisme Pengolahan Limbah Padat ..........................................39
Gambar 4.1 Spesifikasi Pipa..............................................................................43
Gambar 4.2 Menentukan nilai equivalent toughness for new pipe....................45
Gambar 4.3 Efisiensi Pompa Sentrifugal ..........................................................49
Gambar 4.4 Efisiensi Motor ..............................................................................50
Gambar 4.5 Schematic Torispherical head .......................................................54
Gambar B.1 Skema pengambilan air sungai menggunakan pompa utilitas ......61
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Kebutuhan Air Pendingin ............................................................... 2

Tabel 1.2 Persyaratan Kualitas Air Umpan Boiler ......................................... 4
Tabel 1.3 Kebutuhan Air Umpan Boiler ........................................................ 5
Tabel 1.4 Karakteristik Baku Mutu Air Bersih .............................................. 5
Tabel 1.5 Jumlah Operator Berdasarkan Jenis Alat ....................................... 6
Tabel 1.6 Jumlah Karyawan Pabrik Metanol ................................................. 7
Tabel 1.7 Kebutuhan Air Bersih Untuk Berbagai Sektor Dalam Pabrik ........ 9
Tabel 1.8 Jumlah Kebutuhan Air Untuk Keperluan Umum ........................... 9
Tabel 1.9 Jumlah Total Kebutuhan Air Bersih PabrikMetanol ...................... 11
Tabel 1.10 Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisika Air Bersih ................................... 17
Tabel 4.1 Friction Loss untuk Aliran Laminar dan Fittings .......................... 47