PET-CVL-BOD-800115-04 - Civil & Structural Design Basis

Revision History
Rev Date of Issue Issue Reason Description of Change

01 18/06/2017 For Review First Issue for Client Review
02 26/10/2017 For Review Second Issue for Client Review
Company comments are incorporated and the modifications
are marked.
03 14/12/2017 For Design Third Issue for Design
Company comments are incorporated and the modifications
are marked.
04 16/05/2018 For Design Fourth Issue for Design
Updated as per Geotechnical and other development
Prepared by: Kallol Biswas
Checked by: Debraj Chatterjee/Subir Palit
Approved by: Souha Shehab
Hold List
Page/Section Description of Hold
Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

DocID: PET-CVL-BOD-800115 Revision: 04
External DocID: 107250-000-CV-BOD-00001-0000 Page: 2 of 32
Table of Content
1 Introduction 5
2 Purpose 5
3 Definitions, Abbreviations & Acronyms 6
3.1 Abbreviation and Acronyms 6
3.2 Definitions 7
4 Key Design Parameters 7
5 Reference Documents 8
5.1 Project Documents 8
5.2 Project Standard Drawings 8
5.3 Codes and standards 9
5.4 Contract Documents 11
6 Units of Measurements 12
7 Meteorological Data 12
7.1 Wind 12
7.2 Air Temperature 13
7.3 Rainfall 13
8 Design 13
8.1 Basic Loads 13
8.2 Load Combinations 20
9 Concrete Structure 21
9.1 Materials 21
9.2 Reinforcing Steel 21
9.3 Concrete Protection 21
9.4 Grout 22
9.5 Anchor Bolt 22
9.6 Insert Plate 22
9.7 General Concrete Design Requirement 22
10 Foundations 23
10.1 Geotechnical Data 23
10.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity 23
10.3 Soil Parameters 23
10.4 Stability Requirements 23
10.5 Foundation Design Criteria 24
10.6 Transformer Bases 25
10.7 Horizontal Vessels / Exchangers 25
11 Steel Structures 25
11.1 Materials (Structural Steel and Bolts) 25
11.2 Design Conditions 26
11.3 Types of Construction and Bracing 27
11.4 Minimum Sizes of Structural Members 28
11.5 Deflections 28
11.6 Connections 28
11.7 Fire Proofing 29

11.8 Painting and Coating 29
11.9 Ladders 29
12 Drainage and Underground Services 29
13 Paving and Joints 29
14 Roads 30
15 Road Crossings 30
16 Fence and Gate 30
17 Building/Shelter Design 30
Appendix A - Load Combinations 31

1 Introduction
South Stream Transport BV is building a gas pipeline system across the Black Sea to supply natural gas from
the Russian Federation to the Republic of Turkey. The pipeline system will extend from the Russkaya
Compressor Station near the town of Anapa in Russia to the Receiving Terminal near the village of Kiyiköy in
Turkey.
The pipeline system will make use of the existing pipeline design and installation corridor of the South Stream
Offshore Pipeline project up to the landfall in Turkey as highlighted in Figure 1-1. The pipeline section from
the Turkish landfall along with its Receiving Terminal (RT) will be further detailed under the TurkStream Gas
Pipeline - RT and Onshore Pipelines Construction Project.
Figure 1-1 TurkStream Project Definition
2 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to define the basic information and design criteria to execute Civil & Structural
analysis and design of all facilities identified as part of RT, Onshore pipeline in Turkey and new Access Roads
(PR81 and PR82).
The work covered in this Basis of Design shall comply with all relevant governmental and local laws,
specifications, regulations and standards.
In case of conflict between above-mentioned codes and standards and this specification, the order of
precedence to be followed is:
a) Statutory / Legislative requirements
b) Contract / Purchase Order / Requisition
c) Technical Requirements (This document)
d) Other Project Drawings / Specifications
e) International Codes / Standards
3 Definitions, Abbreviations & Acronyms
For the purpose of this document, the words and expressions listed below shall have the meanings assigned
to them as follows:
3.1 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Table 1: Abbreviation
Abbreviation Description
ASTM American Standards for Testing of Materials
BS British Standards
E/I Electrical / Instrumentation

EN European Norm
EPC Engineering, Procurement & Construction
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FFL Finished Floor Level
FGL Finished Ground Level
HPP High Point of Paving
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HV High Voltage
HVAC Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
LV Low Voltage
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PMB Prefabricated Modular Building
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RT Receiving Terminal
SSTTBV South Stream Transport B.V.
U-PVC Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Abbreviation Description
CC Consequences Class (1 to 3)
DC Ductility Class (L = Low, M = Medium, H = High)
DWLC Design Work Life Category
EXC Execution Class (1 to 4)
RC Reliability Class (1 to 3)
UB Universal Beams
UC Universal Columns
PFC Parallel Flange Channels
Doc Document
Dia Diameter
3.2 Definitions
COMPANY South Stream Transport BV
CONTRACTOR The party which has been contracted by Company to
perform duties as specified in the Contract and scope
of work
SUPPLIER/ SUB-CONTRACTOR The party which manufactures and /or supplies
material, equipment and services to perform duties
as specified in the scope of work
4 Key Design Parameters
The following represents a brief summary of the key Civil & Structural design parameters for RT, Onshore
pipeline in Turkey and New Access Road (PR81 and PR82) [These are sourced from Basis of Design for feed,
ITF-PEG-BOD-211163, meteorological data of Turkey and technical query PET-PSE-QRY-800386]:
European Committee code for the project

SI units
Design life: 50 years
Temperature: Min: -14.1°C, Max: 41.8°C, however for Civil/Structural design Min. -15.8°C,
Max: 42.5°C shall be considered, conservatively.
Ambient: 20 °C.
Basic wind velocity: 33 m/s

Average level above sea 55 m
Average ground water level above sea 45 m

Vertical Datum Elevations are based on Turkish National vertical control network TUDKA
(TNVCN-99), Refer onshore Topographical Survey Report Doc No ITF-SUR-REP-210609.
5 Reference Documents
The following specifications, codes (including applicable addenda) and standards shall constitute the
minimum requirements for this Basis of Design.
5.1 Project Documents
Table 2: Project Documents

S/N Document Number PF Document Number Descriptions
PET-HSE-REP-800685 107250-000-HA-REP-00001 Vent Stack & Safety Distances -
Calculation Report
PET-CVL-SPE-800782 107250-000-CV-SPE-00009 Specification for Structural Steel
Construction
PET-CVL-SPE-800387 107250-000-CV-SPE-00007 Specification for Concrete Construction
PET-CVL-SPE-800188 107250-000-CV-SPE-00005 Specification for Paving
PET-CVL-SPE-800189 107250-000-CV-SPE-00006 Specification for Plant Roads
PET-CVL-SPE-800186 107250-000-CV-SPE-00003 Specification for Fence & Gate
PET-PSE-PHL-801191 107250-000-PX-PHL-00006 Drainage Philosophy
PET-CVL-SPE-800185 107250-000-CV-SPE-00002 Specification for Drainage System
PET-CVL-SPE-800184 107250-000-CV-SPE-00001 Specification for Site Preparation
Specification for Thermal Insulation &
PET-CTG-SPE-800512 107250-000-RA-SPE-00002
Coating
Final Geotechnical Interpretative and
PET-SUR-REP-804101 107250-000-CV-REP-00001
Engineering Recommendations Report
5.2 Project Standard Drawings
Table 3: Project Standard Drawings

S/N Document Number PF Document Number Descriptions
STANDARD DRAWING GENERAL NOTES
PET-CVL-DWG-800390 107250-000-CV-DWG-00009 FOR CIVIL WORK
STANDARD DRAWING ABBREVIATIONS
PET-CVL-DWG-800391 107250-000-CV-DWG-00009 AND LEGENDS FOR CIVIL WORK
STANDARD DRAWING GENERAL NOTES
PET-CVL-DWG-800392 107250-000-CV-STD-00010 FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK
STANDARD DRAWING ABBREVIATIONS
AND LEGENDS FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL
PET-CVL-DWG-800449 107250-000-CV-STD-00011 WORK
STANDARD DRAWING FOR FENCE &
PET-CVL-DWG-800388 107250-000-CV-STD-00012 GATE
STANDARD DRAWING FOR FENCE &
PET-CVL-DWG-800389 107250-000-CV-STD-00013 GATE
PET-CVL-DWG-800709 107250-000-CV-STD-00014 STANDARD DRAWING FOR GRATING
PET-CVL-DWG-800710 107250-000-CV-STD-00015 STANDARD DRAWING FOR HANDRAIL
STANDARD DRAWING FOR ANCHOR
PET-CVL-DWG-800711 107250-000-CV-STD-00008 BOLTS
STANDARD DRAWING FOR FIRE
PET-CVL-DWG-800712 107250-000-CV-STD-00016 PROOFING DETAILS
STANDARD DRAWING FOR FIRE
PET-CVL-DWG-800713 107250-000-CV-STD-00017 PROOFING DETAILS
PET-CVL-DWG-800702 107250-000-CV-STD-00001 STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR ROADS
PET-CVL-DWG-800703 107250-000-CV-STD-00002 STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR PAVINGS
STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR CATCH
PET-CVL-DWG-800704 107250-000-CV-STD-00003
BASIN AND MANHOLES
STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR CATCH
PET-CVL-DWG-800705 107250-000-CV-STD-00004
BASIN AND MANHOLES
STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR CABLE DUCT
PET-CVL-DWG-800706 107250-000-CV-STD-00005
BANK
STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR SANITARY
PET-CVL-DWG-800707 107250-000-CV-STD-00006
MANHOLE
STANDARD DRAWINGS FOR BOLLARDS,
PET-CVL-DWG-800708 107250-000-CV-STD-00007
CRASH BARRIERS
5.3 Codes and standards
Table 4: Codes and standards
S/N Code, Specifications Descriptions

and standards
Basis of structural design (Eurocode 0)- Turkish Annex: TS EN 1990/AC
1 EN-1990
Actions on structures (Eurocode 1)
2 EN-1991
Turkish Annexes:

and standards
• TS EN 1991-2/AC
• TS EN 1991-3/AC
• TS EN 1991-4/AC*
• TS EN 1991-5/AC
• TS EN 1991-6/AC
• TS EN 1991-7/AC
Design of concrete structures (Eurocode 2)

Turkish Annexes
• TS EN 1992-1-1/AC
3 EN-1992
• TS EN 1992-1-2/AC
• TS EN 1992-2/AC
Design of steel structures (Eurocode 3)

Turkish Annexes:
• TS EN 1993-1-1/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-2/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-3/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-5/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-6/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-7/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-8/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-9/AC
4 EN-1993 • TS EN 1993-1-10/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-11/AC
• TS EN 1993-1-12/AC
• TS EN 1993-2/AC
• TS EN 1993-3-1/AC
• TS EN 1993-4-1/AC
• TS EN 1993-4-2/AC
• TS EN 1993-4-3/AC
• TS EN 1993-5/AC
• TS EN 1993-6/AC
Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures (Eurocode 4)

Turkish Annexes:
• TS EN 1994-1-1/AC
5 EN-1994 • TS EN 1994-1-2/AC
• TS EN 1994-2/AC
Design of Masonry Structures (Eurocode 6)

Turkish Annexes:
TS EN 1996-1-1/AC
6 EN-1996 TS-EN 1996-1-2/AC
TS-EN-1996-2/AC
TS-EN-1996-3/AC
Geotechnical design (Eurocode 7)

7 EN-1997
Turkish Annexes:

and standards
• TS EN 1997-1/AC
• TS EN 1997-2/AC
Design of structures for earthquake resistance (Eurocode 8)

Turkish Annexes:
• TS EN 1998-1/AC
8 EN-1998
• TS EN 1998-2/AC
• TS EN 1998-3/AC
Design of aluminium structures

Turkish Annexes:
• TS EN 1999-1-1
9 EN-1999 • TS EN 1999-1-2/AC
• TS EN 1999-1-4/AC
• TS EN 1999-1-5/AC
10 TEC-2007 Specification for Buildings to be Built in Seismic Zones
11 BS EN 10025 Hot Rolled Product of Non Alloy Structural Steels

Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Fabricated Iron and Steel Articles -
12 BS EN ISO 1461 Specifications and Test Methods
Hot Finished Structural Hollow Sections of Non-Alloy and Fine Grain

13 EN 10210 Part- 2 Steels - Tolerances, Dimensions and Sectional Properties
Execution of Special Geotechnical Work – Bored Piles

14 EN-1536
Guidelines for the Seismic Design and assessment of Natural Gas and
Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipelines, Pipeline Research Council International,
15 PRCI
Inc.
Steel for the reinforcement of concrete – Wieldable reinforcing steel -

16 BS EN 10080 General
17 BS EN 206 Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity
18 BS 4190 ISO metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts–Specification
19 TS 13515 Complementary standard for the application of EN 206
5.4 Contract Documents
Table 5: Contract Documents

DocID Document Title
ITF-PEG-BOD-211163 INTECSEA, Basis of Design for FEED (RT) (Rev 06)

DocID Document Title
ITF-PEG-BOD-209939 INTECSEA, Code Framework for FEED (Rev 04).
ITF-CVL-SPE-210836 Technical Requirements for Buildings (Rev 02)
ITF-CVL-SPE-210837 Technical Requirements – Reinforced Concrete Materials and Structures
(Rev 02)
ITF-CVL-SPE-210838 Technical Requirements – Structural Steelwork (Rev 02)
ITF-MDG-PHL-210189 Design Philosophy – Material Selection for RT (Rev 04)
ITF-CVL-SPE-212445 Specification for Foundation (Rev 02)
SST-PRC-MAN-210742 SSTTBV Corporate Design Manual – Landfall Facilities Branding (Rev 01)
ITF-MDG-SPE-210192 Technical Requirements – Insulation and Coating (RT) (Rev 04)
PET-CVL-QRY-800330 TQ for Seismic parameters
PET-PSE-QRY-800386 TQ for Basic Engineering design data
PET-CVL-QRY-800331 TQ for Clarification on Painting of Structural steel
PET-CVL-QRY-800328 Technical Query - Plant roads inside RT Plant area
PET-CVL-QRY-800754 Technical Query - Characteristic Strength of Concrete for Precast
Construction
ITF-SUR-REP-210609 Onshore Topographic Survey Report
ITF-CVL-SPE-212444 Specification for Earthworks
ITF-CVL-DLP-210156 Plot Plan – Ground Mass plan drawing
6 Units of Measurements
Unless otherwise indicated, the following units shall be used:
Elevations: Metre (m)
Dimensions: Millimetre (mm)
Force: Kilo Newton (kN)
Mass: Kilogram (kg), or Tonne (MT)
Moment: Kilo Newton Meter (kN-m)
Stress: Newton/mm2 (N/mm2, MPa) or Kilo Newton/m2 (kN/m2)
7 Meteorological Data
Following data are provided as per meteorological data of Turkey and technical query PET-PSE-QRY-800386.
7.1 Wind
Basic wind velocity shall be considered as 33m/s (Vb,0 as per EN 1991-1-4), based on meteorological data.

7.2 Air Temperature
The ambient air temperature for design purpose shall be 20° C. The maximum and minimum values shall be
42.5°C and -15.8°C. For structural design, the self-straining thermal forces in members will be based on
average temperature rise or fall of 29.15°C.
7.3 Rainfall
The rainfall intensity for drainage design is 60mm/hr for 50-year return period, based on meteorological
data.
8 Design
8.1 Basic Loads
8.1.1 Dead Load
 Dead load of Equipment
The equipment dead load produced by the weight of items such as vessels, heat exchangers, stacks, pumps
etc., the load shall include the dead weight of the equipment, plus all materials permanently fastened to it.
 Dead load of Pipe
The following requirements apply to elevated and grade level pipes less than 12'' diameter. For larger pipes
individual conditions must be investigated.
For pipes < 300mm (12'') dia., design for a minimum of 1.2 kN/m2 (considering 6 inch lines spaced at 300
mm) over the pipe-rack plan area.
 Dead load of Structure
The structural dead load shall be the self-weight of all the structural materials, handrails & grating, including
fireproofing, that form a permanent part of the completed structure. A contingency load of 10% of the self-
weight of the structure shall be allowed in the analysis to account for items such as connections, splicing and
connection bolts. The weights for various elements shall be considered as follows:
Cement mortar = 20 kN/m3 Table A.1, EN 1991-1-1
Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m3 Table A.1, EN 1991-1-1
Stee l= 7850 kg/m3 = 78.5 kN/m3 Table A.4, EN 1991-1-1
Grating = 0.5 kN/m (30 mm deep bearing bars)
2
[Refer to typical details for grating: PET-CVL-DWG-800709 (107250-000-CV-STD-00014)]

Handrail = 0.2 kN/m
[Refer to typical details for handrail: PET-CVL-DWG-800710 (107250-000-CV-STD-00015)]
Ladder without cage = 0.18 kN/m
[Refer to typical details for ladder: PET-CVL-DWG-800714 (107250-000-CV-STD-00018)]
Ladder with cage = 0.75 kN/m
[Refer to typical details for ladder: PET-CVL-DWG-800714(107250-000-CV-STD-00018)]

8.1.2 Cable tray Load
Electrical / Instrument /Telecom cable load (blanket) shall be taken as a minimum of 1.0 kN/m2 per cable tray
tier level. In case the actual loading exceeds the blanket load used, the actual loads shall be considered.
8.1.3 HVAC Equipment Load

Minimum load for HVAC equipment shall be 2 kN/m2 or as specified by HVAC vendor – whichever is more.
8.1.4 Live Load
Live load is defined as the weight superimposed by the use of and occupancy of the building or other structure,
but not permanently attached to it. For industrial plant, live load is defined as additional load produced by
personnel, movable miscellaneous equipment, cranes and hoists, self-weight of parts of dismantled equipment
and temporary stored material, tools etc. placed on the structure but not permanently attached to it.
Minimum recommended live loads for buildings shall be in accordance with BS EN 1991, except as specified
in the following table:
Table 6: Minimum Live Loads
Concentrated
Category Uniform Load
Load
Areas susceptible to accumulation of goods, including
7.5 kPa (7.5 kN/m2) 7.0 kN
access areas (as per Table 6.4, EN 1991-1-1)
Operating floors / areas and platforms (not next to heat
5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 5.0 kN
exchangers)
Personnel access and inspection platforms and walkways
2.5 kPa (2.5 kN/m2) 2.5 kN
not used for maintenance
Stairs, ramps, escape route and assembly areas 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 5.0 kN
Roofs accessible for inspection and repair (as per Table 1.5kN for all
1.0 kPa (1.0 kN/m2)
6.10, EN 1991-1-1) roof members
Covers of sumps and pits -
a) For Vehicular Movement 10.0 kPa (10.0 kN/m2) 10.0 kN
b) For Non-vehicular Movement 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 5.0 kN
Offices, first-aid buildings, guard houses, toilets, wash and
locker rooms, analyser houses, computer rooms, electrical 3.0 kPa (3.0 kN/m2) 4.5kN
rooms, laboratory rooms (2) (as per Table 6.2, EN 1991-1-1)
Canteens, lunchrooms, training centres, corridors, and halls
4.0 kPa (4.0 kN/m2) 4.0kN
(as per Table 6.2, EN 1991-1-1)
Library and filing rooms 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 2.0kN
UPS/ Battery rooms, Electrical/ Switchgear room,

10.0 kPa (10.0 kN/m2) 5.0kN
Mechanical/ HVAC room (2)
Mechanical, electrical, instrument workshop building
(inclusive of covered area), workshop area in training 10.0kPa (10.0 kN/m2) 5.0kN
centre, and consumables store

Bulk store (6) 10.0 kPa (10.0 kN/m2)
Control Room / Auxiliary rooms (2) 7.5 kPa (7.5 kN/m2) 7.0 kN
Workshop Building 10 kPa (10 kN/m2)
Notes:
(1) Railing and handrails shall be conforming to EN 14122.
(2) Uniform loads and concentrated loads do not occur simultaneously.
(3) Concentrated loads shall be placed upon any contact area 0.05 m x 0.05 m and shall be located
to produce the maximum load effects in the structural members. A contact area of 200 x
200mm shall be allowed on grating or chequered plate and conforming to EN 14122.
(4) Where applicable, the weight of vehicles shall be included as live loading and shall be applied to
produce the most critical design cases.
(5) For the design of each structural element the live loads shall be applied in the most
unfavourable pattern.
(6) For Workshop/Warehouse building, design of grade slab shall be verified with additional
concentrated load of heaviest equipment stored inside the building.
8.1.5 Impact Load

For structures carrying live loads that induce impact, the live load shall be increased sufficiently. Crane loads
provided by vendor / supplier shall be considered including the lifting capacity as well as horizontal loads
caused by braking or acceleration, producing worst conditions. If not otherwise specified, the live load
increase shall be conforming to EN 1991-3.
8.1.6 Operating Load

 Operating load of Equipment
The equipment operating load shall be the weight of all items forming the fully assembled equipment during
operation. This shall include the weight of any liquids or solids present within the vessels, equipment or piping
during normal operation. Since equipment dead load is already considered in 8.1.1 above, only contents
weights (=operating load of equipment – dead load of equipment) shall be considered in this basic load case.
 Operating load of Pipe
The following requirements apply to elevated and grade level pipes up to 12'' diameter. For larger pipes
For pipes < 300mm (12'') dia., design for a minimum of 0.5 kN/m2 over the pipe-rack plan area. Since pipe
dead load is already considered in 8.1.1 above, only contents weights (=Operating loads of pipes – dead loads
of pipes) shall be considered in this basic load case.
8.1.7 Hydrostatic Test Load
 Hydro Test Load of Equipment

When hydrostatic pressure testing of equipment is required at site the weight of equipment together with its
associated pipework completely filled with water shall be considered for the design of the supporting structure.
When more than one vessel is supported by a structure, the latter need only be designed on the basis that
only one vessel is filled at any one time with the others empty.
Since equipment dead load is already considered in 8.1.1 above, only contents weights (=Test loads – dead
loads of equipment) shall be considered in this basic load case.
 Hydro Test load of Pipe
The following requirements apply to elevated and grade level pipes up to 12''diameter. For larger pipes
Vertical test load on structure supporting up to four pipes (in addition to dead load) shall be taken as the
weight of water in full pipes. Vertical test load on structure supporting more than four pipes (in addition to
dead load) shall be taken as half the weight of water in full pipes applied to produce maximum stresses.
For pipes ≤ 300mm (12'') dia., design for a minimum of 0.5 kN/m2 considering 50% of pipes are hydro tested
at a time. Since pipe dead load is already considered in 8.1.1 above, only contents weights (= Test loads of
pipes- dead loads of pipes) shall be considered in this basic load case.
Note: These content loads for equipment & piping shall be treated as dead load for operating and test
conditions.
8.1.8 Snow Load
The snow loads shall be in compliance with EN 1991 1-3 “Basis of Design and Actions on Structures Part 1-3:
Actions on Structures – Snow Loads”, and are calculated, as a minimum, according to the National Annex.
ground snow load ssk = 0.75 kN/m2
8.1.9 Thermal Load

Thermal Load shall be load acting upon a structure (pipe-racks) due to change in temperature of pipes,
machinery or process equipment.
Table 7: Friction Coefficient

Surfaces Friction Coefficient
PTFE to PTFE (Teflon) 0.08 (1)
Stainless steel to PTFE 0.1
Steel to PTFE 0.15
Steel to steel 0.4
Concrete to steel 0.6
Friction loads shall be considered as indicated in the piping input data. Friction load along the pipe for
pipes which have not been anchored shall be applied as percentage of the vertical load and depending
upon the number pipes running in the tier as follows,

Number of Lines on tier Friction Coefficient
1-3 0.4
4-6 0.2
7 or more 0.1
Half of above friction load shall be applied in lateral direction of the pipe for pipes which have not been
anchored in lateral direction.
8.1.10 Wind Load
 Wind load for open structures (Pipe Bridges, Platforms)
Wind loads and wind speed at any height above ground and any other related parameters shall be in
accordance with BS EN 1991.
 Wind Speed
Refer to section 7.1 of this document & section 4.0 of BS EN 1991-1-4.
 Terrain Exposure
Wind loads to be developed to suit the location. Terrain shall be assumed to be category 0.
 Shape Increase Factors
The following shape increase factors may be used to modify the projected areas of vertical and horizontal
vessels (including insulation, if any) to allow for attachments such as manholes, nozzles, piping, ladders, and
platforms.
Table 8: Shape Increase Factors
Vessel Diameter (m) Increase Factor

0.5 - 1.0 1.6
1.0 - 1.5 1.37
1.5 - 2.0 1.28
2.0 - 2.5 1.2
2.5 and up 1.18
Spherical (any dia.) 1.1
 Supported Equipment, Ladders, and Stairs

Wind loads shall be separately computed for all supported equipment, ladders, and stairs except for vessels
where projected area increase factors have already accounted for these items.
 Turbulence Intensity & Gust Response Factor
Turbulence Intensity (Iv), for main wind resisting systems of flexible buildings, structures, and vertical vessels
having a height exceeding five times the least horizontal dimension or a fundamental natural frequency less
than 1.0 hertz shall be calculated.
Calculations of Turbulence Intensity (Iv) & Peak wind pressure (By multiplying Turbulence intensity with mean
wind pressure) shall be respectively based on clause no 4.4 & 4.5 of BS EN 1991-1-4:2005.
Table 9: Peak Wind Velocity Pressure
Z(m) Iv(z) Co(z) Cr(z) Ce(z) Wind Peak Velocity

Pressure
qp(z) kN/m2
Upto 0.135 1 1.157
5m 2.604 1.772
10 0.123 1 1.265 2.978 2.027
15 0.117 1 1.329 3.213 2.187
20 0.114 1 1.374 3.394 2.31
25 0.111 1 1.408 3.523 2.398
30 0.109 1 1.437 3.641 2.478
35 0.107 1 1.461 3.733 2.541
40 0.105 1 1.482 3.811 2.594
45 0.104 1 1.500 3.888 2.646
50 0.103 1 1.517 3.961 2.696
 Shielding Effect
No reduction shall be made for the shielding effect of vessels or structures adjacent to the structure being
designed.
 Wind and Earthquake Loads
Wind and earthquake loads shall not be assumed to act concurrently.
8.1.11 Dynamic or Vibration Loads

Each structure and foundation supporting a compressor, turbine, pump or other machinery having significant
dynamic unbalance shall be designed to resist the peak loads specified by the manufacturer. Vibration
amplitudes of the supporting structure or foundation shall be kept within acceptable limits for dynamic forces

that occur during normal machine operation. In case of a tall and slender structure, there may be a need to
investigate the dynamic effects of wind gusts.
Centrifugal pump foundation for pumps less than 750kW and weighing less than 25kN do not require a dynamic
analysis. However, the foundation to pump assembly weight ratio shall not be less than 3 to 1. For horizontal
impact load of the machine is equal to impact factor multiply by machine weight. Impact factor shall not be
less than 25% of the machine weight. This load is applied at the machine shaft centre line.
Foundations for reciprocating machinery, centrifugal machinery, and centrifugal pumps over 750kW or
weighing more than 25kN require a three-dimensional dynamic (vibration) analysis.
8.1.12 Erection Load

Erection Loads are temporary forces caused during the installation or erection of equipment or structures.
Erection loads are considered in load combinations as live load. Beams and floor slabs in multi-story structures
e.g., fire decks, shall be designed to carry the full construction loads imposed by the props supporting the
structure immediately above.
8.1.13 Seismic Loads
Seismic loading shall be in accordance with Eurocode 1998-1:2004, henceforth referred as EN 1998-1.
Ground Type – C
PGA value – 0.19 (for a return period of 475 years, no-collapse requirement)
Spectra Type – 1
Importance Factor – 1.2 based on the above mentioned details, the horizontal elastic spectra (Refer
Below Figure) shall be generated as described in Section 3.2.2.2 and Vertical elastic spectra shall be
generated as described in section 3.2.2.3 of EN 1998-1.
Design Acceleration Spectrum

0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
Sd(T)
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000
Time period
For pipeline support design, the load obtained from stress analysis shall be multiplied by the factor as
described in section 5.5, EN 1998-4.
Slability of slopes shall be as described in section 4.1.3, EN 1998-5.

Foundation stability, verifications and dimensioning criteria shall be as per section 5, EN 1998-5.
8.1.14 Paving and Trench Cover Loads

Paving shall conform to project specification for paving, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800188 (107250-000-
CV-SPE-00005) and project standard drawing for paving, drawing no. PET-CVL-DWG-800703 (107250-000-
CV-STD-00002).
Trenches cover slabs shall be designed as per EN 1992, with load due to vehicular/crane access over the
cover, where applicable.
8.1.15 Blast Loads
The blast load shall be as per the HSE document Vent Stack and Safety Distances Assessment Report Doc
No - PET-SRK-REP-800456.
8.1.16 Earth Pressure

Where applicable, lateral earth pressures due to soil shall be considered in design.
8.1.17 Soil Water Pressure

The design of structures shall include hydrostatic loads due to ground water pressure where applicable.
The buoyancy load is equal to the weight of the volume of displaced water.
8.1.18 Exchanger Bundle Pull Force

When tube bundles of exchangers are removable (by means of mobile equipment or deadman), the beams
and/or frames used to support the fixed end of the exchanger shall be designed for a horizontal bundle
pull force, evaluated as twice the bundle-weight. When several exchangers are stacked one above the
other, only one will be assumed to be pulled at a time.
8.2 Load Combinations

Structures and members of structures as well as their supports, Connections shall be designed for the
combinations of loading components tabulated in appendix A conforming to EN 1990.
When hydrostatic pressure testing of equipment is required at site and more than one vessel, etc. is supported
by one structure, the structure shall be designed on the basis that only one vessel will be tested at the same
time, and the others will be empty.
Maintenance loads shall be considered in design, but shall be limited to reasonable combination of operations,
i.e.: In designing a structure with more than one maintenance load, consideration shall be limited to one crane
or trolley load.
In designing skeleton frame-type structures, maintenance loads shall be combined with reduced wind effects,
i.e. 50% wind.

9 Concrete Structure
9.1 Materials
All structural concrete shall be min. CLASS C30/37, with a characteristic cube compressive strength of 37MPa
after twenty-eight (28) days, except where otherwise specified herein or on the design drawings. Concrete
shall be in accordance with BS EN 1992, EN 206 and TS 13515.
Table 10: Proposed Concrete Grade
Concrete Grade
 Elevated structures  Precast • Blinding concrete Mass Concrete
Type of
 Piles (if any) Concrete (Used as foundation
structures • Mass Concrete
 Equipment Foundation Block for fence
(Fill only, not used
 Shallow foundation post)
as foundation
 Pavings and Duct banks
 Pits and Trenches
 Gate post foundation
Characteristic 37 MPa 45 MPa 15 MPa 25 MPa

Cube
(30Mpa Cylinder (35Mpa Cylinder (12Mpa Cylinder (20 Mpa Cylinder
compressive
Compressive Strength, Compressive Compressive Compressive
strength of
fck) Strength, fck) Strength, fck) Strength, fck)
concrete,
9.2 Reinforcing Steel

Reinforcement shall be deformed section bar Conforming to TS708 of reinforcement class S420 and
characteristic yield stress of 420 N/mm2 or approved equivalent.
9.3 Concrete Protection

The concrete surfaces shall have a coating as mentioned in project standard drawing General Notes for civil
Works, drawing No. PET-CVL-DWG-800390 (107250-000-CV-DWG-00009).
Concrete surface below finished grade level shall be coated with a proprietary or Bituminous coating to give a
total minimum dry thickness of 0.3 mm. the bituminous coating shall be an Emulsion with a solid content of
at least 55% of bitumen and also containing 10% of rubber latex compound. the coating shall overlap the
coating for concrete above FGL by 75mm.
Exposed concrete surfaces for a depth of 150mm below finished grade level and 500mm above or to the
underside of base plate, whichever is the lowest, shall be primed with a low viscosity primer and coats of light
gray colored epoxy paint with a minimum thickness of 150 microns.

9.4 Grout
The equipment base plates and structural steel base plates shall be placed on grouts with top of grout
flushed to base plate bottom.
Details of grout are mentioned below,

 Non-Shrink Grout
a) Type G1
Proprietary Non-shrink grout, Master Builders (BASF) “Master flow 648 CP”, or FOSROC
“CONBEXTRA HF”, or approved equal shall be used for steel structures, Towers, Vessels, small
Pumps and all Non vibrating machinery. Minimum compressive strength shall be 75N/mm2.
b) Type G2
Epoxy-resin free flow grout, Master Builders (BASF) “Master flow 410”, or FOSROC
“CONBEXTRA EP 75” or approved equal shall be used for compressor, other heavy equipment
subject to vibrations and column bearing plates of heavy structures. Minimum compressive
strength shall be 95N/mm2 or as per Vendor’s requirement.
 Application for Grouting of Steel Structures and Stationary Equipment: -
a) Grout thickness shall be minimum 25mm but shall not exceed 50mm.
b) The edge of the grout shall be provided with a chamfer of approximately 25mm
Special grouting thickness shall be as per vendor requirement or recommendation unless otherwise
noted. All grout shall be applied as per vendor’s instructions.
9.5 Anchor Bolt

Anchor bolts shall be used to transfer loads from equipment and structure bases to foundation.
The minimum size for Anchor Bolt shall be 16mm. Anchor bolts shall be of grade 4.6. Bolts and nuts shall
conform to BS 4190 or approved equivalent.
Anchor Bolts and nuts shall be hot-dipped galvanized in accordance with BS EN ISO 10684. Refer standard
drawing PET-CVL-DWG-800711 for details of anchor bolts.
Expansion anchor bolts shall be HILTI or equivalent.
9.6 Insert Plate

Inset plate shall be embedded in RCC Members to connect steel items (Beams, Bracings etc.) to support steel
structures or piping on/from RCC.
Insert plates shall conform to BS EN ISO 10025 grade S275J0 (or equivalent as minimum). Insert plates shall
be Painted as per system no-1 Conforming to doc. no. PET-CTG-SPE-800512.
9.7 General Concrete Design Requirement

 All concrete structures and foundations shall be designed and detailed in accordance with BS
EN 1992.

 Concrete structures shall be designed for the loads and load combinations specified in
Appendix A of this specification. Factored load combinations shall be used for design and un-
factored load combinations for serviceability and deflection check.
 Crack Width Control shall be in accordance with EN 1992 “Design of concrete structures”.
 Minimum Grout thickness below base plates of steel structure shall be 25 mm unless specified
otherwise.
 The minimum clear cover to reinforcement shall be 30mm for Roof slab and roof beams,
50mm for other concrete conforming to EN 1992. Refer per project standard drawing General
Notes for civil Works, drawing No. PET-CVL-DWG-800390 (107250-000-CV-DWG-00009), for
details.
10 Foundations
Foundation design criteria and related soil parameters are described in this section. Grading and earthwork
shall be done in accordance with project specification for paving, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800188 and
project specification for earthworks, document no. 107250-000-CV-STD-00002.
10.1 Geotechnical Data

Soil data shall be considered as per Final Geotechnical Interpretative and Engineering Recommendations
Report Document No. PET-SUR-REP-804101 (107250-000-CV-REP-00001-0000).
10.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity
Allowable Bearing Capacity of Foundations placed on filled-up soil and other areas shall be based on
recommendations provided in Final Geotechnical Interpretative and Engineering Recommendations Report
Document No. PET-SUR-REP-804101 (107250-000-CV-REP-00001-0000).
10.3 Soil Parameters

Soil parameters as per Final Geotechnical Interpretative and Engineering Recommendations Report Document
No. PET-SUR-REP-804101 (107250-000-CV-REP-00001-0000).
10.4 Stability Requirements

Stability of foundations shall be checked with un-factored load combinations.
Overturning: The factor of safety against overturning shall be as follows:
 Greater than or equal to 1.5 for erection or test condition
 Greater than or equal to 1.5 for empty or operating condition
 Greater than or equal to 1.2 for Blast load condition
Buoyancy: Where required, a safety factor of not less than 1.2 shall be provided against buoyancy.
Sliding: The factor of safety against sliding due to frictional resistance shall be equal to, or greater than, 1.5.
Note: For un-factored load combinations of erection case, weight of soil will be ignored in calculating factor of
safety against overturning / buoyancy / sliding. For other un-factored load combinations, the weight of soil

superimposed over foundations shall be used in computing the resisting moment/Buoyancy or sliding
resistance.
10.5 Foundation Design Criteria

Refer to section 9.0 of this document for general structural concrete design specification to be followed. In
addition to the above applicable criteria, foundation design shall include the following requirements:
 Allowable bearing capacity and other soil parameters shall be as per described in section 10.2 and
10.3.
 A layer of lean concrete shall be placed under all cast-in-situ foundations. Minimum thickness of
lean concrete shall be 50 mm and shall extend 50 mm beyond the foundation edge. Precast
concrete shall be placed directly on compacted sub-base without lean concrete, unless
otherwise recommended in Final Geotechnical Interpretative and Engineering
Recommendations Report Document No. PET-SUR-REP-804101 (107250-000-CV-REP-00001-
0000).
 Concrete protection for foundations shall be provided as per project standard drawings.
 Permissible foundation settlement:
a. Total post-construction settlement (Immediate + Consolidation) for individual concrete
foundations shall not exceed 25 mm.
b. Allowable settlements of tank foundations shall be as recommended in geotechnical
investigation report and as acceptable to Piping design.
 Elevations & Levels: Minimum elevations of concrete, paving, floors and plinths for steelwork and
equipment shall be as follows:
a. Plant Datum level shall be the Finished Grade Level (FGL). All levels on the drawings shall be
in metres with respect to the Plant Datum level.
b. High Point of Paving (HPP) shall be 50 mm above finished grade level (FGL) unless noted
otherwise.
c. Underside of base plate elevation for major steelwork including pipe-bridges, equipment
supports etc. shall be a minimum of 200 mm above HPP or FGL (as applicable)
d. Underside of skid elevation for skid foundations shall be a minimum of 200 mm above HPP or
FGL (as applicable)
e. Minor Pipe supports, trunnion supports, electrical/ instrument/ telecom equipment supports,
ladder supports, stair stringer supports from paved area shall be have under side of base
plate at a level of HPP+150.
f. Underside of base plate elevation for reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, and vertical vessels
shall be a minimum of 200 mm above HPP or FGL (as applicable).
 Major foundation includes buildings, shelter, major/critical equipment, column, tank, large diameter
pipe supports, valve support and rest shall be considered as minor foundations.
 The founding depth for major foundations shall be based on the geotechnical report.
 Minimum dimension of the shorter side of the foundation shall be 300 mm.
 Anchor bolts shall be positioned within the reinforcing bar cage. Generally, anchor bolts shall be
installed before concrete is cast.

In certain circumstances where anchor bolts are not required to withstand significant tension forces, pockets
may be provided in the foundation and anchor bolts installed later. Pockets shall be filled with non-shrink
grout. Minor structures may be fixed by HILTI or equivalent anchor fastener or insert plate.
10.6 Transformer Bases

Transformer shall be supported on RCC foundation with anchor bolts as suggested in the vendor drawing.
Type of Transformers selected in the project do not required any oil/water containment surrounding the
transformer foundation
Requirement of sunshades over equipment shall be verified from Mechanical, Piping and HSE to fulfil
necessary functional requirement. Requirement of Fire-Protection to be as per safety requirement.
10.7 Horizontal Vessels / Exchangers

Foundation for horizontal vessels shall be designed for direct loads, plus horizontal forces due to wind, pipe
thrusts and thermal forces induced by friction at vessel base plate. Foundation for exchangers shall be
designed for these forces with any additional forces due to bundle pull. When exchangers are located on
structures, the supports shall be designed for vertical and horizontal forces. The horizontal force acting on
members supporting exchangers and horizontal vessels shall be applied as follows:
a. The friction force at the free end of vessel due to thermal is applied at both fixed and
free end.
b. Any external thermal force is applied directly to the fixed end.
Both supports will be designed as for the fixed end.
Refer to drainage philosophy (PET-PSE-PHL-801191) and specification for drainage system (PET-CVL-SPE-
800185) for requirements and details of containment and draining plan of various vessels/storage tanks
inside RT.
11 Steel Structures
11.1 Materials (Structural Steel and Bolts)
Generally, materials are as follows:
a. All structural steel sections and plates shall conform to BS EN 10025 grade S355J0 (or
equivalent).
b. Secondary structures (for fences, gratings, chequered plates, platform bracing, handrails,
ladders) shall be of minimum steel grade S235J0 conforming to BS EN 10025 or equivalent.
c. Crane runway beams and monorails shall be of minimum steel grade S275J0 conforming to
BS EN 10025 or equivalent.
d. Section thickness limitation shall be verified as per EN 1993-1-10:2005. Required change in
grade or verification through Charpy impact test to be specified accordingly. As a general
guideline to use in the project at -15.8oC, the below table may be followed:

Thickness Accepted Grade Remarks
To be selected as per a to c
≤35mm S235J0, S275J0, S355J0
above
To be selected as per a to c
>35mm; ≤50 mm S235J0, S275J2, S355J2
above
>50mm Refer EN 1993-1-10
e. Structural sections (UB, UC, PFC) shall conform to BS EN codes (Profiles and Channels –
BS EN 10365, Angles – BS EN 10056). Structural hollow sections shall conform to BS EN
10210.
f. Structural steel pipe sections shall conform to BS EN 10210 – Part 1 and 2 or Equivalent.
g. High strength bolts shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 898 Grade 8.8 or
Equivalent. Bolts, nuts and washers shall comply with EN ISO 0898 Class 8 or approved
equivalent.
h. Flooring shall be open grid, serrated bars of 30mm deep x 5 mm thick hot-dip
galvanised rectangular type welded steel grating at locations indicated in the design
drawings. Bearing bars shall be spaced at 30mm c/c for Type-1 grating and 25mm c/c
for Type-2 grating. Type-2 grating shall be used for flooring located above a place where
people are working on frequent basis as per section 4.2.4.5 EN ISO 14122-2. Applicable
grating types shall be mentioned in design drawings. For grating details refer project
standard drawing for grating, document no. PET-CVL-DWG-800709 (107250-000-CV-STD-
00014).
i. Chequered plate flooring / covering at locations indicated in the design drawings shall be
6 mm O/P raised angular pattern rolled on to one surface, material conforming to BS EN
10025 grade S355J0 or equivalent. Chequered plates shall be galvanized conforming to
BS EN ISO 1461.
11.2 Design Conditions
All steel structures and connections shall be designed in accordance with EN 1993 (EC3) unless
otherwise specified. Properties of structural steel to be considered in design shall be as follows:

Table 11: Grade of structural steel
Thickness less than or equal Design strength fy

Steel Grade
to (mm) (N/mm2)
S 355 Gr 16 355
S 355 Gr 40 345
S 355 Gr 63 335
S 355 Gr 80 325
S 355 Gr 100 315
S 355 Gr 150 295
Young’s Modulus, Es = 205000 N/mm2

Poisson’s ratio, ν= 0.3
Density of steel, γs = 78.5 kN/m3
Coefficient of thermal expansion, αs = 1.2x10-5 /ºC
Steel structures shall be designed for the loads and load combinations specified in appendix A of this
specification. Steel structures shall be designed as braced structures wherever practicable. Structural steelwork
shall be shop fabricated, shipped to site and erected using bolted connections.
Minor structures like small grade mounted platforms, pipe supports, equipment mounted platforms on
horizontal vessels etc. may be fully or partially shop welded. Items such as platforms, railing, ladders, ladder
safety cages, and stairways, which are furnished as a regular part of proprietary or standardised equipment,
may be in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's standards. However, the design of such items shall
comply with all applicable national codes, safety laws, building codes and local ordinances.
All column and angle posts shall have milled (machined) ends for full bearing at splices and base plates.
Floor levels shall be to the top of steel or concrete flooring unless noted otherwise on the drawings. Solid plate
and open grid flooring shall not be considered as offering lateral restraint to steel beams. The type of flooring,
location, extent and direction of span shall be clearly indicated on the drawings.
Hand railing shall be made removable in places where required for maintenance purposes and indicated on
the arrangement drawings.
11.3 Types of Construction and Bracing

Structures shall be designed and detailed having regarded to ease of construction and construction sequence.
Site connections shall be bolted wherever possible. Erection canopies and scaffolding will not be supported
from steelwork.
All structural steelwork shall be designed to withstand the maximum stresses resulting from all the loads or
forces which are likely to occur simultaneously. Pipe-rack and Stanchion bases generally shall be of pin type
philosophy.

11.4 Minimum Sizes of Structural Members
The thickness of all plates and gussets shall not be less than 8 mm for major connections (Bracing connections,
Moment connections and shear connections). The thickness of all cap plates shall not be less than 10 mm. In
any structural steelwork connection, a minimum of 2 (two) bolts shall be provided.
11.5 Deflections
Horizontal elements of all structural frames shall be designed for the following vertical deflection criteria
(Serviceability Design Consideration):
Table 12: Deflection Criteria

Operating Condition L/360
Test Condition L/200
Crane, Girders and Runway Beams L/600
Cantilevers L/180 at free end
Purlins L/240
Beams supporting plant machinery and other similar equipment
containing rotating parts, unless otherwise specified by the
L/750
manufacturer or stress group, in which case they will receive special
consideration.
Differential deflection at crane rail (BS EN 1993-6:2007) 3 mm
The maximum total horizontal deflection of portal frame construction due to all loads except thermal forces
shall be as follows:
a. Pipe-racks and equipment structures: H/200
The maximum deflection of flooring shall not exceed L/360.
Where, L= Span Length and H= Height of the Structure
Due consideration shall be taken of the deflection limitations laid down in the relevant contract specification
for overhead cranes.
11.6 Connections
Generally, connections shall be simple shear connections. Where moment connection is required for stability,
fully restrained connections shall be used. High strength bolted joints shall be bearing type connections with
bolt threads included in the shear planes. Nominal stresses for high strength bolts shall be considered as per
EN1993-1-8: 2005. Shop connections shall be welded and field connections shall be bolted. Field welds shall
be avoided as far as practicable. All bolts shall be fully threaded.
For high strength bolts, two hardened washers per assembly shall be provided for connections with slotted
holes.
The diameter of bolt holes shall be as per the standard nominal hole dimensions as per EN1993-1-8: 2005
unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Minimum diameter of bolt for main members shall be 20 mm, for

secondary members shall be 16 mm and 12 mm bolt shall be used for miscellaneous connections (e.g.
Handrail).
The bracing connections at the end of tension and compression members shall be designed for the force due
to the design load, but not less than 50% of the effective strength of the member. X-bracing members shall
be designed to carry only tension loads and assumed to buckle if placed in compression.
11.7 Fire Proofing

Basis of design for fire proofing is given in doc no. PET-HSE-PHL-800684 (107250-000-HA-PHL-00001) - Design
Philosophy -fire safety and Protection and Safety distances are mentioned in doc no. 107250-000-HA-REP-
00001 (PET-HSE-REP-800685) -Vent stack and safety Distances-Calculation Repot.
11.8 Painting and Coating

Painting shall be done in accordance with document no. Doc. No – PET-CTG-SPE-800512 (107250-000-RA-
SPE-00002) – Specification for thermal insulation and coating and Doc No. ITF-MDG-SPE-210192 – Technical
requirement of insulation and coating (RT).
11.9 Ladders
 Multiple stage ladders shall be staggered at least every 6 m.
 Starting at minimum 2.2 m and maximum 2.7 m from the base of ladder, all ladders shall be
provided with safety cages. The safety cage shall extend 1 m above the top of the ladder and
the distance from the rungs to the back of the cage shall not exceed 780 mm.
 Headroom clearance under cages shall be minimum 2300 mm from grade or platform level.
 Where an intermediate ladder on tower is positioned at an extreme edge of a platform, ladder
shall be made with side steps. All ladders shall be side step unless otherwise specified.
 Self-closing safety gates shall be provided across the top of the ladder.
 For ladder details refer project standard drawing for ladders, drawing no. 107250-000-CV-
STD-00018 (PET-CVL-DWG-800714).
12 Drainage and Underground Services

For design requirements of drainage refer specification for drainage systems, document number PET-CVL-
SPE-800185 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00002).
13 Paving and Joints

For details of paving and joints refer specification for paving, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800188.Grading and
earthwork shall be done in accordance with project specification for paving, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-
800188 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00005) and project specification for Site Preparation, document no. PET-CVL-
SPE-800184 (107250-000-CV-STD-00002)

14 Roads
Roads within RT and new access roads (PR81 and PR82) are covered by this design basis document. Roads
shall be design as per AASHTO HS20 loading and project specification for roads, document no. PET-CVL-SPE-
800189 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00006).
Strengthening of other access roads shall be done based on the CBR value and requirement to transfer
construction vehicles and the heaviest equipment (Maximum weight, including vehicle, of 125MT) to the plant.
15 Road Crossings
Road crossing detail for UG pipes and electrical/Instrument/Telecom lines shall be as per Project Specification
for Drainage System document no. PET-CVL-SPE-800185 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00002).
16 Fence and Gate

Fences and gates shall be provided as per Project specification for fence and gate, document no. PET-CVL-
SPE-800186 and project standard drawing for fence and gates, drawing no. PET-CVL-DWG-800388 and 389.
17 Building/Shelter Design
For design detail and construction requirements, refer to project specifications for building, document number
PET-CVL-SPE-800781 (107250-000-CV-SPE-00008).

Appendix A - Load Combinations
Table 13: Applicable Load Combinations (1)
Seis Snow Pipe Pipe
mic load Ther Fricti
Perma Acciden Local
Load Variable Temp Wind Test Load mal on
nent tal Check
Comb Action Load Load Load
Action Load Load (8)
DL + 1.5 1.35 1.5 x

1.35 1.5
LL+SL 0.6
DL + LL 1.5 x 1.5 1.35 1.5 x
+ Temp+ 1.35 1.5 0.6 = 0.6=
SL 0.9 0.9
DL + LL 1.5 x 1.35 1.5 x
+ Temp+ 1.35 1.0 = 1.5 0.6=
SL 1.50 0.9
DL + LL 1.5 1.35
1.5 x 1.5 x
+SL+
1.35 1.5 0.6 = 0.5 =
Temp +
0.9 0.75
Wind
DL + LL 1.5 x 1.5 1.35
+ Temp 1.35 1.5 0.6 =
+ Wind 0.9
DL + LL 1.5 1.35
1.5 x 1.5 x
+SL+
1.35 0.7 = 0.6 = 1.5
Temp +
1.05 0.9
Wind
DL + LL 1.5 1.35
1.5 x 1.5 x
+SL+
1.35 0.7 = 0.6 =
Temp +
1.05 0.9
Wind
1.5 x
DL + LL
0.6 =
+ Test 1.35 1.5 1.35
0.9
+wind (5)
DL + LL
1.0 x
+ Temp 1.0 1.0
0.8=0.8
+ Acc.
1.35 1.5 x
x2 0.6 x
DL +
(alon 2
Local 1.35 1.50 1.5 1.35
g (alon
Check
pipe) g
pipe)
(For load components, see also subsection 8.1)

DL = Dead Load, LL = Live Load, SL = Snow Load, Temp = Temperature
Notes:

1) The load combinations given above shall be regarded as supplementary to those required by the local
codes. The most stringent requirement shall govern.
2) The most unfavourable load combination shall be considered.
3) Live load shall be considered only when this is an unfavourable case.
4) Structures should not be designed for blast-design load, earthquake and wind load occurring
simultaneously.
5) Only 50% wind load shall be considered.
6) Wind load on equipment shall include an allowance for piping and platforms. In case the data is not
given on mechanical data sheet, the design diameter shall be increased as mentioned in Section 8.1.10.
7) Soil loads, fluid loads and differential settlement loads shall be taken as permanent loads.
8) The load factors pertaining to seismic design for structures shall be on case to case basis as per EN
1998 requirements.


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Revision History

Rev Date of Issue Issue Reason Description of Change

Page/Section Description of Hold

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Figure 1-1 TurkStream Project Definition

3 Definitions, Abbreviations & Acronyms

3.1 Abbreviation and Acronyms

E/I Electrical / Instrumentation

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

4 Key Design Parameters

European Committee code for the project

Basic wind velocity: 33 m/s

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

5.1 Project Documents

Table 2: Project Documents

5.2 Project Standard Drawings

Table 3: Project Standard Drawings

5.3 Codes and standards

Table 4: Codes and standards

S/N Code, Specifications Descriptions

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Design of concrete structures (Eurocode 2)

Design of steel structures (Eurocode 3)

Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures (Eurocode 4)

Design of Masonry Structures (Eurocode 6)

Geotechnical design (Eurocode 7)

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Design of structures for earthquake resistance (Eurocode 8)

Design of aluminium structures

10 TEC-2007 Specification for Buildings to be Built in Seismic Zones

11 BS EN 10025 Hot Rolled Product of Non Alloy Structural Steels

Hot Finished Structural Hollow Sections of Non-Alloy and Fine Grain

Execution of Special Geotechnical Work – Bored Piles

Steel for the reinforcement of concrete – Wieldable reinforcing steel -

17 BS EN 206 Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity

18 BS 4190 ISO metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts–Specification

19 TS 13515 Complementary standard for the application of EN 206

5.4 Contract Documents

Table 5: Contract Documents

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

[Refer to typical details for grating: PET-CVL-DWG-800709 (107250-000-CV-STD-00014)]

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

8.1.3 HVAC Equipment Load

Library and filing rooms 5.0 kPa (5.0 kN/m2) 2.0kN

UPS/ Battery rooms, Electrical/ Switchgear room,

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Workshop Building 10 kPa (10 kN/m2)

8.1.5 Impact Load

8.1.6 Operating Load

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

8.1.9 Thermal Load

Table 7: Friction Coefficient

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Refer to section 7.1 of this document & section 4.0 of BS EN 1991-1-4.

 Shape Increase Factors

Vessel Diameter (m) Increase Factor

 Supported Equipment, Ladders, and Stairs

Title: CIVIL & STRUCTURAL DESIGN BASIS

Z(m) Iv(z) Co(z) Cr(z) Ce(z) Wind Peak Velocity

8.1.11 Dynamic or Vibration Loads