SRAN15.0 NR UL and DL Decoupling&LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing Delivery Guide v0.1

SRAN15.
0 UL and DL
Decoupling&LTE FDD and NR
Uplink Spectrum Sharing Delivery
Guide
Issue
Date
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Review Record
Review Record
Prepared by He Ning (employe ID: Date 2018-06-15

Prepared by 00190260), Fu Xia (employee Date
ID: 00372341)
Reviewed by Gu Feng (employee ID: Date 2018-07-01
Reviewed by 00217054), Huang Ansheng Date
(employee ID: 00381070)
Reviewed by Xu Jian (employee ID: Date 2018-07-01
Reviewed by 00239676) Date
Approved Date yyyy-mm-dd
By Date
Granted by
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Change History
Change History
Date Revisi CR Modi Change Description Author

on ID / fied
Versio Def Sectio
n ect n
ID
2018-XX- 1.00 Completed the draft. He Ning

XX (employee
ID:
00190260)
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
List of abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Name
NR New Radio
SUL Supplementary Uplink
eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Contents
Contents
Review Record..................................................................................................................................ii
Change History...............................................................................................................................iii
Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................iv
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application Scenario......................................................................................................................................................3
2.2.1 Target Scenario............................................................................................................................................................3
2.2.2 SUL Spectrum.............................................................................................................................................................3
2.3 Solution Values...............................................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Solution Introduction......................................................................................................................................................5
2.4.1 UL and DL Decoupling...............................................................................................................................................5
2.4.1.1 Random Access........................................................................................................................................................5
2.4.1.2 Power Control...........................................................................................................................................................6
2.4.1.3 Scheduling................................................................................................................................................................7
2.4.1.4 SRS Switching..........................................................................................................................................................8
2.4.1.5 Link Management.....................................................................................................................................................9
2.4.1.6 Mobility Management............................................................................................................................................10
2.4.2 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing............................................................................................................11
2.5 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling.............................................................................................14
2.5.1 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling..........................................................................................14
2.5.2 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL Decoupling............................................................................14
2.5.2.1 NR C-band..............................................................................................................................................................14
2.5.2.2 NR SUL Frequency Band.......................................................................................................................................15
2.5.2.3 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL Decoupling.........................................................................15
2.6 Feature Gains and Performance Impacts......................................................................................................................17
2.6.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling.....................................................................................................................17
2.6.2 MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (LTE FDD) and MRFD-131263 LTE and NR Uplink
Spectrum Sharing (NR)......................................................................................................................................................17
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2.7 Deployment Requirements...........................................................................................................................................18

2.7.1 Feature Positioning....................................................................................................................................................18
2.7.2 Related Features........................................................................................................................................................18
2.7.2.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling..................................................................................................................18
2.7.2.2 MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (LTE FDD) and MRFD-131263 LTE and NR
Uplink Spectrum Sharing (NR)..........................................................................................................................................18
2.7.3 Feature Specifications...............................................................................................................................................20
2.7.4 Terminal Mapping.....................................................................................................................................................21
2.7.5 Hardware Capability..................................................................................................................................................22
2.7.6 Networking Requirements.........................................................................................................................................24
2.8 Project Delivery Process...............................................................................................................................................29
3 Deployment Evaluation.............................................................................................................30
3.1 Mutually Exclusive Software Feature Check...............................................................................................................30
3.2 Deployment Site Selection...........................................................................................................................................30
3.3 Hardware Resource Check...........................................................................................................................................31
3.3.1 Main Control Board and Baseband Board Check and Planning...............................................................................31
3.3.2 RF Module Check and Planning................................................................................................................................32
3.4 Networking Solution Evaluation..................................................................................................................................33
4 Solution Design...........................................................................................................................34
4.1 Non-SUL and SUL Co-coverage Planning...................................................................................................................34
4.2 Site Densification Planning..........................................................................................................................................35
4.3 Decoupling Threshold Planning...................................................................................................................................36
4.4 LTE and NR Sharing Ratio Setting..............................................................................................................................36
4.5 NR SUL Scrambling Code Planning............................................................................................................................36
4.6 NR Non-SUL PCI Planning.........................................................................................................................................36
5 Solution Implementation...........................................................................................................37
5.1 Site Reconstruction.......................................................................................................................................................37
5.1.1 Hardware Reconstruction of Main Control Board and Baseband Board..................................................................37
5.1.2 RF Hardware Reconstruction....................................................................................................................................37
5.2 Feature Activation........................................................................................................................................................38
5.2.1 License Preparation...................................................................................................................................................38
5.2.2 Data Preparation........................................................................................................................................................38
5.2.2.1 eNodeB Data Preparation.......................................................................................................................................38
5.2.2.2 gNodeB Data Preparation.......................................................................................................................................39
5.2.3 Using MML Commands............................................................................................................................................41
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5.2.3.1 Parameter Configuration on the eNodeB side........................................................................................................41

5.2.3.2 Parameter Configuration on the gNodeB side........................................................................................................42
5.2.4 Batch Activation........................................................................................................................................................43
5.2.5 Cell Status Management............................................................................................................................................43
5.3 Activation Observation and Performance Monitoring.................................................................................................45
5.3.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling.....................................................................................................................45
5.3.2 MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (LTE FDD)...............................................................45
5.3.3 MRFD-131263 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (NR).........................................................................46
6 Network Performance Optimization.......................................................................................47

7 Cases of UL and DL Decoupling..............................................................................................48
7.1 Summary of UL and DL Decoupling Projects..............................................................................................................48
7.2 IMT-2020......................................................................................................................................................................54
7.3 Hangzhou Branch of China Mobile..............................................................................................................................54
7.4 Shenzhen Branch of China Telecom............................................................................................................................59
8 FAQ................................................................................................................................................60
9 Glossary.........................................................................................................................................62
10 Reference Documents...............................................................................................................63
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 About This DocumentAbout This Document
1 About This Document
1.1 Scope
1.2 Intended Audience
1.1 Scope
This document describes the UL and DL decoupling solution, including the following
features: If the product solution is updated in the future, this document will be updated
accordingly.
Feature ID Feature Name
FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling

MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (LTE
MRFD-131263 FDD)
LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (NR)
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for pre-sales, service, maintenance, and test personnel. It describes
how to deliver UL and DL Decoupling and LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing
solutions in an end-to-end manner, including the contents that may be involved in the
expansion phase and delivery phase, as well as the usage of tools and related guides.
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NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 OverviewOverview
2 Overview
2.1 Background
2.2 Application Scenario
2.3 Solution Values
2.4 Solution Introduction
2.5 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling
2.6 Feature Gains and Performance Impacts
2.7 Deployment Requirements
2.8 Project Delivery Process
2.1 Background
The C-band TDD system boasts a large bandwidth and is regarded as the gold frequency band
for 5G Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services. A vast majority of global operators
have selected C-band as the preferential 5G frequency band. Downlink coverage is better than
uplink coverage on C-band TDD system due to large downlink transmit power of the gNodeB
and disproportion in uplink and downlink timeslot allocations of NR. The limited uplink
coverage has become a key technology bottleneck for deploying 5G network. The application
of technologies such as beamforming and cell-specific reference signal (CRS)-Free reduces
downlink interference and further increases the difference between C-band TDD system
uplink and downlink coverage.
UL and DL Decoupling defines new paired spectrum, with C-band for downlink transmission
and a sub-3 GHz band (for example, 1800 MHz) for uplink transmission, thereby improving
C-band uplink coverage.
UL and DL Decoupling breaks the traditional mode in which the GSM/UMTS/LTE cell has
only one downlink carrier and one uplink carrier. The NR cell can have one downlink carrier
(C-band TDD downlink carrier) and two uplink carriers: one C-band TDD uplink carrier and
one sub-3 GHz band supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier.
When the UE is in the center of a cell enabled with UL and DL Decoupling, the uplink carrier
coverage capability of the C-band TDD system can meet the user experience or service rate

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requirement. In this case, the UE uses both the uplink and downlink carriers of the C-band
TDD system. When the UE is at the edge of the cell, the uplink carrier coverage capability of
the C-band TDD system cannot meet the user experience or service rate requirement. In this
case, the UE uses the downlink carrier of the C-band TDD system and the SUL carrier (sub-3
GHz band).
2.2 Application Scenario

2.2.1 Target Scenario
UL and DL Decoupling applies to scenarios where the inter-site distance on the live network
is large and new sites need to be added on the live network to meet the requirements for the
target uplink and downlink rates of the NR network. In this scenario, UL and DL Decoupling
enables downlink data transmission on the C-band and uplink data transmission on the C-band
or SUL band. This enhances the C-band uplink coverage capability, reduces the number of
sites to be added to the 5G network, and lowers the NR network construction costs.
When the inter-site distance on the live network is small and the NR C-band can meet the
target uplink and downlink rates of the NR network, UL and DL Decoupling does not need to
be used to improve the NR C-band uplink coverage.
2.2.2 SUL Spectrum

The SUL spectrum can be statically configured or obtained via LTE FDD and NR uplink
spectrum sharing.
In densely populated urban areas on the live network, the ratio of LTE FDD uplink PRB usage
to downlink PRB usage is about 1:3. The difference between the uplink PRB usage and
downlink PRB usage in hotspot areas is greater.
If preallocation is enabled in the uplink, the uplink PRB usage occupied will decrease by
20%–50%, and the ratio of the uplink PRB usage to downlink PRB usage will decrease to 1:4.

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FDD uplink and downlink PRB usage imbalance on the live network provides technical
feasibility for LTE and NR uplink spectrum sharing.
The NR sub-3G SUL spectrum required for UL and DL Decoupling can be obtained via LTE
and NR uplink spectrum sharing.
For details about the technical principles of LTE and NR uplink spectrum sharing, see section
"LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing."

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2.3 Solution Values

UL and DL Decoupling improves the NR uplink coverage and expands the downlink
performance. It also reduces the number of sites to be deployed and the costs.
The LTE and NR uplink spectrum sharing provides SUL uplink spectrum, improving network
stickiness.
2.4 Solution Introduction

2.4.1 UL and DL Decoupling
In the UL and DL Decoupling solution, after SUL carriers are introduced to NR cells, UEs can
use the normal uplink (C-band uplink) or SUL (sub-3G) carrier for uplink data transmission.
NR cells enabled with UL and DL Decoupling are different from common NR cells in terms
of random access, power control, scheduling, uplink link management, and mobility
management.
2.4.1.1 Random Access

Random access must be performed before a UE can establish communication with the
network. During random access, the UE sends an access request to the gNodeB and then the
gNodeB responds to the request and allocates a random access channel (RACH). After
random access, the UE achieves uplink synchronization with the network and obtains
dedicated resources for data transmission.
In SRAN13.1, UL and DL Decoupling supports the NSA networking
In NSA networking, UEs camp on an LTE cell first. When the network side initiates an SCG
addition procedure, if a UE is located in the uplink restricted coverage area of C-band, the UE
needs to initiate random access on the SUL. The access process is as follows:
1. The UE sends a preamble sequence to the gNodeB.
In NSA networking, if the measurement result of C-band downlink reference signal
received power (RSRP) reported by the UE is lower than the NRCellSul.RsrpThld
parameter configured on the network side, the gNodeB sends an RRC reconfiguration
message which contains SUL carrier PRACH access configurations to the UE via the
eNodeB. The gNodeB instructs the UE to initiate random access on the SUL carrier.
2. The gNodeB sends a random access response (RAR) to the UE.
Upon receiving the preamble, the gNodeB selects a temporary cell RNTI (C-RNTI) and
applies for uplink and downlink resources. The gNodeB sends an RAR on the Downlink
Synchronization Channel (DL-SCH). The RAR carries the following information: RA-
preamble identifier, Timing Alignment information, initial UL grant, and Temporary C-
RNTI. In addition, the downlink beam of RA response is selected based on the Beam ID
reported in the measurement report. One DL-SCH can carry RAR to multiple UEs.
After sending the preamble, the UE monitors the PDCCH within the RAR window until it
receives the RAR.
 If the RAR includes the same RA-preamble identifier as that the UE sent, the UE
considers the response successful and performs uplink data transmission.

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 If the UE does not receive a response within the RAR window or the received response
fails in a verification, the UE considers the response unsuccessful. If the number of
random access attempts has not reached the maximum value, the UE can make another
random access attempt; otherwise, the random access procedure fails.
The procedure is as follows:
2.4.1.2 Power Control

In the uplink and downlink decoupling solution, the power control principle of each uplink
channel on the SUL carrier is the same as that of the NR high frequency uplink power control.
The difference lies in path loss estimation. The SUL is not paired with a downlink carrier, and
therefore the path loss of the SUL carrier is estimated based on a carrier working on a
downlink high frequency band. The path loss estimated in such a way is greater than the
actual path loss. As a result, UEs use a high uplink transmit power during the random access
on the SUL carrier, which increases the uplink interference.
In the UL and DL Decoupling solution, the gNodeB adjusts the following values based on the
path loss difference between the SUL and high frequency downlink:
 P0_pre: initial power of preambles expected by the gNodeB
 P0_PUCCH: initial power of PUCCHs expected by the gNodeB
 P0_PUSCH: initial power of PUSCHs expected by the gNodeB

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2.4.1.3 Scheduling
Scheduling in NR is a process of dynamically allocating uplink and downlink time-frequency
resources among UEs for transmission and reception over shared channels.
In the UL and DL Decoupling scenario, the uplink data transmission may be carried on the C-
band or sub-3 GHz band, and the downlink scheduling is still the same as that of the C-band.
Therefore;
 C-band cells have both uplink scheduling and downlink scheduling.
 The SUL has only uplink scheduling.
The channel resources are as follows:
 PDCCHs: Only C-band has PDCCH resources. Therefore, both SUL and C-band UL
need to apply for DCI downlink resources from C-band PDCCHs.
 PUCCHs: Both the uplink SUL and the C-band UL have PUCCH resources. According
to 3GPP specifications, if a user selects a carrier in the uplink, the PUCCH data is
transmitted on the corresponding carrier.
 PUSCHs: Both uplink SUL and C-band UL have PUSCH resources. According to 3GPP
specifications, UEs can be configured with two PUSCH resources at the same time. The
network side uses DCI to instruct UEs to transmit data on SUL or C-band UL.
 SRSs: SRS resources need to be configured on both the 3.5 GHz and 1.8 GHz. SRS
transmission is performed in two cells in SRS switching mode. For details, see section
"SRS Switching."
Frame Structure
In SRAN13.1, the frame structures of C-band and SUL are different.
 The structure of C-band frames is as follows:
− In TDD mode, the subframe configuration is DDDSU.
− The subcarrier spacing is 30 kHz.
− The subframe (TTI) length is 0.5 ms.
 The structure of the SUL frame is as follows:
− On the SUL carrier, all subframes are uplink subframes.
− The subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz.
− The subframe length is 1 ms.
Time Sequence in Scheduling

The subcarrier spacing of C-band differs from that of the sub-3 GHz band, and the gNodeB
must consider the different time sequence requirements of these two bands. In the 18B
version, the subcarrier spacing of C-band is 30 kHz, and that of a sub-3 GHz band is 15 kHz.
The ratio of transmission time intervals (TTIs) of C-band to TTIs of the sub-3 GHz band is
2:1, as shown in the following figure:

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According to 3GPP specifications, the uplink scheduling time sequence (UL Grant) is N+k2,
and the HARQ time sequence of downlink data transmission is N+k1.
Inter-Carrier Scheduling
In UL and DL Decoupling, the uplink transmission is carried on the SUL, and the downlink
transmission is still carried on C-band. Therefore, the PDCCH resources for uplink data
transmission still need to be applied for in the 3.5 GHz cell, allocated, and delivered over the
air interface.
The network side sends an inter-carrier scheduling indication to the UE, indicating the SUL
resources allocated to the UE and time sequence N+k2. When the UE receives an UL Grant
message from the gNodeB in subframe N over C-band, it sends uplink data in subframe N+k2
over the sub-3 GHz band corresponding to C-band.
Except that the PDCCH resource allocation needs to interact with C-band, the other SUL
scheduling procedures are the same as those of the conventional FDD uplink scheduling
procedures.
Cross-Carrier Feedback Time Sequence

When UL and DL Decoupling is enabled, the UE transmits the ACK/NACK feedback of DL
data in the N+k1 subframe. When the UE receives DL data from the gNodeB in subframe N
over C-band, it sends the ACK/NACK to the gNodeB via the subframe over the sub-3 GHz
band that corresponds to the N+k1 subframe over C-band.
Inter-Carrier Feedback
In SRAN13.1, the NR SUL uses the long PUCCH format.
2.4.1.4 SRS Switching

The SUL and C-band uplink support independent SRS configuration.
 In an area where the C-band uplink coverage is not restricted, uplink and downlink data
are both transmitted on the C-band. Therefore, SRS scheduling and transmission on C-
band are the same as those in the conventional TDD.
 In the C-band uplink restricted area, the PRACHs, PUSCHs, and PUCCHs are
transmitted on the SUL. In addition, to ensure the downlink beamforming performance
gain of the C-band downlink, the UE still needs to send the SRSs on the C-band uplink.
The following figure shows the details.

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2.4.1.5 Link Management
Uplink Link Selection

UEs camp on an LTE network in NSA networking. In dual connectivity operation, the
network side configures a gNodeB as the secondary cell group (SCG) for a UE and instructs
the UE to initiate random access on the NR network. For UEs supporting UL and DL
Decoupling, the network side selects the NR uplink or SUL carrier for the UE and notifies the
UE of the uplink carrier by an RRC reconfiguration message.
The network side selects the NR UL or NR SUL carrier based on the RSRP of the NR cell
reported by the UE. Details are as follows:
 If the RSRP of the NR cell is greater than NRCellSul.RsrpThld, the UE is in an area
with good NR UL coverage, and the network side instructs the UE to initiate random
access on the NR UL carrier The gNodeB delivers A2 measurement. The RSRP threshold
for A2 measurement is specified by the NRCellSul.RsrpThld parameter.
 If the RSRP of an NR cell is smaller than NRCellSul.RsrpThld, the UE is in an area
with weak NR uplink coverage or without NR uplink coverage. In this scenario, the
network side instructs the UE to initiate random access on the NR SUL carrier. The
gNodeB delivers A1 measurement. The RSRP threshold for A1 measurement is specified
by the NRCellSul.RsrpThld parameter.
The uplink carrier selection procedure is as follows:
1. In dual connectivity operation, the eNodeB sends inter-RAT measurement configurations
(event B1) to the UE, instructing the UE to measure the quality of NR cells served by a
certain gNodeB.
2. After receiving an inter-RAT measurement report from the UE, the eNodeB forwards the
RSRP of the NR cell to the gNodeB. The gNodeB selects an UL carrier for the UE based
on UL carrier selection rules.
3. The gNodeB sends an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE via the eNodeB. This
message indicates the selected uplink carrier.
4. The UE initiates random access on the indicated uplink carrier.
Uplink Link Change

When a UE with dual connections moves in an NR cell, the UL carrier changes as the
coverage area of the NR UL carrier differs from that of the NR SUL carrier. The network side

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determines whether a UL carrier change is required based on the RSRP of the NR cell
measured by the UE. Details are as follows:
 When the UE's UL data transmission is carried on the NR UL carrier, if the RSRP of the
NR cell is smaller than NRCellSul.RsrpThld minus Hyst (A2 measurement event), the
network side instructs the UE to switch to the NR SUL carrier.
 When the UE's UL data transmission is carried on the NR SUL carrier, if the RSRP of
the NR cell is greater than NRCellSul.RsrpThld plus Hyst (A1 measurement event), the
network side instructs the UE to switch to the NR UL carrier.
Note: The current hysteresis is set to 1 dB, and is not configurable.
The uplink carrier change procedure is as follows:
1. After the initial access, the NR base station sends the A1/A2 event measurement control
message to the UE.
a. When the UE's uplink data transmission is carried on the NR uplink carrier, the
gNodeB sends event A2-related measurement configurations to the UE.
b. When the UE's uplink data transmission is carried on the NR SUL carrier, the
gNodeB sends A1-related measurement configurations to the UE.
2. After receiving an event A1/A2 report from the UE, the gNodeB instructs the UE to
change the UL carrier by means of an RRC reconfiguration message according to UL
carrier change rules.
2.4.1.6 Mobility Management

Master cell group (MCG) mobility management applies to the case where the serving eNodeB
changes during UEs' mobility. SCG mobility management applies to the case where the
serving eNodeB remains the same but the serving gNodeB changes during UEs' mobility.
MCG Mobility Management

 If the original eNodeB serves as the master base station and a gNodeB serves as the
secondary base station, the target eNodeB adds the original gNodeB as the SCG during
the eNodeB change. The original gNodeB sends an RRC reconfiguration message
(transparently transmitted via the original eNodeB) to the UE, indicating the uplink link
used by the UE before the eNodeB change. The UE then initiates random access on the
indicated uplink link.
 If the original eNodeB is not associated with a secondary gNodeB, the communication
between the gNodeB and UE is disconnected, and the UE is transferred to a target LTE
cell. Then, a target NR cell is added as an SCG. If the target NR cell supports UL and DL
Decoupling, the network side instructs the UE to initiate random access on the NR
uplink or NR SUL carrier. For details, see section "Link Management".
SCG Mobility Management

The eNodeB releases the connection with the original gNodeB, and adds a target gNodeB as
the SCG. If the target NR cell supports this feature, the network side instructs the UE to
initiate random access in the NR UL or NR SUL.

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2.4.2 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing

Technical Principles
During the early stages of New Radio (NR) deployment, no dedicated sub-3 GHz spectrum
was available for NR. Consequently, the uplink coverage of NR networks was limited. LTE
FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing allows LTE and NR to share LTE uplink spectrum
when the uplink load of LTE networks is low. When this function is enabled, UL and DL
Decoupling can be used to establish NR supplementary uplink (SUL) cells on the shared sub-
3 GHz spectrum. Uplink spectrum sharing improves NR uplink coverage. For details about
SUL cells, see section 6.9 "Supplementary Uplink" in 3GPP TS 38.300 (V15.0.0). For details
about UL and DL Decoupling, see UL and DL Decoupling. This function can only be used in
15 MHz and 20 MHz LTE FDD cells operating on the 1800 MHz frequency band.
When this function is enabled, the uplink physical channel resources are scheduled as follows:
 Sounding reference signals (SRSs): Spectrum is dynamically shared between LTE and
NR in the time domain via negotiation. The dynamic spectrum sharing is implemented
based on the traffic volumes of LTE and NR networks.
 Physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs), physical random access channels
(PRACHs), and physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs): LTE and NR statically share
the spectrum based on a pre-configured percentage. They each allocate only their own
spectrum to PUCCHs, PRACHs, and PUSCHs. Details are as follows:
− LTE PUCCHs occupy symmetrical RBs at the two ends of the bandwidth. The start
position of PUCCHs at the lower end and the end position of PUCCHs at the upper
end are fixed. The specific start and end positions are described in Table 1.1. The
number of RBs occupied by LTE PUCCHs is specified by parameter configurations.
For details, see the descriptions of PUCCHs in Physical Channel Resource
Management. In this function, LTE PUCCHs can occupy a maximum of 16 RBs. If
the number of RBs occupied by LTE PUCCHs exceeds this value, SRSs may be
interfered and network performance may be affected.
Table 1.1 Start and end positions of LTE PUCCHs

Bandwidth Start RB Index at the End RB Index at the Upper
Lower End End
15 MHz 2 72
20 MHz 1 98
Assume that 6 RBs are configured for LTE PUCCHs in 15 MHz bandwidth
scenarios. Then, LTE PUCCHs occupy RBs with indexes 2 to 7 at the lower end,
and occupy RBs with indexes 67 to 72 at the upper end.
− LTE PRACHs always occupy 6 RBs. The frequency-domain position of LTE
PRACHs is adjacent to that of LTE PUCCHs at the lower end.
− Fixed spectrum is reserved for NR PUCCHs.
− NR PRACHs occupy 6 RBs. The frequency-domain start position of NR PRACHs
is configured by the NRDUCellPrach.PrachFreqStartPosition parameter.
NR PRACHs must be configured adjacent to LTE PUCCHs at the upper end. For
example, if LTE PUCCHs occupy RBs with indexes 69 to 72 at the upper end in a
15 MHz cell, the NRDUCellPrach.PrachFreqStartPosition parameter must be set

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to 65 so that NR PRACHs occupy RBs with indexes 65 to 70. LTE PUCCHs and
NR PRACHs must be configured together. For detailed configuration suggestions,
see Data Preparation.
 In 15 MHz bandwidth scenarios, NR can use 79 RBs, with the RB indexes ranging from 0 to 78;
LTE can use 75 RBs, with the RB indexes ranging from 0 to 74. Therefore, the RB index deviation
between NR and LTE is 2. Specifically, the index of a certain RB on the NR side equals the index on
the LTE side plus two.
 In 20 MHz bandwidth scenarios, NR can use 106 RBs, with the RB indexes ranging from 0 to 105;
LTE can use 100 RBs, with the RB indexes ranging from 0 to 99. Therefore, the RB index deviation
between NR and LTE is 3. Specifically, the index of a certain RB on the NR side equals the index on
the LTE side plus three.
 The remaining spectrum is occupied by LTE and NR PUSCHs.
Function Configuration
This function must be enabled and configured on both the LTE and NR sides.
 On the LTE side, select the LTE_NR_UPLINK_SPECTRUM_SHR option of the
SpectrumCloud.SpectrumCloudSwitch parameter to enable this function. In addition,
perform the following configurations:
− Add spectrum sharing cells to a spectrum sharing cell group by configuring the
SpectrumCloud.LocalCellId and SpectrumCloud.LteNrSpectrumShrCellGrpId
parameters.
− Configure the percentage of uplink spectrum allocated to NR and LTE and NR co-
carrier co-CPRI data switch via the
LteNrSpctShrCellGrp.RateOfUlSpectrumAllocToNr and
LteNrSpctShrCellGrp.LteNrCoCarrCoCpriDataSw parameters. The
LteNrSpctShrCellGrp.LteNrCoCarrCoCpriDataSw parameter can be set to ON
only when LTE and NR share the same CPRI fiber optic cables. When this
parameter is set to ON, the requirements on RRU carrier specifications and on the
CPRI bandwidth are reduced.
The actual percentage of uplink spectrum allocated to NR slightly differs from the
parameter setting, and can be calculated using the following formula:
Actual percentage of uplink spectrum allocated to NR = (Number of RBs occupied
by NR PUCCHs + Number of RBs occupied by NR PRACHs + Number of RBs
occupied by NR PUSCHs)/Total number of shared RBs = (Total number of shared
RBs – Number of RBs occupied by LTE PUCCHs – Number of RBs occupied by
LTE PRACHs – Number of RBs occupied by LTE PUSCHs)/Total number of
shared RBs
To ensure the provisioning of basic services on the LTE and NR networks, the
following requirements must be met:
가 The number of RBs occupied by LTE PUCCHs must be greater than or equal
to 4. LTE PRACHs always occupy 6 RBs. Therefore, LTE must have at least
10 RBs.
나 The number of in-band RBs occupied by NR PUCCHs must be equal to four
(in 15 MHz bandwidth scenarios) or two (in 20 MHz bandwidth scenarios).
NR PRACHs always occupy 6 RBs. That is, a 15 MHz NR cell occupies at
least 10 in-band RBs, and a 20 MHz NR cell occupies at least 8 in-band RBs.
Table 1.1 summarizes the mapping relationship between the configured percentage
of uplink spectrum allocated to NR and the actual value.

Copyright © Huawei
Table 1.1 Mapping relationship between the configured percentage of uplink spectrum allocated
to NR and the actual value
Ban Configured Actual Percentage of Description
dwi Percentage of Uplink Uplink Spectrum
dth Spectrum Allocated Allocated to NR
to NR
15 Configured percentage < 14% (10 RBs) When the number of RBs
MH 14% (10 RBs) configured for NR is less
z than 10, 10 RBs are
allocated to NR.
14% ≤ Configured Same as the configured When the number of RBs
percentage ≤ 87% (65 percentage configured for NR is from
RBs) 10 to 65, the number of
RBs allocated to NR is the
same as the configured
value.
Configured percentage > 87% When the number of RBs
87% configured for NR is
greater than 65, 65 RBs are
allocated to NR because
LTE occupies at least 10
RBs.
20 Configured percentage < 8% When the number of RBs
MH 8% (8 RBs) configured for NR is less
z than 8, 8 RBs are allocated
to NR.
8% ≤ Configured Same as the configured When the number of RBs
percentage ≤ 90% (90 percentage configured for NR is from 8
RBs) to 90, the number of RBs
allocated to NR is the same
as the configured value.
Configured percentage > 90% When the number of RBs
90% configured for NR is
greater than 90, 90 RBs are
allocated to NR because
LTE occupies at least 10
RBs.
 On the NR side, select the LTE_NR_UL_SPECTRUM_SHARING_SW option of the

NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.SpectrumCloudSwitch parameter to enable this function. In
addition, perform the following configurations:
− Add spectrum sharing cells to a spectrum sharing cell group by configuring the
NRDUCellSpctCloud.NrDuCellId and
NRDUCellSpctCloud.NrSpctShrCellGrpId parameters.
− Configure the association between the LTE spectrum sharing cell group and the NR
spectrum sharing cell group via the

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gNBDULteNrSpctShrCg.NrSpctShrCellGrpId and
gNBDULteNrSpctShrCg.LteSpctShrCellGrpId parameters.
2.5 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling

2.5.1 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling
In 3GPP R15, the UL and DL Decoupling protocol framework, key technologies, and basic
procedures have basically been completed.
The definition of related RF counters of terminals and IE definition of related procedures has
been completed in June, 2018.
2.5.2 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL

Decoupling
2.5.2.1 NR C-band
In 3GPP R15 specifications, the two NR TDD bands n78 and n79 support UL and DL
Decoupling.
Duplex Mode Frequency Band Frequency Range

No.
NR TDD n78 3.3 – 3.8 GHz
n79 4.4 – 5.0 GHz

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The NR n78 includes 3.5 GHz frequency band (LTE Band42 and 3400 MHz~3600 MHz) and 3.7 GHz
frequency band (LTE Band43, 3600 MHz~3800 MHz).
The NR n79 includes 4.9 GHz frequency band (4800 MHz~5000 MHz).
2.5.2.2 NR SUL Frequency Band

In 3GPP R15 specifications, the following NR SUL frequency bands can be used for UL and
DL Decoupling.
Duplex Mode Frequency Band Frequency Range Remarks

No.
NR SUL n80 1710–1785 MHz 1.8 GHz
frequency band
n81 880–915 MHz 900 MHz
frequency band
n82 832–862 MHz 800 MHz
frequency band
n83 703–748 MHz 700 MHz
frequency band
n84 1920–1980 MHz 2.1 GHz
frequency band
n85 2496–2690 MHz 2.6 GHz
frequency band
n86 1710–1780 MHz AWS frequency
band
The n85 corresponds to the 2.6 GHz frequency band. This frequency band has been deleted from the
3GPP R15 specifications and is no longer used as the NR SUL frequency band.
That is, UL and DL Decoupling does not support the 2.6 GHz frequency band.
2.5.2.3 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL Decoupling

In 3GPP R15 specifications:
 Standalone scenario
− The n78 (corresponding to the 3.5 GHz frequency band) can be combined with six
frequency bands (700 MHz/800 MHz/900 MHz/1.8 GHz/2.1 GHz/AWS) to form an
UL and DL Decoupling frequency band combination.
− The n79 (corresponding to the 3.5 GHz frequency band) can be combined with two
frequency bands (900 MHz/1.8 GHz) to form an UL and DL Decoupling frequency
band combination.
 Non-standalone two frequency band scenario (In this scenario, the LTE anchor frequency
band of the NSA DC solution is the same as the UL and DL Decoupling NR SUL
frequency band.)

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− The n78 (corresponding to the 3.5 GHz frequency band) can be combined with six
frequency bands (700 MHz/800 MHz/900 MHz/1.8 GHz/2.1 GHz/AWS) to form an
UL and DL Decoupling frequency band combination.
− The n79 (corresponding to the 3.5 GHz frequency band) can be combined with two
frequency bands (900 MHz/1.8 GHz) to form an UL and DL Decoupling frequency
band combination.
 Non-standalone three frequency band scenario (In this scenario, the LTE anchor
frequency band of the NSA DC solution is the not the same as the UL and DL
Decoupling NR SUL frequency band.)
− Currently, only the n78 (corresponding to the 3.5 GHz frequency band) supports
this scenario.
− Currently, there are only two UL and DL Decoupling frequency band combinations
in the NSA three frequency band scenario (see the following table).
Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL Decoupling
SA (n78) NR n78 + NR n80 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_1800 MHz)
NR n78 + NR n81 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_900 MHz)
NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_800 MHz)
NR n78 + NR n83 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_700 MHz)
NR n78 + NR n84 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_2100 MHz)
NR n78 + NR n86 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8 GHz +
SUL_AWS)
SA (n79) NR n79 + NR n80 (SUL) NR (4.4~5.0 GHz +
SUL_1800 MHz)
NR n79 + NR n81 (SUL) NR (4.4~5.0 GHz +
SUL_900 MHz)
NSA two frequency bands LTE Band 3 + [NR n78 + LTE 1800 MHz + NR
(n78) NR n80 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_1800
MHz)
LTE Band 8 + [NR n78 + LTE 900 MHz + NR
NR n81 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_900
MHz)
NR n82 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_800
MHz)
NR n83 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_700
MHz)

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NR n84 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_2100
MHz)
LTE Band 66 + [NR n78 + LTE AWS + NR (3.3~3.8
NR n86 (SUL)] GHz + SUL_AWS)
NSA two frequency bands LTE Band 3 + [NR n79 + LTE 1800 MHz + NR
(n79) NR n80 (SUL)] (4.4~5.0 GHz + SUL_1800
MHz)
NR n81 (SUL)] (4.4~5.0 GHz + SUL_900
MHz)
NSA three frequency bands LTE Band 3 + [NR n78 + LTE 1800 MHz + NR
(n78) NR n82 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_800
MHz)
NR n83 (SUL)] (3.3~3.8 GHz + SUL_700
MHz)
2.6 Feature Gains and Performance Impacts

2.6.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling
 Increased number of UEs admitted to NR cells
This feature expands the uplink coverage of NR cells and allows more UEs to be
admitted to NR cells.
 Improved NR cell throughput
This feature improves the throughput of NR cells.
2.6.2 MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing

(LTE FDD) and MRFD-131263 LTE and NR Uplink Spectrum
Sharing (NR)
Table 1.2 Impact of LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing on LTE performance
LTE Uplink PRB 25% Sharing 50% Sharing 66% Sharing
Usage
15% LTE user perceived LTE user perceived LTE user perceived
throughput: ~-10% throughput: ~-30% throughput: ~-45%
30% LTE user perceived LTE user perceived LTE user perceived
throughput: ~-22% throughput: ~-70% throughput: ~-85%

Copyright © Huawei
Note:
 The user perceived throughput in a cell is closely related to the traffic model. Traffic
models vary with sites and cells. The data in the preceding table is for reference only
rather than for the acceptance criterion.
 When a 10 MHz bandwidth is shared in the 15 MHz bandwidth scenario (66%
bandwidth is shared), the impact on the LTE rates is equivalent to the extra sharing of
50% bandwidth after a 30% bandwidth is already shared.
 In the 30% PRB usage scenario, 2/3 of the original resources are shared. That is, the
bandwidth decreases by 2/3, and the PRB usage changes to 90%. Therefore, the
deterioration is severe.
2.7 Deployment Requirements

2.7.1 Feature Positioning
Feature ID Feature Name Feature Positioning
FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling SRAN15.0 (19A): trial

MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink SRAN15.0 (19A): trial,
MRFD-131263 Spectrum Sharing (LTE FDD) LTE/NR uplink static spectrum
LTE FDD and NR Uplink sharing
Spectrum Sharing (NR)
2.7.2 Related Features

2.7.2.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling
Prerequisite feature: The SUL spectrum is obtained from the LTE/NR uplink spectrum sharing
and requires the MRFD-131263 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (NR). The SUL
independent spectrum (not involving LTE/NR uplink spectrum sharing) scenario has no
prerequisite features.
Mutually exclusive features: none
2.7.2.2 MRFD-131223 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (LTE

FDD) and MRFD-131263 LTE and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing (NR)
LTE
Table 1.1 Prerequisite functions on the LTE side

Function Name Function Switch Reference Descripti
on
SRS configuration SrsCfg.FddSrsCfgMod Physical Channel Set this

mode e Resource Management parameter
to

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Function Name Function Switch Reference Descripti

on
Physical Channel DEFAULT

Resource Management MODE.
PUCCH resource PucchSwitch option of Physical Channel Deselect
adjustment the Resource Management this option.
CellAlgoSwitch.Pucch Physical Channel That is,
AlgoSwitch parameter Resource Management PUCCH
resources
are
statically
configured.
PRACH frequency RachCfg.PrachFreqOf Random Access Set this
offset strategy fsetStrategy Control parameter
Random Access to
Control FULLY_A
UTOMAT
IC.
Table 1.2 Mutually exclusive functions on the LTE side

Function Name Function Switch Reference
SFN Cell Cell.MultiRruCellMode SFN

SFN
High Speed Mobility Cell.highSpeedFlag High Speed Mobility
Ultra High Speed Cell.highSpeedFlag High Speed Mobility
Mobility
Compact Bandwidth Cell.CustomizedBandWidthCf Compact Bandwidth (FDD)
gInd
GSM and LTE FDD CellAlgoSwitch.DynSpectrum GSM and LTE FDD
Dynamic Spectrum ShareSwitch Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
Sharing
GSM and LTE Spectrum SpectrumCloud.SpectrumClo GSM and LTE Spectrum
Concurrency udSwitch Concurrency
Flexible Bandwidth DdCellGroup.DdBandWidth Flexible Bandwidth based
Based on Overlap on Overlap Carriers (FDD)
Carriers
GSM and LTE Zero GLZeroBufferZoneSwitch GSM and LTE Zero
Bufferzone option of the Bufferzone
CellAlgoSwitch.DynSpectrum
ShareSwitch parameter
GSM and LTE Buffer AvoidGeranInterfSwitch GSM and LTE Buffer Zone
Zone Optimization option of the Optimization

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Function Name Function Switch Reference
CellAlgoSwitch.AvoidInterfSw
itch parameter
UL Refarming Zero AvoidUtranInterfSwitch UL Refarming Zero
Bufferzone option of this Bufferzone
itch parameter
UMTS and LTE Zero UMTS_LTE_ZERO_BUFFE UMTS and LTE Zero
Bufferzone R_ZONE_SW option of the Bufferzone
ULZeroBufferzone.ZeroBufZ
oneSwitch parameter
UMTS and LTE UL_SPECTRUM_SHARING UMTS and LTE Spectrum
Spectrum Sharing option of the Sharing
SpectrumCloud.SpectrumClo
udSwitch parameter
CDMA and LTE Zero AvoidCDMAInterfSwitch CDMA and LTE Zero
Bufferzone option of the Bufferzone
itch parameter
RAN Sharing with EnodeBSharingMode.EnodeB RAN Sharing
Common Carrier SharingMode RAN Sharing
RAN Sharing with EnodeBSharingMode.EnodeB
Dedicated Carrier SharingMode
Hybrid RAN Sharing EnodeBSharingMode.EnodeB
SharingMode
eMTC Introduction EMTC_SWITCH option of the eMTC
CellEmtcAlgo.EmtcAlgoSwitc eMTC
h parameter
NB-IoT Network Prb.DeployMode NB-IoT Basics (FDD)
Deployment
UL CRA UL_COORD_RES_ALLOC_ Uplink Coordinated
SWITCH option of the Scheduling
UlCsAlgoPara.UlCsSw Uplink Coordinated
parameter Scheduling
UL CPC UL_COORD_PC_SWITCH
option of the
UlCsAlgoPara.UlCsSw
parameter
Coordinated Scheduling CspcAlgoPara.CspcAlgoSwitc CSPC
based Power Control h CSPC

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NR
None
2.7.3 Feature Specifications

The specifications of the SRAN15.0 (19A) UL and DL Decoupling are described in the
following table.
SUL frequency N80 (1800 MHz) and N84 (2100 MHz)

band
SUL subcarrier 15KHz
spacing
SUL bandwidth 15 MHz and 20 MHz
SUL antenna 2R and 4R
specifications
C-band N78 (3300 MHz – 3800 MHz) and N79 (4400 MHz – 5000 MHz)
frequency band
C-band 30Khz
subcarrier
spacing
C-band 40 MHz/60 MHz/80 MHz/100 MHz
bandwidth
C-band antenna 64TRX (N78/N79) and 32TRX/8TRX (N78)
specifications
C-band timeslot 4_1_DDDSU, and 8_2_DDDDDDDSUU~2
allocation
Decoupling N78+N80, N79+N80, N78+N84
frequency band
combination
NR networking NSA
architecture
NR base station BBU and CloudRAN
type Micro base stations do not support this feature.
2.7.4 Terminal Mapping

C-band SUL T CP
U E
E
Frequ Band Numb Subfr Subca Fre Ba Nu Su Su Nu Nu
ency width er of ame rrier que nd mb bfr bca m mb
Band TRs Confi Spaci ncy wi er am rrie be er

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gurati ng Ba dth of e r r of
on nd TR Co Sp of TR
s nfi aci T s
gur ng Rs
ati
on
Co N78 40/60/ 8T8R/ 4:1/8: 30 N8 10/ 2R/ - 15 2T 1T
m 80/10 32T32 2 kHz 0 15/ 4R kH /1
bi 0 R/64T 20 z T
nat MHz 64R M
io Hz
n
1:
Co N78 40/60/ 8T8R/ 4:1/8: 30 N8 10 2R - 15 2T
m 80/10 32T32 2 kHz 2 M kH /1
bi 0 R/64T Hz z T
nat MHz 64R
io
n
2:
Co N78 40/60/ 8T8R/ 4:1/8: 30 N8 10 2R - 15 2T
m 80/10 32T32 2 kHz 3 M kH /1
bi 0 R/64T Hz z T
nat MHz 64R
io
n
3:
Co N78 40/60/ 8T8R/ 4:1/8: 30 N8 15/ 2R/ - 15 2T 1T
m 80/10 32T32 2 kHz 4 20 4R kH /1
bi 0 R/64T M z T
nat MHz 64R Hz
io
n
4:
Co N79 40/60/ 64T64 4:1/8: 30 N8 10/ 2R/ - 15 2T 1T
m 80/10 R 2 kHz 0 15/ 4R kH /1
bi 0 20 z T
nat MHz M
io Hz
n
5:
2.7.5 Hardware Capability

The following table lists the hardware support capabilities of UL and DL decoupling in
SRAN15.0.

Copyright © Huawei
Category 19A Support Range Remarks

SUL RF Platform Kunlun, Wuyi, and V3 blade RMT decides that V3 needs
platforms to apply to RMT for
supporting 5G.
Baseband board NR: UBBPfw1
Main control board NR: UMPTe
In SRAN15.0, the UL and DL Decoupling SUL supports the RF modules listed in the
following table.
Module Name Platform Fr TR Int Intended Customer

eq ro
ue du
nc ce
y d
Ba in
nd
RRU3939 V3Blade 1. 2T2 19 Global, three tier-1 operators in
8 R A China
G
RRU3971 Kunlun H 4T4 18 Global, three tier-1 operators in
z R B China
RRU5901 Wuyi 4T4 18 Global
R B
RRU5904 Wuyi 4T4 19 Global
R A
RRU5501 Wuyi Dua 18 Global
l- B
freq
uen
cy
4T4
R
RRU3959 Kunlun 2T2 18 Global
R B
RRU3632 Kunlun 2T4 18 China
R B
RRU3962 Kunlun 2T4 19 Global
R A
RRU5905 Wuyi 2T2 19 Global, China
R A
RRU3951 Kunlun 4T4 18 China Mobile
R B

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RRU3938 V3Blade 2T2 19 China Mobile module

R A
RRU3938 V3Blade 2T2 19 Global
R A
RRU5502 Wuyi Dua 19 Global, China
l- A
freq
uen
cy
4T4
R
RRU5704 Wuyi 4T4 19 China Mobile
R A
RRU5909 Wuyi 2T2 19 Global (02311PPP), China
R A (02311PPN)
RRU3971a Wuyi 4T4 19 Global (02312CFA)
R A
RRU3959a Wuyi 2T2 19 Global (02312CFB)
R A

Base Station Models

 LTE: 3900 or 5900 series base stations
 NR: 5900 series base stations
Boards
 LTE
− Baseband processing board: UBBPd and UBBPe
− Main control board: UMPTa, UMPTb, and UMPTe
 NR
− Baseband processing board: UBBPfw1
− Main control board: UMPTe
RF Modules
LTE and NR must share the same RF module. The RRU3959, RRU3971, RRU5901,
RRU3939, RRU5904, RRU5704, RRU5501, RRU5502, RRU3962, RRU5905, RRU3938,
RRU5909, RRU3971a, and RRU3959a support this function.

Copyright © Huawei
Cells
LTE and NR cells must work on a 15 MHz or 20 MHz bandwidth, and the antenna TX/RX
mode must be 2T2R, 2T4R, or 4T4R. This function does not support sector splitting cells or
combined cells.
2.7.6 Networking Requirements

The following table describes the SRAN15.0 UL and DL Decoupling deployment
requirements.
Category Deployment Requirements
SUL carrier The total bandwidth of the shared carrier between LTE and NR SUL
bandwidth is 15 MHz or 20 MHz.
PRB usage of LTE The uplink PRB usage of the LTE cells is less than 30% (The caliber
cells is to be reviewed).
Quality C-band AAUs and SUL RRUs are deployed in the same sector in 1:1
requirement for mode. The horizontal azimuth planning of the two is the same, and
antenna the azimuth deviation of engineering installation is within ±5 degrees.
installation
NR PCI planning During NR PCI planning, the PCI mod 30 of the NR decoupling cell
is different from that of the neighboring uplink intra-frequency LTE
cell.
During LTE PCI replanning, the PCI mod 30 of the LTE cell is
different from that of the uplink intra-frequency NR decoupling cell.
Inventory network If there are GSM/UMTS carriers on the RRU where the SUL carrier
upgrade on the sub-3 GHz frequency band is located, the GSM/UMTS system
needs to be upgraded to the latest version so that the RRU can support
the multi-mode configuration of the NR SUL.

In separate-MPT intra-BBU and inter-BBU scenarios, this function requires a dual star or
CPRI MUX topology. In co-MPT intra-BBU and inter-BBU scenarios, this function requires a
load sharing or CPRI MUX topology.
 Intra-BBU dual star topology: LTE and NR share a BBU5900, but the LTE and NR
baseband processing boards are connected to an RRU through different fiber optic
cables, as shown in Figure 1.1.

Copyright © Huawei
Figure 1.1 Intra-BBU dual-star topology
 Intra-BBU CPRI MUX topology: LTE and NR share a BBU5900, and only the LTE
baseband processing board is connected directly to the RRU through a fiber optic cable,
as shown in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2 Intra-BBU CPRI MUX topology
 Inter-BBU dual star topology: LTE and NR use different BBUs, and the LTE and NR
baseband processing boards are connected to an RRU through their own fiber optical
cables. The LTE and NR main control boards are connected through CI interconnection
cables for clock mutual lock, as shown in Figure 1.3.
Figure 1.3 Inter-BBU dual star topology

Copyright © Huawei
 Inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology: LTE and NR are deployed on different BBUs, and only
the LTE baseband processing board is connected to an RRU through a fiber optic cable.
The LTE and NR baseband processing boards are connected through an HEI
interconnection cable for CPRI data transmission. The LTE and NR main control boards
are connected through a CI interconnection cable for clock mutual lock. Figure 1.4
shows the inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology.
Figure 1.4 Inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology
 Intra-BBU load sharing topology: LTE and NR share a BBU, and the LTE and NR
baseband processing boards are connected to an RRU through their own fiber optic
cables, as shown in Figure 1.5.
Figure 1.5 Intra-BBU load sharing topology
 Intra-BBU CPRI MUX topology: LTE and NR share a BBU, and only the LTE baseband
processing board is connected directly to an RRU through a fiber optic cable, as shown
in Figure 1.6.

Copyright © Huawei
Figure 1.6 Intra-BBU CPRI MUX topology
 Inter-BBU load sharing topology: LTE and NR are deployed on different BBUs, and the
LTE and NR baseband processing boards are connected to an RRU through their own
fiber optical cables. The LTE and NR main control boards are connected through a CI
interconnection cable for clock mutual lock. Figure 1.7 shows the inter-BBU load
sharing topology.
Figure 1.7 Inter-BBU load sharing topology
 Inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology: LTE and NR are deployed on different BBUs, and only
the LTE baseband processing board is connected to an RRU through a fiber optic cable.
The LTE and NR baseband processing boards are connected through an HEI
interconnection cable for CPRI data transmission. The LTE and NR main control boards
are connected through a CI interconnection cable for clock mutual lock. Figure 1.8
shows the inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology.

Copyright © Huawei
Figure 1.8 Inter-BBU CPRI MUX topology
2.8 Project Delivery Process

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Deployment EvaluationDeployment Evaluation
3 Deployment Evaluation
3.1 Mutually Exclusive Software Feature Check

3.2 Deployment Site Selection
3.3 Hardware Resource Check
3.4 Networking Solution Evaluation
3.1 Mutually Exclusive Software Feature Check

Purpose: LTE and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature has mutually exclusive features.
Based on the check results of the LTE FDD and Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature and its
mutually exclusive features, identify whether to enable the LTE FDD and NR Uplink
Spectrum Sharing feature on the live network. The LTE FDD Uplink Spectrum Sharing
feature can be enabled for the cell only when all of its mutually exclusive features are
disabled. Any of its mutually exclusive features can prohibit the feature to be enabled.
Input: Base station configuration files, including LTE and NR configuration files.
Output: The enabling status of each mutually exclusive feature and whether the LTE FDD
and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature can be enabled
3.2 Deployment Site Selection

Purpose: Before feature activation, perform network planning simulation to calculate the C-
band network coverage prior to the UL and DL decoupling. If the coverage meets network
construction standards, the UL and DL Decoupling feature does not need to be enabled. If not,
then evaluate the C-band and SUL network coverage after the feature is enabled. If the
coverage meets the network construction standards, it is recommended that the UL and DL
Decoupling feature be enabled for the site.
Principles
 Expected uplink and downlink rates of UEs at the edges of NR cells
Obtain the target rates for UEs at NR cell edges from operators, for example, 1 Mbit/s in
the uplink and 10 Mbit/s in the downlink.

Copyright © Huawei
 Obtain operators' spectrum information.

Obtain the LTE and NR spectrum information from operators, for example, LTE 1800
MHz 4T4R 20 MHz and NR 3.5 GHz 100 MHz.
 Obtain operators' site information.
Obtain the site information from operators, including the inter-site distance and the site
height.
 Obtain information about the live network usage of operators' LTE networks.
Obtain the uplink resource usage rates and interference status on the LTE live networks
from operators.
 Network planning/link budget
Based on the preceding information, identify whether the link budget meets the
networking requirements and whether the target edge rate can be achieved.
If the inter-site distance is short (for example, Japan) and the calculated link budget
indicates that its edge rate can meet the requirement, the UL and DL Decoupling is not
required.
If the inter-site distance is large (for example, Europe) and the calculated link budget
indicates that the edge rate cannot meet the requirements, it is recommended that the UL
and DL Decoupling be enabled.
Tools: WINS
Input: NR engineering parameter table, electronic map, polygon, propagation model, antenna
file, SUL information of UL and DL Decoupling (pairing group and threshold), uplink and
downlink edge throughput, and gains and presentation mode of UL and DL Decoupling
Output: Number of grids with uplink throughput gains of cells
3.3 Hardware Resource Check

3.3.1 Main Control Board and Baseband Board Check and
Planning
1. Obtain the hardware information on the live network by using the wireless network
hardware evaluation function of the Wireless Site Design (WSD).
Visit the following website and log in to the WSD: https://mbbcn.huawei.com/mbb/#/
On the homepage of WSD, choose Assessment > Wireless Site Design and use this
design function to restore the data on the live network. For details, see
Document&Download > Wireless Site Solution Design Operation Guide > Wireless
Site Design 1.0.3 User Operation Guide.
2. In the BTS Information sheet of the file exported from the WSD, check the main control
board type under BBU Info and determine whether the main control board supports the
LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature based on the feature requirements
for the main control board. If not, the main control board must be replaced with a main
control board supporting the feature.

Copyright © Huawei
3. In the BTS Information sheet of the file exported from the WSD, check the BBU board
type under BBU Info and determine whether the BBU boards support the LTE FDD and
Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature based on the feature requirements for the main control
board. If at least one of these boards supports this feature, the feature can be enabled on
the site. If none of these boards support this feature, the baseband boards must be
replaced with ones supporting this feature.
3.3.2 RF Module Check and Planning

1. Obtain the hardware information on the live network by using the wireless network
hardware evaluation function of the WSD.
Visit the following website and log in to the WSD: https://mbbcn.huawei.com/mbb/#/
On the homepage of WSD, choose Assessment > Wireless Site Design and use this
design function to restore the data on the live network. For details, see
Document&Download > Wireless Site Solution Design Operation Guide > Wireless
Site Design 1.0.3 User Operation Guide.
2. In the BTS Information sheet of the file exported from the WSD, check the RRU type
(value of the Type field) under RRU Info and determine whether the RF module supports
this feature based on the requirements for RF modules.

Copyright © Huawei
3.4 Networking Solution Evaluation

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Solution DesignSolution Design
4 Solution Design
4.1 Non-SUL and SUL Co-coverage Planning

4.2 Site Densification Planning
4.3 Decoupling Threshold Planning
4.4 LTE and NR Sharing Ratio Setting
4.5 NR SUL Scrambling Code Planning
4.6 NR Non-SUL PCI Planning
4.1 Non-SUL and SUL Co-coverage Planning

Purpose: LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing requires that LTE and NR cells share
the same RF modules. Before enabling the feature, perform LNR co-SDR check.
Input: LTE and NR engineering parameters, and base station data configuration (including
the eNodeB and gNodeB configuration files)
Output: Co-SDR LTE and NR cells
Check Procedure:
The following figure shows the detailed procedure.

Copyright © Huawei
Figure 1.9 Check co-SDR LTE and NR cells
This description on co-coverage check in this section is for reference of frontline personnel
only. The co-coverage check tool has been planned on the WINS platform and this section
will be updated after the tool is developed.
Purpose: The pairing relationship of UL and DL Decoupling is obtained based on the
engineering parameters between non-SUL and SUL.
Tools: WINS
Input: NR engineering parameter table, electronic map, polygon, propagation model, and
antenna file
Output: SUL information of UL and DL Decoupling (pairing group)
4.2 Site Densification Planning

To be planned

Copyright © Huawei
4.3 Decoupling Threshold Planning

Purpose: The UL and DL Decoupling selects uplink carriers between the non-SUL and
SUL based on the downlink RSRP threshold. Use tools to optimize the threshold.
Tools: WINS
Input: NR engineering parameter table, electronic map, polygon, propagation model, antenna
file, SUL information of UL and DL Decoupling (pairing group), and uplink and downlink
edge throughput
Output: Cell-level RSRP threshold
4.4 LTE and NR Sharing Ratio Setting

To be planned
4.5 NR SUL Scrambling Code Planning

To be planned
4.6 NR Non-SUL PCI Planning

To be planned

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Solution ImplementationSolution Implementation
5 Solution Implementation
5.1 Site Reconstruction

5.2 Feature Activation
5.3 Activation Observation and Performance Monitoring
5.1 Site Reconstruction

5.1.1 Hardware Reconstruction of Main Control Board and
Baseband Board
Purpose: Based on the hardware check and reconstruction solution of main control and
baseband boards, reconstruct the hardware of main control and baseband boards of the sites
that do not meet the deployment requirements.
Input: Hardware check results and reconstruction solution
Output: Reconstruction solution of main control and baseband boards that do not meet
deployment requirements. For details, see section "Risky Hardware Operations" in 3900
Series Base Station Product Documentation on the following URL:
http://support.huawei.com/hdx/hdx.do?
lib=DOC100035279731189423&lang=zh&v=03&tocLib=DOC100035279731189423&tocV
=03&id=dbs-2-20037&tocURL=resources%252fhert%252fdbs3900%252fdbs3900%252dmt
%252fdbs%252d2%252d20037%252ehtml&p=t&fe=1&ui=3&keyword=%25u4e3b
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%25u66f4%25u6362%253c%252ffont
%253eUMPT&docid=DOC1000352797&clientWidth=1879&browseTime=1495780518222
5.1.2 RF Hardware Reconstruction

Purpose: Based on the model of the RF modules deployed on the live network and the RF
module reconstruction solution, reconstruct the RF modules that do not meet the deployment
requirements.
Input: RF module check and planning results

Copyright © Huawei
Output: Reconstruction solution and related configurations of RF modules based on the

planning results
For details, see sections "Replacing an RRU" and "Adding RRUs" in RRU Hardware
Maintenance Guide on the following URL:
http://support.huawei.com/hdx/hdx.do?
lib=DOC100035279731189423&lang=zh&v=03&tocLib=DOC100035279731189423&tocV
=03&id=prru-2-02&tocURL=resources%252fhert%252fsmall%252dcell%252fprru
%252duser%252dguide%252fprru
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5.2 Feature Activation

5.2.1 License Preparation
There is no license for the trial feature.
5.2.2 Data Preparation

5.2.2.1 eNodeB Data Preparation
Data to be prepared for configuring the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum
Sharing feature on the eNodeB side
Table 1.1 Parameters for activating the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature on the
eNodeB side
Parameter Parameter ID Option Setting Notes
Name
Spectrum SpectrumCloud.Spectr LTE_NR_UPLINK Select the

Cloudification umCloudSwitch _SPECTRUM_SHR LTE_NR_UPLIN
Switch K_SPECTRUM_S
HR option of this
parameter.
Local Cell ID SpectrumCloud.Local N/A Set this parameter
CellId based on the
network plan.
LTE and NR LteNrSpctShrCellGrp. N/A Set this parameter
Spectrum Sharing LteNrSpectrumShrCell based on the
Cell Group ID GrpId network plan. The
value of this
parameter must be
the same as that of
the
gNBDULteNrSpct

Copyright © Huawei

Name
ShrCg.LteSpctShr
CellGrpId
parameter.
LTE and NR Co LteNrSpctShrCellGrp. N/A Set this parameter
Carrier Co CPRI LteNrCoCarrCoCpriD based on the
Data Switch ataSw network plan. This
parameter can be
set to ON only
when the LTE and
NR share the same
CPRI fiber optic
cables.
Rate of Uplink LteNrSpctShrCellGrp. N/A Set this parameter
Spectrum RateOfUlSpectrumAllo based on the
Allocated to NR cToNr network plan.
5.2.2.2 gNodeB Data Preparation
Data to be prepared for configuring the UL and DL Decoupling feature on the

gNodeB side
Table 1.1 Parameters for activating UL and DL Decoupling

Parameter Name Parameter ID Setting Notes
NR Uplink and NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UlDlDecoupli Set this parameter to ON

Downlink ngSwitch when UL and DL
Decoupling Decoupling is required.
Switch
NR DU Cell ID NRDuCell.NrDuCellId Set this parameter based on
the network plan.
Duplex Mode NRDuCell.DuplexMode Set this parameter to
CELL_SUL(SUL) for SUL
carriers.
Frequency Band NRDuCell.FrequencyBand Set this parameter based on
the operator's network plan.
For details, see section 5.2 in
3GPP TS 38.104 (V15.0.0).
Uplink Bandwidth NRDuCell.UlBandwidth Set this parameter based on
the network plan.
Uplink NARFCN NRDuCell.UlNarfcn Set this parameter based on
the operator's network plan.
For details, see section
5.4.2.3 in 3GPP TS 38.104

Copyright © Huawei
(V15.0.0).
Subcarrier NRDuCell.SubcarrierSpacing Set this parameter to
Spacing 30KHZ for non-SUL
carriers and to 15KHZ for
SUL carriers.
Slot Assignment NRDUCELL.SlotAssignment Set this parameter based on
the network plan.
NR DU Cell ID NRDuCellSul.NrDuCellId Set this parameter based on
the network plan.
SUL NR DU Cell NRDuCellSul.SulNrDuCellId Set this parameter based on
ID the network plan.
RSRP Threshold NRDuCellSul.RsrpThld The default value is
recommended.
Second Harmonic SEC_HARMONIC_INTRF_AVOID It is recommended that this
Interference _SW option of the option be selected when UL
Avoidance Switch NRDUCellSul.UlDlDecouplingAlgo and DL Decoupling is
Switch parameter enabled.
User Experience UL_CARR_SEL_FOR_UE_EXP_S It is recommended that this
Uplink Carrier W option of the option be selected when UL
Selection Switch NRCellAlgoSwitch.UlDlDecoupling and DL Decoupling is
AlgoSwitch parameter. enabled.
Table 1.2 Parameters for optimizing UL and DL Decoupling

RSRP Threshold NRDuCellSul.RsrpThl  When the NR uplink load is high, set

d this parameter to a large value to
enable more UEs to be carried on the
NR SUL carrier.
 When the NR SUL load is high, set this
parameter to a small value to enable
more UEs to be carried on the NR
uplink carrier.

Copyright © Huawei
Data to be prepared for configuring the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum
Sharing feature on the gNodeB side
Table 1.1 Parameters for activating the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing feature on the
gNodeB side
Name
Spectrum NRDuCellAlgoSwitch. LTE_NR_UL_SPEC Select the

Cloudification SpectrumCloudSwitch TRUM_SHARING_ LTE_NR_UL_SP
Switch SW ECTRUM_SHAR
ING_SW option
of this parameter.
NR DU Cell ID NRDUCellSpctCloud. N/A Set this parameter
NrDuCellId based on the
network plan.
NR Spectrum NRDUCellSpctCloud. N/A Set this parameter
Sharing Cell NrSpctShrCellGrpId based on the
Group ID network plan.
LTE Spectrum gNBDULteNrSpctShr N/A Set this parameter
Sharing Cell Cg.LteSpctShrCellGrpI based on the
Group ID d network plan. The
value of this
parameter must be
the same as that of
the
LteNrSpctShrCel
lGrp.LteNrSpectr
umShrCellGrpId
parameter.
NR Spectrum gNBDULteNrSpctShr N/A Set this parameter
Sharing Cell Cg.NrSpctShrCellGrpI based on the
Group ID d network plan.
Frame Offset gNodeBParam.Frame N/A Set this parameter
Offset based on the
network plan.
When the frame
offset is
configured for
LTE FDD
spectrum sharing
cells, the same
frame offset must
be configured on
the NR side.

Copyright © Huawei
5.2.3 Using MML Commands

5.2.3.1 Parameter Configuration on the eNodeB side
Configuration Examples of Activating the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum

Sharing Feature on the eNodeB Side
//Deactivating a cell (This operation is performed when the cell needs to be
deactivated prior to function activation.)
DEA CELL:LOCALCELLID=0;
//Turning on the LTE and NR uplink spectrum sharing switch and adding an LTE
spectrum sharing cell to a spectrum sharing group
ADD SPECTRUMCLOUD: LocalCellId=0, SpectrumCloudSwitch=LTE_NR_UPLINK_SPECTRUM_SHR,
LteNrSpectrumShrCellGrpId=0;
//Configuring the percentage of uplink spectrum allocated to NR and setting the
LTE and NR co-carrier co-CPRI data switch
ADD LTENRSPCTSHRCELLGRP: LteNrSpectrumShrCellGrpId=0,
RateOfUlSpectrumAllocToNr=40, LteNrCoCarrCoCpriDataSw=ON;
//Activating a cell (This operation is performed when the cell is deactivated
prior to function activation.)
ACT CELL: LOCALCELLID=0;
5.2.3.2 Parameter Configuration on the gNodeB side
Configuration Examples of Activating the UL and DL Decoupling Feature on the

gNodeB Side
Distributed unit (DU):
//Adding a TDD non-SUL cell as an NR local cell
ADD NRDUCELL: NrDuCellId=0, NrDuCellName="0", DuplexMode=CELL_TDD, CellId=0,
PhysicalCellId=0, FrequencyBand=N78, UlNarfcnConfigInd=NOT_CONFIG,
DlNarfcn=620000, UlBandwidth=CELL_BW_100M, DlBandwidth=CELL_BW_100M,
SubframeAssignment=SA5;
//Adding an SUL cell as an NR local cell
ADD NRDUCELL: NrDuCellId=1, NrDuCellName="1", DuplexMode=CELL_SUL,
FrequencyBand=N80, UlNarfcnConfigInd=CONFIG, UlNarfcn=343500,
UlBandwidth=CELL_BW_15M;
//Adding the SUL for the NR local cell

ADD NRDUCELLSUL: NrDuCellId=0, SulNrDuCellId=1,RsrpThld=-
110,UlDlDecouplingAlgoSwitch=SEC_HARMONIC_INTRF_AVOID_SW-1;
//Activating UL and DL Decoupling

MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0, UlDlDecouplingSwitch=ON;
Central unit (CU):

//Enabling the user experience-based uplink carrier selection switch
MOD NRCELLALGOSWITCH: NrCellId=0,
UlDlDecouplingAlgoSwitch=UL_CARR_SEL_FOR_UE_EXP_SW-1;

Copyright © Huawei
Configuration Examples of Optimizing the UL and DL Decoupling Feature on

the gNodeB Side
The RSRP threshold used for uplink carrier selection is optimized to balance the load between
the NR uplink carrier and NR SUL carrier.
//Optimizing RSRP Threshold by setting it to –100
MOD NRDUCELLSUL: NrDuCellId=0, SulNrDuCellId=1,RsrpThld=-100;
Configuration Examples of Activating the LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum

Sharing Feature on the gNodeB Side
//Deactivating a cell (This operation is performed when the cell needs to be
deactivated prior to function activation.)
DEA NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
//Adding an LTE spectrum sharing cell group and an NR spectrum sharing cell group
ADD GNBDULTENRSPCTSHRCG: NrSpctShrCellGrpId=0, LteSpctShrCellGrpId=0;
//Adding an NR spectrum sharing cell to the spectrum sharing cell group
ADD NRDUCELLSPCTCLOUD: NrDuCellId=0, NrSpctShrCellGrpId=0;
//Configuring the frame offset
MOD GNODEBPARAM: FrameOffset=0;
//Enabling LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing
MOD NRDUCELLALGOSWITCH: NrDuCellId=0,
SpectrumCloudSwitch=LTE_NR_UL_SPECTRUM_SHARING_SW-0&LTE_NR_UL_SPECTRUM_SHARING_SW-
1;
//Activating a cell (This operation is performed when the cell is deactivated
prior to function activation.)
ACT NRCELL: NrCellId=0;
5.2.4 Batch Activation

5.2.5 Cell Status Management
The uplink and downlink decoupling cells are regarded as one cell in terms of mobility
management and carrier management. That is, an uplink and downlink decoupling cell is seen
as a logical cell containing one downlink frequency carrier (3.5 GHz) and two uplink
frequency carriers (3.5 GHz+1.8 GHz).
The parameter configuration model is one CU cell and two DU cells.

Copyright © Huawei
Non-SUL and SUL cells

must be served by the same baseband boards (automatically allocated by products and
requiring no special processing), and separate RF modules.
Table 1.1 Normal cell status

Normal Status
When the preceding configurations DSP NRCELL:

are complete and the CellAvailableState: CELL_INST_AVAILABLE
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UlDlDeco
uplingSwitch is set to ON, run the NrCellState: CELL_INST_INSTALLL
ACT NRCELL command on the DSP NRDUCELL:
CU to activate the NR cells Non-SUL:
corresponding to the non-SUL
NRDUCELL and SUL NrDuCellState: DUCELL_INST_INSTALL
NRDUCELL. SUL:
NrDuCellState: DUCELL_INST_INSTALL
If the preceding configurations are DSP NRCELL:
incomplete or the CellAvailableState: CELL_INST_AVAILABLE
NRDUCellAlgoSwitch.UlDlDeco

Copyright © Huawei
Normal Status
uplingSwitch is set to OFF, run NrCellState: CELL_INST_INSTALLL

the ACT NRCELL command on DSP NRDUCELL:
the CU to activate the NR cells
corresponding to the non-SUL Non-SUL:
NRDUCELL. The SUL NrDuCellState: DUCELL_INST_INSTALL
NRDUCELL cannot be activated. SUL:
DUCELL_INST_UNINSTALL
When the non-SUL cell is DSP NRCELL:
activated, you can activate SUL CellAvailableState: CELL_INST_AVAILABLE
NR DU cells by configuring
Uplink and Downlink Decoupling NrCellState: CELL_INST_INSTALLL
parameters, and turn on the feature DSP NRDUCELL:
activation switch. Non-SUL:
SUL:
5.3 Activation Observation and Performance Monitoring

5.3.1 FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling
When UL and DL Decoupling is enabled and used by UEs, observe the values of the counters
listed in the following table. If they have non-zero values, this feature has taken effect. If the
counter values are always zero, this feature has not taken effect.
Table 1.2 Counters for observing the effectiveness of UL and DL Decoupling

Counter ID Counter Name
1911816547 N.User.Decouple.Avg Average number of decoupling UEs

that takes the local cell as their
downlink cell
1911816832 N.Decoupling.PUCCH.IntraCell. Number of UE PUCCH frequency
NonSultoSul.Att handover attempts from non-SUL
carrier to SUL carrier in a
decoupling cell
1911816833 N.Decoupling.PUCCH.IntraCell. Number of successful UE PUCCH
NonSultoSul.Succ frequency handovers from non-SUL
carrier to SUL carrier in a
decoupling cell
1911816834 N.Decoupling.PUCCH.IntraCell. Number of UE PUCCH frequency
SultoNonSul.Att handover attempts from SUL carrier

Copyright © Huawei
Counter ID Counter Name
to non-SUL carrier in a decoupling

cell
1911816835 N.Decoupling.PUCCH.IntraCell. Number of successful UE PUCCH
SultoNonSul.Succ frequency handovers from SUL
carrier to non-SUL carrier in a
decoupling cell

(LTE FDD)
Observe the values of the counters listed in Table 1.3.
Table 1.3 Counters for activation observation on the LTE side

Counter ID Counter Name Remarks
1526728434 L.ChMeas.PRB.UL.Avail If the value of this counter is

less than the number of RBs
in the standard LTE
bandwidth, this function has
taken effect.

(NR)
Observe the values of the counters listed in Table 1.4. If the value of any listed counter meets
the specified requirement, this function has taken effect.
Table 1.4 Counters for activation observation on the NR side

Counter ID Counter Name Remarks
1911816582 N.PRB.UL.Avail.Avg If the value of this counter is less

than the number of RBs in the
standard NR bandwidth, this
function has taken effect.
1911816547 N.User.Decouple.Avg If the value of this counter is not
0, this function has taken effect.
1911816696 N.ThpVol.UL.Cell If the value of this counter is not
0, this function has taken effect.

Copyright © Huawei
Network Performance OptimizationNetwork
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Performance Optimization
6 Network Performance Optimization
To be supplemented

Copyright © Huawei
Cases of UL and DL DecouplingCases of UL and DL
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Decoupling
7 Cases of UL and DL Decoupling
7.1 Summary of UL and DL Decoupling Projects

7.2 IMT-2020
7.3 Hangzhou Branch of China Mobile
7.4 Shenzhen Branch of China Telecom

Copyright © Huawei
7.1 Summary of UL and DL Decoupling Projects

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Copyright © Huawei
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Copyright © Huawei
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Copyright © Huawei
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fo m 1 tem nic Hz 3. and 10 rio: 5 ha
ne mu 1 ber ate 7 2.1 MH MHz ng
It nic 5 d – GH z @2.6 ti
al ati 3. z GHz ng
y on 8 (R (F)
G MT Test
H ma scena
z de rio: 5
con MHz
clus @80
ion 0
s) MHz
/1.8
GHz/
2.1
GHz/
2.6
GHz

Copyright © Huawei
B Un 3 No No 18 3.5 10 T 1.8 20 N 1.8 Z

T/ der / B/ GHz 0 o GH MH S GHz ho
E co 1 19 M be z z A (F) u
E m 0 A Hz de H
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ed
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au
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TI Un 4 Aft Co 19 3.7 10 Tr 1.8 20 N 20 C
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It co 1 Oct mu M l: z z A @1.8 C
al m 1 obe nic Hz 3. GHz ha
y mu 4 r ate 7 ng
nic d – ti
ati 3. ng
on 8
G
H
z

Copyright © Huawei
B No 1 To No 18 3.7 10 Tr 1.8 15 N 5 W
Y / be B/ GHz 0 ia GH MH S MHz an
T 2 det 19 M l: z z A @70 g
Fr 0 erm A Hz 3. 0 Qi
an ine 6 MHz an
ce d 4 , 10 g
5 MHz
– @21
3. 00
7 MHz
4 , 15
5 MHz
G @18
H 00
z MHz
S Un 1 Sep Co 18 3.5 10 Tr 1.8 20 N 20 C
u der / tem m B/ GHz 0 ia GH MH S MHz ai
nr co 1 ber mu 19 M l: z z A @1.8 C
is m 1 201 nic A Hz 3. GHz ha
e mu 1 8 ate 5 ng
S nic d – ti
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it on 6
ze G
rl H
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Mi E Ye 5 Jun Ye 18 3.7 10 Tr 1.8 20 N 20 L
ddl T s / e s B/ GHz 0 ia GH MH S MHz u
e U 5 201 19 M l: z z A @1.8 Z
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st E 7 ya
– n
3.
8
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z
S Ye 2 To Ye 19 3.5 10 Tr 1.8 20 N 20 Z
T s 0 be s A GHz 0 ia GH MH S MHz ha
C 0 det M l: z z A @1.8 ng
S erm Hz 3. GHz X
au ine 5 ue
di d – ch
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ra 6
bi G
a H
z
Au T Un 5 To Ye 19 3.5 10 Tr 1.8 15 N 700 Z
str el der be s A GHz 0 ia GH MH S @ ha
ali st co det M l: (to n

Copyright © Huawei
a ra m erm Hz 3. z z A be Qi
A mu ine 5 deter an
us nic d 7 mine
tr ati 5 d)
al on – 15
ia 3. MHz
6 @1.8
7 GHz
5
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Au O Un 5 To Ye 19 3.5 10 T 1.8 15 N 15 Z
str pt der be s A GHz 0 o GH MH S MHz ha
ali us co det M be z z A @1.8 n
a A m erm Hz de GHz Qi
us mu ine te an
tr nic d r
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ed
7.2 IMT-2020
7.3 Hangzhou Branch of China Mobile

The UL and DL Decoupling configuration parameters in the NSA scenario are as follows.
Item UL and DL Decoupling Parameter Remarks

TDD SUL- TDD SUL-
NR- Current NR- Recom
Current Configu Recom mended
Configu ration mended Configu
ration Configu ration
ration for
for Comme
Comme rcial
rcial Use
Use Simulat
Simulat ion
ion
Number of 64T4R 4R 64T4R 2R The existing product supports
Tx/Rx module only 2R/4R.
antennas preferre
d to 4R
module

Copyright © Huawei
Total transmit 53 dBm N/A 53 dBm N/A

power
Frequency N78 N80 N78 N80/N8
band 4
Bandwidth 100 15 MHz 100 20 Bandwidth shared by LTE and
MHz MHz MHz/15 NR
MHz
SCS 30 kHz 15 kHz 30 kHz 15 kHz
Uplink- UL N/A UL N/A
downlink 1:DL 4 1:DL 4
configuration
Total number 273 52 273 52 Number of RBs actually used
of RBs on the (minim by SUL
data channel um
value)
Target value 10% N/A 10% N/A
of BLER
CSI- Num 2 ports N/A 2 ports N/A
RS ber
of
ports
Num 64 64
ber beams beams
of
beam
s
Bea 15 15
m
gains
Perio 20 ms 20 ms
d
DL Type TYPE1 N/A TYPE1 N/A
DM
RS Num 1 1
ber
of
symb
ols
Num 1 1
ber
of
auxili
ary
pilots

Copyright © Huawei
SSB Num 8 (7+1) NA 8 (7+1) NA

ber
of
beam
s
Powe Dual- Dual-
r polarize polarize
confi d d
gurat transmi transmi
ion ssion; ssion;
configu configu
red red
same as same as
the data the data
Bea Set to Set to
m 10.236 10.236
gains dB dB
PDC Form Format N/A Format N/A
CH at D1 D1
CCE CCE CCE
aggre aggrega aggrega
gatio tion tion
n level level
level adaptati adaptati
on on
Reso 20% 20%
urce
prop
ortio
n
PUC Maxi 20 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm When the 3.5 GHz+1.8 GHz
CH mum combination is used, the
trans maximum transmit power of
mit the UE is specified as 23 dBm
powe in the protocol. In the NSA DC
r scenario, the LTE and NR each
occupies half of the power by
default.
Form Long Long Long Long
at format: format: format: format:
and 4RB 4RB 4RB 4RB
numb
er of
bits
SRS Perio Periodic Aperiod Periodic Aperiod
dic ic ic

Copyright © Huawei
Maxi 23 dBm 23 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm When the 3.5 GHz+1.8 GHz
mum combination is used, the
occupies half of the UE
transmit power by default and
must be consistent with 5G
protocols. 1. The maximum
SRS transmit power is set to 23
dBm instead of 20 dBm. This
is specified based on the NR
only scenario. If the maximum
transmit power of the NSA
commercial terminal is 23
dBm, the maximum transmit
power of the SRS channel
needs to be set to 20 dBm. 2.
Why the maximum SRS
transmit power (23 dBm) is 3
dB greater than that of the
PUCCH and PUSCH (20
dBm)? PUCCH and PUSCH
may coexist in the time
domain, each occupying half of
the UE transmit power.
However, the SRS does not
share the same time domain
with PUCCH/PUSCH, so it
can exclusively use the
transmit power of the UE. In
this configuration mode, when
only the PUSCH is available in
the time domain, the UE power
will not be fully consumed. (In
this case, evenly splitting the
transmit power between the
PUCCH and PUSCH is
inappropriate.) On the other
hand, if the maximum transmit
power configured for the
PUCCH and PUSCH is the
same as that for SRS (23
dBm), PUCCH and PUSCH
will compete for power when
they coexist in the same time
domain. For simulated
commercial UEs (NSA
scenario and 18B version), it is
recommended that the
maximum transmit power of
PUCCH/SRS/PUSCH be set to
20 dBm (in TDD and SUL
mode). In this configuration
mode, when the PUCCH and
Copyright © Huawei
Num 68 48 68 48 or 72 15 MHz: 48, 20 MHz: 72

ber
of
SRS
RBs
Num 1 1 1 1
ber
of
SRS
symb
ols
Com 2 2 2 2
bing
SRS On Off On On SRS and PMI adaptation is a
and 5G feature, which is specially
PMI maintained by the front office
adapt and is not considered during
ation the standards formation.
Enable the function on site. It
is recommended that this
function be enabled for the
SUL during the test.
PUS Maxi 20 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm 20 dBm When the 3.5 GHz+1.8 GHz
CH mum combination is used, the
occupies half of the power by
default.
Uplink MCS MCS MCS MCS
modulation adaptati adaptati adaptati adaptati
order on on on on
UL Type TYPE1 TYPE2 TYPE1 TYPE1 The existing baseband
DM processing board does not
RS support this feature. Only
TYPE2 can be configured. The
version was released on 28th
May and verified later.
Leng 1 1 1 1
th symbol symbol symbol symbol
Num 1 Off 1 1 This is not supported by
ber symbol symbol symbol current version. It was released
of on 28th May and verified later.
auxili
ary
pilots

Copyright © Huawei
Uplin Uplink Uplink Uplink Uplink

k DMRS DMRS DMRS DMRS
DMR type type type type
S and and and and
type PUCCH PUCCH PUCCH PUCCH
and symbol symbol symbol symbol
PUC sharing sharing sharing sharing
CH
symb
ol
shari
ng
Uplink On Off Off Off This feature is independently
waveform maintained by the front office,
adaptation and therefore it is not
considered during the standard
formulation. The feature is
disabled by default. The gains
brought by the feature are not
obvious in the field test and the
NR uplink throughput is prone
to fluctuation. It is
recommended that the feature
be disabled for SUL.
7.4 Shenzhen Branch of China Telecom

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 FAQFAQ
8 FAQ
Catego Question Answer

ry
Deploy Is it possible to UL and DL UL and DL Decoupling allows UEs to use

ment Decoupling using 5 MHz on sub- NR sub-3 GHz SUL carriers for uplink and
3 GHz low frequency bands (700 NR C-band carriers for downlink. The
MHz/1800 MHz/2100 MHz)? feature significantly improves the UE
uplink data rate and features SUL to
substantially extend the uplink coverage of
NR C-band cells. In addition, the NR SUL
spectrum required for UL and DL
Decoupling is derived from the LTE and
NR uplink spectrum sharing. The impact of
UL and DL Decoupling on LTE uplink
performance must be minimized.
When only 5 MHz spectrum is available on
the sub-3 GHz frequency bands, LTE and
NR will share 25 PRBs in the uplink.
According to the following calculation, the
number of PUSCH PRBs that can be used
by LTE and NR is less than 15.
 The LTE PUCCH requires four to six
PRBs. The NR PUCCH requires two to
four PRBs (The number of NR users is
small at the early stage of deployment,
therefore, the number of required NR
PUCCH PRBs is less than that of
required LTE PRBs.)
 Each LTE and NR uplink PRACH
requires an average of 1.2 PRBs per
TTI.
 The NR SRSs also increase the time-
frequency resource consumption on the
5 MHz bandwidth.
The uplink PRB resources on 5 MHz
bandwidth are limited, resulting in

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 FAQFAQ
Catego Question Answer

ry
difficulties in ensuring the service

experience of LTE users. If NR users are
added, the service experience of LTE users
will be harder to guarantee, and the uplink
data rate of NR users will be low. In such
case, UL and DL Decoupling will be
rendered meaningless.

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 GlossaryGlossary
9 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

Copyright © Huawei
NR 上下行解耦及与 LTE 频谱共享交付指导书 Reference DocumentsReference Documents
10 Reference Documents

Copyright © Huawei

SRAN15.0 NR UL and DL Decoupling&LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing Delivery Guide v0.1

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Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Prepared by He Ning (employe ID: Date 2018-06-15

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

Date Revisi CR Modi Change Description Author

2018-XX- 1.00 Completed the draft. He Ning

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full Name

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

2.7 Deployment Requirements...........................................................................................................................................18

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

5.2.3.1 Parameter Configuration on the eNodeB side........................................................................................................41

6 Network Performance Optimization.......................................................................................47

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

1 About This Document

Feature ID Feature Name

FOFD-010205 UL and DL Decoupling

1.2 Intended Audience

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

2.2 Application Scenario

2.2.2 SUL Spectrum

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

2.3 Solution Values

2.4 Solution Introduction

2.4.1.1 Random Access

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

2.4.1.2 Power Control

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

Time Sequence in Scheduling

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

Cross-Carrier Feedback Time Sequence

2.4.1.4 SRS Switching

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

2.4.1.5 Link Management

Uplink Link Selection

Uplink Link Change

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

2.4.1.6 Mobility Management

MCG Mobility Management

SCG Mobility Management

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10

2.4.2 LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing

Table 1.1 Start and end positions of LTE PUCCHs

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 11

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 12

 On the NR side, select the LTE_NR_UL_SPECTRUM_SHARING_SW option of the

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 13

2.5 Progress of 3GPP Standards for UL and DL Decoupling

2.5.2 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL

Duplex Mode Frequency Band Frequency Range

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 14

2.5.2.2 NR SUL Frequency Band

Duplex Mode Frequency Band Frequency Range Remarks

2.5.2.3 3GPP Frequency Band Combinations of UL and DL Decoupling

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 15

Issue () Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 16

LTE Band 1 + [NR n78 + LTE 2100 MHz + NR