Flood Risk Reduction and Management in Barangay Alegria.

Submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirement of

Earth and Life Science

Jaybee Khenn E. Eco

June Harvey L. Alimes
Chester B. Ytac
Jericho Aras
Jonathan Dionson
Bryan C. Bautista
Prince Yvonne Morales
Ron Tormento
Researchers

MARY GRACE P. DELA CRUZ, (LPT, MAEd)

Research Adviser
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A disaster is a serious destructive and calamitous natural or manmade catastrophe in which it can
bring detrimental damages to the society such as loss of lives, property destruction and
permanent change in the topography of the particular location. It ranges from hurricanes to
volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, this exceeds the ability of the community being affected to cope
using the most available resources on their area. One of the most frequent disasters being
experienced today is a flood.
Flood is one of the most destructive natural hazards. It occurs when water overflows or inundates
land that is normally dry wherein the level of water may only be a few inches higher, or it may
cover a house or a rooftop. NSSL (2016) said that flash floods are the most destructive kind of
floods because the destructive power of a flood joins with blazing speed and unpredictability.
They eventually occur when excessive water fills normally dry creeks or river beds along with
currently flowing creeks and rivers, causing rapid rises of water in either short or a long period of
time. They might happen with little or no warning. National Weather Service (2017) stated that
urban areas which are prone to flooding have more severe effects than in the countryside or
suburbs.
Philippines is blessed with a large number of bodies of water such river, lakes and stream but this
may also bring disastrous phenomenon that can lead loss of life.
Flood risk reduction and management seek to reduce the risks from flood events to the people
who are located in flood-prone locations. A flood risk management strategy identifies and
implements measures that reduce the overall hazard and what remains is the residual risk. It is
very important for those located in the floodplain and those responsible for the activities to
ensure the understanding of the nature of the risks they face and the steps that may be taking into
consideration to reduce the risks.
Thus, this study aims to determine the caused of flood and the experience by the residence of
Barangay Alegria as well as to determine the flood risk reduction and management for
rehabilitation and the recovery of the local barangay and how to lessen the flood caused by heavy
rainfall.

Review of Related Literature

This section contains related literature and studies which explain the flood risk reduction
and management and its subdomains.
What is the level of efficiency of flood risk reduction and management globally?
UNISDR (2018) mentioned that Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) aims to
reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and cyclones,
through an ethic of prevention. In order to find out if DRRM is being carried out with efficacy in
the worldwide setting, it is crucial to assess it. According to a study conducted by Pertz & Ferris
(2018), the regional organizations responsible for the disaster management actually abide with
43% of the indicators of efficaciousness of the desired actions. Thus, the level of efficiency of
DRRM in the world is slightly effective. Furthermore, the efficiency of DRRM specifically flood
disaster risk reduction and management can also be measured through following the sets of
measures under its four subdomains particularly prevention and mitigation, emergency
preparedness, emergency response, and recovery and rehabilitation. Additionally, it should
absolutely start with prevention and mitigation.
Prevention and Mitigation
Flood risk reduction and management involves flood prevention and mitigation. Federal
Emergency Management Administration (2018) defined mitigation as the sustained actions
executed to reduce or prevent the risks to people and property hazards. Traditionally, mitigation
is divided into non-structural and structural options. This is being agreed upon by Caribbean
Disaster Emergency Management Agency (2018) in which it mentioned that mitigation refers to
any structural or nonstructural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of hazards.
Northern Territory Government (2016) expressed that structural flood mitigation is where
physical structures are constructed or modified to reduce the impact of flooding on individual
properties or whole catchments and include: building infrastructures, maintenance of existing
infrastructures and individual flood-proofing measures. Building infrastructures including dams,
levees, bridges, and culverts should be taken into consideration.
Emergency Preparedness
First, receiving timely information about weather conditions or other emergency events can
make all the difference in knowing when to take action to be safe. It means you should monitor
the weather reports provided by the local news media. This will serve as the signal for you to
start having the preparedness plans. Thus, if the news informed you about the upcoming flood,
then you should know where to evacuate.
Emergency Responses
Jackman & Beruvides (2013) mentioned that emergency responses are about implementing the
plans formulated during preparedness, reducing the potential for secondary damage, and
preparing for the recovery phase. This includes applying the set of measures presented in
emergency preparedness. Furthermore, the responses of the government and other authorized
agencies also have a great influence in this subdomain.
Rehabilitation and Recovery
As claimed by the Resilient Community Organizations (2015), rehabilitation and recovery is the
coordinated process of supporting emergency-affected communities in the reconstruction of
physical infrastructure and restoration of emotional, social, economic and physical wellbeing.
This is usually measured in months and/or years. The recovery does not only focus on having the
community back to its normal state but also includes actions taken to mitigate future flood risks.
Corroborated by the studies of Clavin, Petropoulos, Gupta, & Tokita (2017), they found out that
the communities in the towns of Lyons and Jamestown were afforded opportunities to implement
enhanced design standards for rebuilding infrastructure, buildings, and public facilities that
would be more likely to survive or mitigate damage in future flooding events. This includes
infrastructure recovery and achieving community needs. Under the infrastructure recovery, water
32 and wastewater systems were restored, roads were repaired, temporary houses were provided,
restoring of public buildings, and debris and stormwater management.

Statement of the Problems

This study intends to assess the Flood Risk Reduction and Management in Barangay Alegria.
Specifically, it aims to seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is the level of efficiency of Barangay Alegria in Flood Risk Reduction and Management
in terms of the following:
a) Prevention and Mitigation;
b) Emergency Preparedness;
c) Emergency Response; and
d) Rehabilitation and Recovery?
Significance of the study
This study will be useful in determining the effectiveness of the flood risk reduction and
management of the residence of barangay Alegria. Moreover, it will benefit the following:
Residents. It helps to have additional knowledge on the necessary actions on managing and
reducing flood risks before, during and after the occurrence of the phenomenon.
Barangay Officials. It helps to increase awareness about the flood management and risk
reduction and bring out new ideas, recommendations and solutions.
Future researchers. They can use this research as a basis if they want to continue or improve
this project. This can serve as a source of insights for the related studies.
Students. it helps the students to know the prevention and management of
floods and related disasters, risks and vulnerability reduction.

Definition of Terms
Flood Risk Reduction and Management. This is the focus of the study in which it aims to
assess how Barangay Alegria manage and reduce flood risks.
Level of Efficiency. This describes how responsive the Barangay Officials in managing and
reducing flood risks
Emergency Preparedness. This is executed before the flood which aims to attain preparedness
in the towns and reduce the severity of the possible risks of flood.
Emergency Responses. This refers to the proper responses of the authorized personnel and the
residents during the flood risks.
Prevention and Mitigation. This phase happens before flood occurs in which it aims to get rid
of floods.
Rehabilitation and Recovery. This includes the actions required to help the community retrieve
its normal condition.
 CHAPTER II
METHOD AND PROCEDURES

Research Design
The researcher used Descriptive survey research to determine The Flood Risk Reduction and
Management of Barangay Alegria. It conducted by distributing questionnaires to the participants
comprises of questions.

Participants of the study

Barangay Alegria is one of the largest Barangay in Municipality of San Francisco with a
Residents of 7,310, 9.8% of the total population.
The respondents of the study are the residents, barangay officials. The individual responded to
the specific question that are given to them through research interview questionnaire.

Setting of the study

The study took place at Barangay Alegria, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur in which the study
conducted.
Research Instrument

Agusan del Sur National High School

Senior High School Department
Brgy. 5, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur
School I.D. 304703

Dear Ma’am/Sir,
We are Senior High School students from Agusan del Sur National High School currently
conducting a study entitled, Flood Risk Reduction and Management of Barangay Alegria. We would be
happy if you would help us answer the following questions. Thank you.
The questionnaire is in two parts: Profile and Flood Risk Reduction and Management
I. Personal Information
Direction: Please fill in the space provided with data as indicated:
a. Name (Optional): ____________________________________
b. Address (Required): __________________________________
II. Flood Risk Reduction and Management Assessment
Direction:
Kindly provide applicable answers to the space provided after each statement or place a check mark on
the box provided as stated.

1. Prevention and Mitigation. Based on your experiences on the past floods, what flood risk
reduction and management areas proved very effective?

Legend:
5- Very Highly Effective 4- Very Effective 3- Effective
2- Slightly Effective 1- Not Effective
 Area of Concern 5 4 3 2 1
Hazard Mapping and Rural planning are present
Education and awareness are practiced
Community involvement and participation are exercised
Declogging of waterways and canals are maintained

2. Emergency Preparedness and Risk Reduction. What is the level of the responsiveness of
Flood Risk Reduction and Management in your community?
Legend:
5 – Very Highly Responsive 4 – Very Responsive 3 – Responsive
2 – Slightly Responsive 1 – Not Responsive

Area of Concern 5 4 3 2 1
The residents organize themselves to monitor potential disaster
The warning systems are in place to the community level
The residents understand official warning and react
The weather reports are being disseminated
The disaster awareness and public information projects or
programs being undertaken to the community
The physical resources such as life vests, flash lights and medicine
kits are prepared in the barangay

3. Emergency Response. What is the extent of responsiveness of the affected population during the
actual and immediately after the disaster occurrence?

Legend:
5- Very Highly Responsive 4- Very Responsive 3- Responsive
2- Slightly Responsive 1- Not Responsive
 Area of Concern 5 4 3 2 1
Relief operation
Search and rescue
Dissemination/Information sharing of disaster related information
Development/provision of temporary shelter
Early recovery mechanism
Health service

4. Rehabilitation and Recovery. How efficient was the government action taken to restore and
improve the living conditions of the affected residents?
Legend:
5- Very Highly Efficient 4- Very Efficient 3- Efficient
2- Slightly Efficient 1- Not Efficient

Area of Concern 5 4 3 2 1
Livelihood for affected victims
Search and retrieval
Shelter/Relocation for affected victims
Infrastructure and Relocation plan
Environmental Protection

Thank you!
Procedure

The research methods used in the study in gathering data and was collected by the use of descriptive
survey questionnaire. The question were answered from the option given which the respondents can chose
with regards to the statements questioned.

Data Analysis
Frequency and percentage. This statistical tool was used to determine the frequency and the percentage
of the respondent answer.

Table 1. Scale and Rating

Score Limits Descriptive Equivalent Rating

5 4.21-5 Very Highly Efficient
4 3.41-4.2 Very Efficient
3 2.61-3.4 Efficient
2 1.81-2.6 Slightly Efficient
1 1.00-1.80 Not Efficient
 CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter displays the interpretation of the gathered data and the treatment of the statistical analysis.
Level of Efficiency
The first problem considered in this study talks about the level of efficiency of flood risk reduction and
management in Barangay Alegria.
Table 1 presents the gathered data pertinent to the level of efficiency of flood risk reduction and
management in the literal sense.

Indicators Mean Description

Prevention and Mitigation
Hazard Mapping and Rural planning are present
Education and awareness are practiced
Community involvement and participation are exercised
Declogging of waterways and canals are maintained
Emergency Preparedness
The residents organize themselves to monitor potential disaster
The warning systems are in place to the community level
The residents understand official warning and react
The weather reports are being disseminated
The disaster awareness and public information projects or programs being
undertaken to the community
The physical resources such as life vests, flash lights and medicine kits are
prepared in the barangay
Emergency Response
Relief operation
Search and rescue
Dissemination/Information sharing of disaster related information
Development/provision of temporary shelter
Early recovery mechanism
Health service
Rehabilitation and Recovery
Livelihood for affected victims
Search and retrieval
Shelter/Relocation for affected victims
Infrastructure and Relocation plan
Environmental Protection
 CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendations of this study.

Summary
As a recapitulation, this study determined the level of efficiency of flood risk reduction and management
in Barangay Alegria. It covered a quota of 15 respondents but only 10 were retrieving, showing a 66%
retrieval rate. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire lifted from a research.
Findings
The following are the salient findings of the study:
1. The flood risk reduction and management are very efficient.

Conclusions
In light of the findings, the following conclusions are offered:
1. The practices in managing flood are executed properly, responding
to vast and immediate needs of the people.
2. The government has no equal attention to the different measures
in flood risk reduction and management.

Recommendations
The researchers recommend the following:

1. The Barangay Officials must improve and continue the implementation of the precautionary measures
of flood risk reduction and management especially on recovery and rehabilitation, and emergency
preparedness.
2. The government should have a stable financial status so that when floods occur, they will be able to
supply all the needs of the community.
3. The residents should involve and participate in the programs and trainings that will be undertaken in
the community.
4. The residents should also play their role in the community to work hand in hand with the government
to overcome the unfavorable effects of flood.
5. The Barangay Officials should enhance and/or have relocation plan, post disaster-need assessment,
trainings and dredging of rivers.
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Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency. (2010). Retrieved from Caribbean Disaster
Emergency Management Agency:
http://weready.org/flood/index.php?option=com_content&view=ar ticle&id=28&Itemid=29

DuPlessis, J., Lessard-Fontaine, A., & Soesilo, D. (2016). Europa.eu. Retrieved from Europa.eu:
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Enzo, I. (2014, August 17). Research Gate. Retrieved from Research Gate:
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https://www.weather.gov/phi/FlashFloodingDefinition

NSSL. (2016). Retrieved from NSSL: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/floods