Metode Energi PDF
Metode Energi PDF
• TIU :
• Mahasiswa dapat menghitung perpindahan/deformasi struktur
• TIK :
• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan prinsip kerja dan Energi dalam perhitungan deformasi
struktur
a home base to excellence
Deflections
• Deflections of structures can occur from
various sources, such as loads, temperature,
fabrication errors, or settlement.
• In design, deflections must be limited in order
to provide integrity and stability of roofs, and
prevent cracking of attached brittle materials
such as concrete, plaster or glass.
a home base to excellence
• Kerja
Prinsip Konservasi Energi (conservation of energy principle) :
Kerja akibat seluruh gaya luar yang bekerja pada sebuah struktur
(external forces) Ue, menyebabkan terjadinya gaya-gaya dalam pada
struktur (internal work or strain energy) Ui seiring dengan deformasi
yang terjadi pada struktur.
(1)
𝑥
𝑈𝑒 = 𝐹𝑑𝑥 (2)
0
a home base to excellence
Gambar 1.1
Gaya axial F bekerja pada ujung dari sebuah bar. Besar magnitude gaya F
meningkat secara perlahan dari 0 hingga P, yang mengakibatkan bar mengalami
perpanjangan sebesar ∆. Subsitusikan persamaan gaya tersebut kedalam
persamaan 2 , dan intergrasikan mulai dari 0 hingga ∆ maka akan kita dapatkan :
1
𝑈𝑒 = 𝑃∆
2 (3)
a home base to excellence
Gambar 1.3
jika total besar sudut putaran adalah sebesar 𝜃 radian, maka persamaan
kerja menjadi
(5)
dan seperti halnya dengan gaya axial, apabila magnitude momen diperbesar
mulai nol hingga M, maka dengan mengintegralkan persamaan 5 tersebut
akan didapat:
(6)
a home base to excellence
(8)
a home base to excellence
Gambar 1.5
Castigliano Theorem
• Italian engineer Alberto Castigliano (1847 –
1884) developed a method of
determining deflection of structures by
strain energy method.
• His Theorem of the Derivatives of Internal Work
of Deformation extended its application to the
calculation of relative rotations and
displacements between points in the structure
and to the study of beams in flexure.
a home base to excellence
Example 1
• Determine the displacement of point B of the
beam shown in the Figure.
• Take E = 200 GPa, I = 500(106) mm4.
a home base to excellence
Example 2
• Determine the slope at point B of the beam
shown in Figure.
• Take E = 200 GPa, I = 60(106) mm4.
a home base to excellence
Example 3
• Determine the vertical displacement of point
C of the beam.
• Take E = 200 GPa, I = 150(106) mm4.
a home base to excellence
Example 4
• Determine the slope at
point C of the two
member frame shown
in figure.
• The support at A is
fixed.
• Take E = 200 GPa, I =
250(106) mm4.