HOUSING

Module 2 URBAN AND

RURAL HOUSING,
SLUMS

S7,NRMSA

CLASS I - 23-07-2018
Urban Area
According to the census definition, URBAN
AREA is where;
Minimum size of the community should be 5000
Density of population should be above 400 persons
per square kilometre
Atleast 75% of the male working population
should be engaged in non-agricultural activities.
Urban Area

Land suitable for construction is scarce and costly.

Development of land involves additional expenditure.
Materials and skilled labour is readily available. Hence
period of construction and cost of construction is
comparatively less for an MIG house.
Water supply and drainage is the responsibility of
municipality and corporation.
Since people are regularly employed lesser chance for
self help and mutual help.
Urban Area

Good infrastructure facilities are available.

Financial and technical help is more easily available.
Housing includes
Hostels
Apartments
Row housing
High density housing
Dilapidated housing
Rural Area

LIG has the advantage of low land price, low labour cost
and locally available materials.
Occupation of people is agriculture whose space for
granary, cattle shed, barn etc. should be provided for
houses.
Transportation of materials and skilled workers require
more money.
Concept of environment improvement and sanitation is
better due to lesser population.
Rural Area

Beneficiary and community participation is easily

possible if leadership is given.
Infrastructure facilities are comparatively less.
housing type is mainly individual.
Standards for rural housing
 Recommended standards for rural housing
are as follows:
 Minimum 2 living rooms
 Ample verandah (sit out) space
 Built up area of house should not exceed one
third of total land area
 Separate kitchen with paved sink or platform
for washing utensils
Standards for rural housing
 Tube well or dug well within quarter mile from
house
 Cattle shed should be at a minimum distance
of 25 feet from the house
 Window area should at least 10% of floor area
 Sanitary latrine should be present
 Provision for proper waste disposal
SLUMS
Definition
The Central Government in its Slum Area
Improvement and Clearance Act 1956 has
adopted the definition of slum as a
predominantly residential area where the
dwellings which by reason of dilapidation,
over crowding, faulty arrangement of
design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitary
facilities or any combination of these factors
are detrimental to safety, health and moral
of its occupants.
Causes of Slums
Industrialization
Economic condition
Lack of Education
Lack of zoning
Migrants
Decentralization
Power of the local authority
Repairs and maintenance
Characteristics of Slums
Unpleasant appearance
Fire hazard
Low standard of health and sanitation
Income criteria
Moral
Over crowding
Population
Social isolation
Way of life
Slum Clearance
The process of improving the existing conditions
of slums is known as slum clearance.
The four main objectives are;
To bring down the disparity in living standard of
people of various status.
To prevent the occurrence of epidemics.
To provide the absolute minimum standards of
essential amenities for a healthy living.
To remove the ugly spots of slum from the map of the
city.
Slum Clearance
The two methods by which slum
clearance can be done are;

Complete Removal Method

The Improvement Method

Slum Clearance
The minimum basic standards fixed
by Government of India for
environmental improvement of slums
are as follows;
One water tap for every 150 persons living in
the slum.
One latrine for every 20-50 persons.
One street light for every 30 metres.
Slum Clearance
Works of slum improvement:
Construction of open or covered drains.
Necessary repairs.
Paving or opening up of courtyards.
Provision of latrines, water taps and light points.
Removal of rubbish and other solid wastes.
Structural additions and alterations.
Miscellaneous works including demolition of any
building or any part of building for executing any
of the works mentioned above.
Slum Clearance
Open Plot Scheme / Site and Services Scheme:
Open land is suitably sub divided and allotted to slum
dwellers.
Area of the plot shouldn’t exceed 20-25 sqm.
Plot should be given on long term lease with necessary
conditions for cancellation and re entry in case of
breach of lease documents.
Self help combined with use of locally available
materials and methods of construction should be
encouraged and should be provided with possible
alternative design for the construction of small houses.
Methods to prevent slums
Cheap housing.
Compulsion of employers to provide housing
accommodation for their employees.
Enforce building bye-laws.
Maintenance and repairs should be defined
in housing codes or acts.
Social education.
Removal of unauthorized constructions.
Formation of satellite towns.
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