INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENTS

AND APPLICATIONS

Prof. Prawin J. Bhagat

Assistant Professor, ETC Department,
JDCOEM, Nagpur
MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS
The electrical methods of measuring thickness are
 Resistive

 Inductive

 Capacitive

 Ultrasonic

 Nuclear
INDUCTIVE METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
OF THICKNESS

Two kinds of transducers are utilized:

•Reluctance variation transducers: These
devices measure change in inductance of a
magnetic coil caused by the test object.
•Eddy current transducers: They use eddy
currents to find the thickness of test object.
RELUCTANCE VARIATION TRANSDUCER
•It consists of a U-shaped magnetic core over
which a coil is wound .The stock or a test piece,
whose thickness is to be measured, completes the
magnetic circuit.
•Inductance of the coil depends upon the
reluctance of the magnetic circuit, which in turn
depends upon the thickness of the test object
RELUCTANCE VARIATION TRANSDUCER
RELUCTANCE VARIATION TRANSDUCER
RELUCTANCE VARIATION TRANSDUCER
 The non-magnetic test piece is placed on
ferromagnetic base; the base is thick such that
the reluctance of the magnetic circuit is
determined by the distance between the ends of
the U-core and the base plate.
 An increase in thickness of the test piece causes
an increase in reluctance and a decrease in
inductance of the magnetic circuit.
EDDY CURRENT TRANSDUCER*
(CONDUCTING MATERIAL)
 It has a coil wounded on an insulated core,
excited by an alternating current supply. The
alternating field produced as a result generates
eddy current in the test piece.
 The opposition created by the magnetic field of
eddy current against the magnetic field of coil,
reduces the inductance of the coil.
 So, higher the thickness of the test piece, higher
will be the eddy current, lower would be the
inductance of the coil.
EDDY CURRENT TRANSDUCER
EDDY CURRENT TRANSDUCER (NON-
CONDUCTING)
 For non-magnetic, non-conducting materials
thickness measurement is done by depositing it
on a metal backing.
 If the thickness of the test piece is large, the eddy
current transducer head and the metal backing
are separated by a larger distance and, therefore,
the eddy currents are small and consequently the
inductance of the coil is large.
EDDY CURRENT TRANSDUCER
CAPACITIVE METHOD OF THICKNESS
MEASUREMENT

 This method is used for the thickness

measurement of insulators.
 C = capacitance in farad

 Ɛ0= 8.85 x 10-12 farad/m2

 Ɛr = dielectric constant (relative permittivity)

 A= area of each plate (m2)

 d= distance between the plates (m)

CAPACITIVE METHOD OF THICKNESS
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS BY
ULTRASONIC METHOD
MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS BY
NUCLEAR RADIATION METHOD