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ALLIED III STATISTICS – I

UNIT – I
Meaning, Definition and Characteristics of Statistics – Uses and Limitations -
Sources of Statistical data – Primary and Secondary – Collection of Primary Data – Direct
Personal, Indirect Oral, Mailed Questionnaire and Schedule Methods – Collection of Secondary
Data.

UNIT – II
Classification and Tabulation of Data – Types and Importance – Presentation of Data
including Diagrammatic and Graphical methods – Bar Diagram, Pie Diagram, Histogram and
Ogive. Frequency Distribution – Frequency Table – Structure and Formation – Discrete and
Continuous Series.

UNIT – III
Measures of Central Tendency / Averages – Arithmetic Mean, Median, Quartiles, Mode,
Geometric, Harmonic Mean, Combined Mean and Weighted Mean.

UNIT – IV
Measures of Dispersion – Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and Standard
Deviation

UNIT – V
Measures of Skewness – Meaning, Definition and Types – Karl Pearson’s coefficient of
Skewness and Bowley’s Coefficient of Skewness.

Correlation Analysis – Meaning, Definition, Significance and Types of Correlation, Scatter

Diagram, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation – Spearman’s Rank Correlation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. S.P.Gupta – Statistical Methods

2. R.S.N.Pillai & B.Bhagavathi – Statistics
3. D.N.Gupta – Business Statistics
4. Elements of Statistics – B.N.Asthana

PATTERN OF QUESTION PAPER

Pa Total Questions to be Marks per Total
rt Questions Answered Question Marks
A 12 10 2 20
B 7 5 5 25
C 5 3 10 30
Maximum Marks for End Semester External 75
Examination
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QUESTION BANK
II B.COM (CORPORATE SECRETARYSHIP) –
SEMESTER-III
STATISTICS – I
UNIT – I
1. Define the term Statistics and discuss its functions.
2. Discuss the scope, functions and limitations of Statistics.
3. What is Statistics? explain the importance of Statistics in the field of Business and
Commerce.
4. Explain the use of Statistics in the field of Economics, Planning and Management.
5. Explain the chief characteristics of Statistics.
6. Explain fully the nature and causes of distrust of Statistics.
7. Define statistics. Why some people look at this Science with an eye of distrust?
8. Define Statistics. How does it help a Manager in a Business
9. Distinguish between Primary and Secondary Data; describe the various methods of
Collecting Primary Data stating their relative Merits and Demerits.
10. What do you mean by questionnaire? discuss the points to be observed in designing the
good questionnaire
11. Describe briefly the Questionnaire methods of Collection of Primary data and explain the
precautions you would take while drafting a Questionnaire.
12. Define Secondary data. State its chief sources.
13. What Precautions are necessary before using Secondary data?
14. Describe the different methods of Collecting Primary data indicating the Merits and
demerits of each of them.
15. Differentiate between the Questionnaire and Schedule.
16. What do you mean by a Questionnaire? Discuss the points to be observed in designing a
good Questionnaire.
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UNIT – II
1. What do you understand by Diagrams? State their utility.
2. Discuss the Merits and Limitations of Diagrammatic Representation of data.
3. Point out the usefulness of Diagrammatic Representation of facts and Explain the
Construction of any one of the different forms of diagram you have studied.
4. “Diagrams helps us to visualize the whole meaning of a numerical complex at a Single
Glance “Explain what, in your opinion, are the tests of a good Diagram.
5. Distinguish between Diagrammatic and Graphic Representation of data and explain the
various principles of constructing Diagrams and Graphs.
6. What is meant by (i) Histogram, (ii) Ogive? Explain their construction with the help of
Sketches.
7. What are the objects of Diagrammatic Representation of Statistical data? Explain any
two methods of such Representation?
8. Distinguish between bar Diagram and Histogram.
9. Explain (i) Histogram (ii) Pie diagram. Give an example for each.
10. What is One –Dimensional Diagrams? Give their merits.
11. Mention the advantages of Graphic presentation of Statistical data.
12. Explain the difference between Bar Chart and Pie diagram and indicate the situations
where they can be used.
13. What is a False Base line? When is it used on an Arithmetic line graph?

Classification
14. The following data gives the weights of 60 students in kilograms. From a frequency
distribution with class intervals 40-50, 50-60, etc:
42, 74, 40, 60, 82, 115, 41, 61, 124, 75, 83, 63, 53, 110, 76, 84, 50, 67, 78, 77, 126, 63,
65, 95, 68, 69, 104, 80, 79, 79, 54, 73, 129, 59, 81, 110, 66, 49, 77, 90, 84, 76, 42, 64,
130, 69, 70, 80, 72, 50, 79, 52, 103, 96, 51, 85, 122, 78, 94, 71.

15. Classify the following data of marks by taking class interval such that their mid values
are 17,22,27,32, and so on
30, 42, 30, 54, 40, 48, 15, 17, 51, 42, 25, 41, 30, 27, 42, 36, 28, 26, 37, 54, 44, 31, 36, 40,
36, 40, 22, 30, 31, 19, 48, 16, 42, 32, 21, 22, 40, 33, 41, 21.

16. For the data given below, prepare a frequency table with class intervals as 40-49,50-59
and so on
94, 78, 86, 51, 96, 103, 52, 79, 50, 72, 66, 49, 77, 90, 84, 76, 42, 64, 69, 70, 68, 69, 104,
80, 79, 79, 54, 73, 58, 91, 65, 60, 77, 78, 67, 50, 84, 76, 110, 53, 74, 40, 60, 42, 82, 41,
61, 75, 115, 83.

17. You are given below the wages paid to some workers in a sugar factory from a frequency
distribution with class interval 10 paise:
Wages (in Rs)
31.10, 31.26, 31.44, 31.55, 31.98, 31.68, 31.67, 31.27, 31.39, 31.51, 31.75, 31.03, 31.37,
31.40, 31.52, 31.37, 31.81, 31.04, 31.38, 31.60, 31.28, 31.49, 31.46, 31.50, 31.42, 31.29,
31.47, 31.27, 31.47, 31.15, 31.56, 31.61, 31.44, 31.41, 31.17, 31.69, 31.50, 31.45, 31.73,
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31.26, 31.42, 31.53, 31.46, 31.19, 31.52, 31.33, 31.38, 31.42, 31.53, 31.46, 31.19, 31.52,
31.33, 31.38, 31.45, 31.20, 31.76, 31.69, 31.46, 31.95, 31.16, 31.42, 31.68, 31.38, 31.35,
31.77, 31.66, 31.97, 31.14, 31.14, 31.67, 31.27, 31.22, 31.36, 31.34, 31.24, 31.25, 31.12,
31.57, 31.55, 31.50, 31.21, 31.56, 31.55, 31.40, 31.48, 31.62, 31.79, 31.92, 31.86, 31.35,
31.82, 31.78, 31.54, 31.37 ,31.31, 31.31, 31.57, 31.48.

18. The data given below relate to height and weight of 20 persons you are required to form
a two way frequency table with class interval 62to 64, 64 to 66 and so on 115 to 125 lbs
to 125 to 135lbs, and so on
S No Weight (lbs) Height (inches) S.No Weight (lbs) Height (inches)
1 170 70 11 163 70
2 135 65 12 139 67
3 136 65 13 122 63
4 137 64 14 134 68
5 148 69 15 140 67
6 124 63 16 132 69
7 117 65 17 120 66
8 128 70 18 148 68
9 143 71 19 129 67
10 129 62 20 152 67

Tabulation
19. Draft a blank table to show the distribution of personnel in a manufacturing concern
according to:
Gender: Males and Females
Three grades of salary: Below Rs 5000-10,000 Rs10, 000 and above
Two periods: 1997 and 1998.
Three age groups: Below 25, 25and under 40, 40 and above

20. Present the following information in a suitable tabular form

In 1985 out of a total of 1750 workers of a factory 1200 were members of a trade union.
The number of women employed was 200, of which 175 did not belong to a trade union
in 1990 the number of union workers increased to 1580 of which 1290 were men. On the
other hand, the number of non- union workers fell down to 208, of which 180 were men.
In 1995, there were 1800 employees who belonged to a trade union and 50 who did not
belong to a trade union of all the employees in 1995 300 were women only 8 did not
belong to a trade union.

21. In certain data, the four main characters with their sub characteristics are present:
Main Characteristics Sub-Characteristics
Locality Urban
Religion Hindu
Gender Male
Age (below30, 30-60, 60 and above)
Prepare a suitable form of the table

22. In a trip organized by a college there were 80 persons each of whom paid Rs 15.50 on an
average? There were 60 students each of whom paid Rs.16 Members of the teaching staff
were charged at a higher rate. The number of servants were 6 (all males) and they were
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not charged anything. the number of ladies was 20% of the which one was lady staff
member

Graphical Representation
23. Represent the following data by a simple bar diagram;
Countries Production of sugar (in 000 Quintals)
China 38
Japan 40
Indonesia 25
India 20
Pakistan 8
Sri Lanka 8
24. From the following data prepare the simple bar diagram
Rs
Farmer 19
Carder &spinner 35
Weaver 28
Washer men 08
Administrative agency 10

25. Represent the following data by a sub divided bar diagram

Number Employed
Year Men Women Children Total
2007 1,80,000 1,10,000 70,000 3,60,000
2008 3,50,000 2,10,000 1,60,000 7,20,000

26. The following table shows the Monthly Expenditure of Three Families. Represent the
date by a multiple bar diagram on percentage basis and write a note on it
Item of expenditure Family-A Family-B Family-C
Food articles 43 83 120
Clothing 8 17 25
Recreation 3 10 12
Education 5 9 15
Rent 10 21 17
Miscellaneous 6 15 17

27. Represent the following data by sub-divided bar diagram drawn on the percentage basis:
Particulars 2002 2003 2004
Cost per chair
Wages 9 15 21
Other costs 6 10 14
Polishing 3 5 7
Total 18 30 42
Proceeds per chair 20 30 40
Profit (+)/loss (-) +2 - -2

28. What is meant by a Histogram? State briefly how it is constructed. Indicate clearly how
the histogram in respect of the following data can be drawn (only a rough sketch is
required). State also how you can draw histograms in respect of unequal intervals.
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Mid-value Frequency Mid-value Frequency

115 6 165 60
125 25 175 38
135 48 185 22
145 72 195 3
155 116

29. Represent the data showing the number of companies in various ranges of subscribed
capital (obtained from the National Council of applied Economic Research, New Delhi)
by means of a Histogram
Range (Rs in Lakhs) no of companies
Up to 10 10
10-20 12
20-30 10
30-50 14
50-80 7
80-100 8
Above 100 5

30. A rupee spent on Khadi is distributed as follows prepare a Pie chart

Paise
Farmer 19
Carder and spinner 35
Weaver 28
Washer man, dyer and printer 8
Administrative agency 10
Total 100

31. Draw a multiple bar diagram for the following data

Year Sales Gross Profit Net Profit
(‘000) (‘000) (‘000)
2005 100 30 10
2006 120 40 15
2007 130 45 25
2008 150 50 25

32. Prepare a rectangle for the following data:

Cost of production of a commodity during Dec, 2008: Rs
Cost of material consumed 8,000
Wages 6,000
Indirect expenses 4,000
Other expenses 2,000
The number of units produced was 1,000.

33. Prepare a graph of the following data by using a false base;

Years
Central 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
All India 177 186 192 207 250 360
Delhi 185 199 211 222 265 337
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34. Represent the following data by a divided bar diagram:

No of Students:
College Arts Science Commerce Vocational Total
A 1200 800 600 400 3000
B 750 500 300 450 2000

35. A manufacturer spends Rs 1, 00,000 for producing lathe. The following is the break up of
expenditure: Prepare a Pie chart
Rs
Raw materials 30,000
Wages 25,000
Factory cost 20,000
Office cost 51,000
Selling cost 10,000

36. The following table gives the marks of students in statistics:

Marks: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Number of students: 5 10 10 20 5
Draw an Ogive of less than type and find out the percentage of students with marks
between 20 and 40

37. Represent the following monthly expenditure of two families A and B by means of
rectangle diagram
Items of expenditure Food Clothing House rent Fuel and light Education Misc
Expenses by families A 1050 600 300 240 450 360
B 1280 850 480 320 640 400

38. Represent the following data by a deviation bar diagram;

Year’s income Rs expenditure Rs
1997 15 18
1998 16 17
1999 17 16
2000 18 20
2001 19 17
2002 20 18

39. Represent the following data by means of a suitable two dimensional diagram:
A B
Price of the commodity Rs 2 per unit Rs 3 per unit
No of units sold 40 20
Cost of raw material Rs 26 Rs 24
Other expenses Rs32 Rs12
Profits Rs 22 Rs15
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UNIT – III

1. What do you understand by the term’ Average’ in Statistics? Explain its significance in
statistical work
2. What are the measures of Central Value of Tendency? Describe their characters and state
what considerations determine the use of a particular measure?
3. Explain the requisites of Good Average
4. Define Average. What are the uses of an Average?
5. What are the properties of an Ideal Average? To what extent do the Mean and Median
posses these properties.
6. Why averages are called Measures of Central Tendency? What are the desirable
characteristics of a good measure of central tendency?
7. Define median. Mention its merits and demerits
8. What is the relation ship between Mean, Median and Mode?

Arithmetic Mean
Simple method
9. Find the mean for the following data
6, 8, 11, 8, 7, 8, 12, 6.

10. The following table gives the monthly income of 10 families in a city
Income (rs): 1600, 1560, 1440, 1530, 1670, 1860, 1750, 1910, 1490, 1800,
Calculate the arithmetic Mean in Short cut method

11. The Monthly income of 10 families (in rupees) in a certain locality are given below
Family: A B C D E F G H I J
Income: 30 70 10 75 500 8 42 250 40 36
Calculate the arithmetic mean by (a.) Direct Method (b.) Shortcut Method

Discrete series
12. The following data relates to the distance travelled by 520 villagers to buy their weekly
requirements:
Miles travelled: 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
No. of villagers: 38 104 140 78 48 42 28 24 16 2

Calculate the arithmetic average.

13. From the following data of the marks obtained by 60 students of a class, obtain the
average marks(direct and indirect method)
Marks: 20 30 40 50 60 70
Frequency: 8 12 20 10 6 4

Continuous series
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14. Find the mean from the following frequency distribution(Direct and Short cut method)
Class Interval Frequency
15.25 4
25.35 11
35.45 19
45.55 14
55.65 0
65-75 2

15. Given below the distribution of employees of a factory according to their monthly
salaries. Calculate their arithmetic mean.(Direct and Short cut method)
Weekly Salary No. of Employees
200.250 6
250.300 11
300.350 20
350.400 33
400.450 42
450.500 62
500.550 51
550.600 40
600.650 25
650-700 10

Correcting the In Correct values

16. The Average weight for a group of 25 boys was calculated to be 78Kgs. A weight of a
boy was misread as 41 Kgs instead of 96 Kgs. calculate the correct average

17. The mean of 200 items was 50. Later on it discovered that two items were misread as 92
and 8 instead of 192 and 88. Find out the correct mean

Open end classes (Cumulative series)

18. Calculate mean from the following data
Value Frequency
Less than 10 04
Less than 20 10
Less than 30 15
Less than 40 25
Less than 50 30
Less than 60 35
Less than 70 45
Less than 80 65

19. From the following information pertaining to 150 workers calculate the wage paid to
workers
Wages No of Workers
More than 75 150
More than 85 140
More than 95 115
More than 105 95
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More than 115 70

More than 125 60
More than 135 40
More than 145 25

Weighted Arithmetic Mean

20. A contractor employs three types of workers –male Female and children.to a male worker
he pays Rs 90 per day, to a female worker Rs 60 per dayand to a child worker Rs 30 per
day. What is the average wage per day paid by the contractor

21. A train runs 25 kilometers at a speed of 30 km ph, another 50 km at a speed of 40 km, ph,
then due to repairs on the track travels for 6 minutes at a speed of 10km ph and finally
covers the remaining distance of 24 kms at a speed of 24 km.ph what is the average
speed in kilometers per hour?

22. Calculate weighted mean from the following data

Value: 10 12 15 18 20
Weight: 2 5 12 4 7

Finding out unknown value

23. For a certain frequency table which is only partly reproduced here, the mean was found
to be 1.46
No of accidents: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency(number of days):46 ? ? 25 10 5

24. Find out the missing values for the following distribution whose mean is 31.87
X:12 20 27 33 ? 54
F: 8 16 48 90 30 8

Median and quartiles

Individual observations
25. Compute median and quartiles from the following data
25, 20, 15, 45, 18, 7, 10, 38, 12, 32, 35,

Discrete series
26. Calculate median and Quartiles for the following series:
Income (Rs.):1200 1800 5000 2500 3000 1600 3500
No. of persons: 12 16 2 10 3 15 7

Continuous Series
27. Find out median and quartiles for the following distribution
Class interval Frequency
0.10 5
10.20 14
20.30 29
30.40 21
40.50 25
50.60 21
60.70 10
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70.80 7
80.90 15
90-100 3

28. Find out mean, median and quartiles for the following distribution
Daily wages (Rs.) No. of Employees
50.59 15
60.69 40
70.79 50
80.89 60
99.99 45
100.109 40
110-119 15

29. Compute Mean & Median and quartiles

X: 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
f: 12 19 31 27 16 8

Calculation of Median when class intervals are unequal

30. Calculate median from the data given below :
Marks : 0-10 10-30 30-60 60-80 80-90
No of Students:5 15 30 8 2

Mode
Discrete Series
31. From the following data of the weight of 100 persons in a commercial concern determine
the model weight
Weight in kgs: 58 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 68 70
No of persons: 4 6 5 10 20 22 24 6 2 1

Continuous Series
32. Calculate mode from the following data
Marks No of Students
Above 0 80
Above 10 77
Above 20 72
Above 30 65
Above 40 55
Above 50 43
Above 60 28
Above70 16
Above80 10
Above90 8
Above100 0

Mode when class intervals are unequal

33. Calculate the modal income for the following data
Income (Rs Per month in 100s):20-25 25-30 30-40 40-45 45-50
No of Workers: 8 12 30 3 2
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34. Calculate Mean, Median, Quartiles and Mode from the following:
43, 48, 58, 43, 52, 60, 43

35. From the following distribution of wages of 50 workers of an establishment, find the
Mean Median and Modal wage:
Daily wages (Rs) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Number of wage earners: 2 3 2 6 10 11 12 3 1

36. Calculate Mean, Median and Mode from the following:

Class interval Frequency
45.50 2
50.55 3
55.60 5
60.65 7
65.70 9
70.75 11
75.80 7
80.85 2
85.90 3
90-95 1

37. From the following information calculate Mode:

Lower limit of the modal class 200
Upper limit of the modal class 120
Frequency of the modal class 40
Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class 30
Frequency of the class preceding the modal class 28

38. What are measures of Central Tendency? Calculate Mean Median and Mode for the
following frequency distribution :
Variable (Rs): 0-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300
No of workers
in a factory: 20 25 35 28 24 19

39. In the frequency distribution of 100 families given below, the no. of families
corresponding to expenditure groups 20-40 and 60-80 are missing. However the Median
is known to be 50. Find the missing frequencies
Expenditure: 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
No. of Families: 18 ? 27 ? 15

40. Find the Mean Median and Mode for the following data
Mid value : 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195
Frequency: 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3

Harmonic Mean, Geometric Mean & Combined Mean

41. Find the Geometric Mean
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2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24

42. Find the Geometric Mean

3, 6, 24, and 48

43. Calculate the Harmonic Mean and Geometric Mean from the following series
3834, 382, 63, 8, 0.4, 3.03, 0.009, 0.0005.

Discrete Series
44. The Mark secured by some students of a class are given below.
Calculate the Harmonic Mean:
Marks: 20 21 22 23 24 25
No. of students: 4 2 7 1 3 1

Continuous Series
45. Find the Harmonic Mean from the following data:
Class Frequency
5.10 2
10.15 9
15.20 29
20.25 54
25.30 11
30-35 5

46. The average weight for a group of 25 boys was calculated to be 78.4 kg. it was later
discovered that the weight of one boy was misread as 69 kg instead of the correct weight
of 96 kg. Calculate the correct average.

47. The mean of 200 items was 50 later on it was discovered that two items were misread as
92 and 8 instead of 192 and 88 find out the correct mean

48. Calculate weighted mean from the following data;

Value: 10 12 15 18 20
Weight: 2 5 12 4 7

49. In a college there are two Sections A & B. The average marks secured by section A
students in Statistics was 45 and the average marks for Section B 50. The number
of students in Section A and B were 60 and 70 respectively. Calculate the overall
average marks of the students for the college as a whole.

50. There are two branches of a company, employing 100 & 80 persons respectively, if
the arithmetic mean of the monthly salaries paid by the two companies are Rs 275
and Rs 225 respectively, find the arithmetic mean of the salaries of the employees
of the companies as a whole
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UNIT – IV
Measure of Dispersion
1. Explain the term dispersion what purpose does a measure of dispersion serve?
2. What are the requisites of a good measure of dispersion? In the light of these, comment
on some of the well known measures of dispersion.
3. What do you understand by standard deviation?
4. What is mean deviation? State the formula of mean deviation
5. Explain briefly (i) Range and (ii) Semi inter-quartile Range
6. Distinguish between mean deviation and standard deviation
7. Define mean deviation and standard deviation and write their merits demerits
8. What is coefficient of dispersion? What purpose does it serve?
9. What are the properties of a good measure of variation?
10. What is coefficient of quartile deviation? State the formula
11. Calculate range from the following data
Price of gold per 10 gram from Monday to Saturday in Dec 2003
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
5260 5250 5285 5300 5320 5305

12. Calculate coefficient of range from the following data

10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
8 10 12 8 4

13. Find quartile deviation and its co-efficient.

Sales (‘000 Rs.) 78 80 80 82 82 84 84 86 86 88 88

14. Find quartile deviation for the following data

Age (in years): 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
No. of members: 3 61 132 153 140 51 3

15. Compute the quartile deviation and mean deviation from the following data
Height in inches no of students Height in inches no of students
58 15 63 22
59 20 64 20
60 32 65 10
61 35 66 8

16. Calculate quartile deviation and its relative measure:

Variable: 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
Frequency: 306 182 144 96 42 34

17. From the data given below calculate quartile deviation and its co-efficient
Class: 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45
Frequency: 12 40 86 60 52 30

18. Calculate the mean deviation from mean and median for the following data
100, 150, 200, 250, 360, 490, 500, 600, 671
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And also calculate co-efficient of mean deviation

19. Calculate the mean deviation from mean for the following data, relating to heights of 100
children:
Heights (inches’): 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
No. of children: 2 0 15 29 25 12 10 4 3

20. Following is the distribution of marks obtained by 60students.draw an ogive curve and
obtain the median marks also determine the quartile deviation
Marks: more than 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No of students: 60 54 45 30 22 15 7

21. Find median and mean deviation

X: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Y: 5 10 13 18 14 8

22. The following is age distribution of 80 policy holders insured through an agent
Age Group: 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60
No. of Policy holders: 8 15 13 20 11 7 3 2 1
Calculate mean deviation from the median.

23. Calculate the standard deviation from the following set of observation.
8 9 15 23 5 11 19 8 10 12

24. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data

Size of items: 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency: 3 6 9 13 8 5 4

25. Calculate the standard deviation from the following distribution

Age 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50
No. of persons 170 110 80 45 40 35

26. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the following distribution
Age (years): 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
No of workers; 70 51 47 31 29 22

27. The following data relate to the age of a group of workers. Calculate the arithmetic mean
& standard deviation
Age: 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55
No. of workers. 170 110 80 45 40 30 25

28. Compute the standard deviation from the following data, using the short method and
show symbolically the formula on which your calculations are based
Age (years) Frequency Age (years) Frequency
10-19 3 50-59 53
20-29 61 60-69 19
30-39 223 70-79 4
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29. Calculate the standard deviation from the following data

Marks No of students Marks No of students
10-20 1 50-60 7
20-30 2 60-70 12
30-40 3 70-80 16
40-50 5 80-90 10
90-100 4
30. Following are the marks obtained by two students A and B in 10 tests of 30 marks
Tests 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Marks obtained by A 44 80 76 48 52 72 68 56 60 54
Marks obtained by B 48 75 54 60 63 69 69 72 51 57
If the consistency of performance is the criterion for awarding a prize which student
should get the prize?

31. Find the standard deviation and coefficient of variation from the following data
Wages no of workers wages no of workers
Up to Rs 110 12 Up to Rs 150 157
Up to Rs 120 30 Up to Rs 160 202
Up to Rs 130 65 Up to Rs 170 222
Up to Rs 140 107 Up to Rs 180 230

32. Find the co efficient of variation for the following data

Size (in cms) No of items
35-40 15
30-35 20
25-30 35
20-25 20
15-20 8
10-15 2
33. From the data given below, state which series is more consistent
Variable Series A Series B
10-20 10 18
20-30 18 22
30-40 32 40
40-50 40 32
50-60 22 18
60-70 18 10

34. Two samples of size 40 and 50 respectively have the same mean 53, but different
standard deviations 19 and 8 respectively. Find the standard deviation of the combined
sample of size 90.
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35. The means of two samples of sizes 50 and 100 respectively are 54.4and 58.5 and the
standard deviations are 9 and 11. Obtain the mean and standard deviation of the sample
of size 150 obtained by combining the two samples

36. Calculate mean median and standard deviation for the following frequency distribution
giving life 9in hours) of 100 electric bulbs.
Life in hrs no of bulbs Life in hrs no of bulbs
800-1000 6 1600-1800
20
100-1200 10 1800-2000 6
1200-1400 24 2000-2200 4
1400-1600 30

UNIT – V
Skewness
1. Define the term Skewness and point out its significance in statistical analysis
2. What is skewness? How does it differ from dispersion? what are the various measure
of skewness commonly used
3. What is Bowley’s measure of skewness? How is it different from the Karl Pearson’s
method?
4. What are the various measures of skewness / which measure is generally preferred
and why?
5. ‘Averages, measure of dispersion and skewness are complementary to one another in
understanding a frequency distribution Elucidate.
6. Define Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. What is it intended to measure? How
would you interpret the sign and magnitude of a correlation coefficient?
7. Give an example each of “spurious correlation” and nonsense or chance correlation”
8. What is correlation? Explain how will you use the following methods of
determining correlation; ( i) Graph (ii) correlation table (iii) Karl Pearson’s
coefficient of correlation.
9. What is Rank correlation? State merits and demerits of Spearman’s Rank correlation
method.
10. Distinguish between Positive and Negative correlation, linear and non linear
correlation simple, partial multiple correlation.
11. How is scatter diagram useful in the study of correlation?
12. State the properties of Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. How do you interpret a
calculated value of ‘r’ explain the term probable error of ‘r’
13. What is Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient how does it differ from Karl
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation?
14. Define Rank correlation write down Spearman’s formula for rank correlation
coefficient state its advantages of Spearmen’s rank correlation over Karl Pearson’s
correlation coefficient.
15. What is scatter diagram? How does it help in studying the correlation between two
variables in respect of both of its direction and degree?
16. Calculate the coefficient of dispersion and coefficient of skewness from the following
table giving wages of 230 persons
Wages (in Rs) No of persons Wages (in Rs) No of persons
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70-80 12 110-120 50
80-90 18 120-130 45
90-100 35 130-140 20
100-110 42 140-150 8

17. Locate the mode and calculate mean and standard deviation of the following
distribution and using your results comment on the skewness of the distribution
Scores Frequency Scores Frequency
10-15 2 35-40 6
15-20 8 40-45 4
20-25 6 45-50 3
25-30 12 50-55 1
30-35 7 55-60 1

18. Calculate Karl Pearsons co efficient of Skewness from the following data
Wages (Rs) No of workers Wages (Rs) No of workers
110-120 8 150-160 62
120-130 16 160-170 32
130-140 30 170-180 15
140.150 45 180-190 6

19. Compute Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness from the following data
Value : 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
Frequency:4 7 9 18 15 10 5

20. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness from the following data and
interpret the results
Income Income
0 and above 150
10 and above 140
20 and above 100
30 and above 80
40 and above 80
50 and above 70
60 and above 30
70 and above 14
80 and above 0

21. Following figures relate to the size of capital of companies:

Capital in lakh of Rs:1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35
No of Companies : 20 27 29 38 48 53 70
Find out the coefficient of skewness with the help of Bowley’s measure of skewness.
What conclusion do you draw from the skewness measured by you?
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22. Calculate Bowley’s coefficient of skewness for the following series

Marks below:10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
No of Persons:10 50 70 70 80 120 136 150 150

Correlation
23. Find coefficient of correlation for the following
Cost Rs: 39 65 62 90 82 75 25 98 36 78
Sales Rs: 47 53 58 86 62 68 60 91 51 84

24. Making use of the data summarized below calculate the coefficient of correlation r12 :
Case : A B C D E F G H
X1: 10 6 9 10 12 13 11 9
X2 9 4 6 9 11 13 8 4

25. Calculate coefficient of correlation for the following data of sales (x) and expenses
(y) in lakhs of rupees of 10 firms;
X; 46 33 41 38 36 45 34 37 50 40
Y: 12 13 24 16 15 14 21 17 19 19

26. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data
X: 6 8 12 15 18 20 24 28 31
Y: 10 12 15 15 18 25 22 26 28
Calculation of correlation coefficient when change of scale and Origin is made
27. Find the coefficient of correlation from the following data:
X: 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Y: 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
When the deviations are taken from an assumed mean
28. Compute Karl Person’s correlation coefficient for the data given below
X: 45 55 56 58 60 65 68 70 75 80 85
Y: 56 50 48 60 62 64 65 70 74 82 90

29. The following table gives the distribution of the total population and those who are
wholly or partially blind among them. Find out if there is only relation between age
and blindness.
Age: 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
No of persons: 100 60 40 36 24 11 6 3
Per thousand
Blind: 55 40 40 40 36 22 18 15
30. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation for the following data
X: 78 89 97 69 59 79 68 61
Y; 125 137 156 112 107 136 123 108

31. The following figures give capital employed by a firm in ten successive years
together with the profit make in each year both in thousands of rupees.
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Capital: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Profit: 2 4 8 5 10 15 14 20 22 30
Rank Correlation
32. Two judges in a beauty contest rank the 12 entries as follows
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Y: 12 9 6 10 3 5 4 7 8 2 11 1

33. Ten competitors in a beauty contest are ranked by three judges in the following order
1st judge: 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
2nd judge: 3 5 8 4 7 10 9 1 6 9
rd
3 judge: 6 4 9 8 1 6 3 10 5 7
Where Ranks are not given
34. Calculate Spearman’s coefficient of correlation for the following distribution
Marks in Statistics: 48 60 72 62 56 40 39 52 30
Marks in accountancy: 62 78 65 70 38 54 60 32 3
When equal ranks are given
35. Calculate the coefficient of rank correlation from the following data.
X: 48 33 40 9 16 16 65 24 16 57
Y: 13 13 24 6 15 4 20 9 6 19

36. Calculate the rank coefficient of correlation of the following data

X: 80 78 75 75 68 67 60 59
Y: 12 13 14 14 14 16 15 17

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