Physical Chemistry LAB LAB No #02 1

EXPERIMENT # 02
Objective:
To determine the Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm of acetic acid and charcoal system?

Apparatus:
➢ Burette, Pipette, Funnel, Titration Flask, Stoppered Bottle

Chemical Required:
➢ Acetic Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Phenolphthalein, Activated Charcoal

Diagram:

Acetic Acid

Figure: Adsorption phenomenon

Theory:
Adsorption:(Surface Phenomenon) Phenomenon of accumulation of substance on the
surface of solid called adsorption
Adsorbate: the substance adsorbed on the surface called adsorbate
Adsorbent: the surface on whose surface adsorption occur called adsorption
Absorption: (Bulk Phenomenon) in case the substance is not only retained on the surface but
passes through the surface to become distributed throughout the body of a solid
In 1916, Irving Langmuir published a new model isotherm for gases adsorbed to
solids, which retained his name. It is a semi-empirical isotherm derived from a proposed
kinetic mechanism. This isotherm was based on different assumptions one of which is that
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dynamic equilibrium exists between adsorbed gaseous molecules and the free gaseous
molecules. It is based on four assumptions:
1. The surface of the adsorbent is uniform, that is, all the adsorption sites are equivalent.
2. Adsorbed molecules do not interact.
3. All adsorption occurs through the same mechanism.
4. At the maximum adsorption, only a monolayer is formed: molecules of adsorbate do not deposit
on other, already adsorbed, molecules of adsorbate, only on the free surface of the adsorbent.
Langmuir suggested that adsorption takes place through this mechanism:

Procedure:
I. before starting experiment first of all 0.4M NaOH standardized with 0.4M Acetic
Acid.
II. Then prepare the 1 M Acetic acid solution
III. Dilute the acetic acid solution and prepare solutions of acetic acid having Bottle ‘M’
different concentration A 0.5
IV. take 5 dry-clean stoppered bottle and label them A, B, C, D, E (0.1, 0.2, B 0.4
0.3, 0.4, 0.5 molar) respectively and add 100ML acetic acid solution in C 0.3
each bottle D 0.2
V. Add 1-gram charcoal in each stoppered bottle. E 0.1
VI. Shake each stoppered bottle for one an hour.
VII. Filter each solution with help of separating funnel.
VIII. Taking 10 cm3 of filtrate and titrated it again 0.4 NaOH.
IX. 3-4 drops phenolphthalein is added as the indicator.
X. Note the reading when slightly pink color appears

Observations & Calculations:

Table # 1
Initial Conc. Amount of Charcoal Final Conc.
Sr. # Bottle #
Of CH3COOH Added Of CH3COOH
Numeric ‘M’ ‘g’ ‘M’

1 A 0.5 1 0.27

2 B 0.4 1 0.21

3 C 0.3 1 0.15

4 D 0.2 1 0.09

5 E 0.1 1 0.03
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Graphical Representation:

LANGMUIR ADSORPTION ISOTHERM

1.4

1.173913043
1.2
1.105263158

1
1

0.818181818
CE/X/M

0.8

0.6
Series1
0.6
Linear (Series1)

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

CE

Result:
The graph is straight line which prove the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.