DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK.............................................................................................................................. i

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................ iii

DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................................... vi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................ 2

1.5 Metodologi Penelitian .......................................................................................... 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 4

2.1 Teknologi Pengelasan .......................................................................................... 4

2.1.1 Sejarah Pengelasan ........................................................................................ 4

2.1.2 Definisi Pengelasan ....................................................................................... 4

2.1.3 Klasifikasi Pengelasan .................................................................................. 5

2.2 Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) ................................................................ 6

2.2.1 Komponen-komponen Las SMAW ......................................................... 8

2.3 Elektroda Pada Kawat Las SMAW .................................................................. 10

2.4 Posisi Pengelasan .................................................................................................. 13

2.5 Cacat Las.................................................................................................................. 15

2.6 Metalurgi Las.......................................................................................................... 22

2.7 Baja ............................................................................................................................ 23

2.7.1 Sejarah Baja ..................................................................................................... 24

 2.7.2 Klasifikasi Baja .............................................................................................. 25

2.7.3 Baja ST 37 ....................................................................................................... 27

2.8 Mesin Pencetak Briket Arang ............................................................................ 27

2.8.1 Mesin Diesel ................................................................................................... 28

2.8.2 Gear Box .......................................................................................................... 28

2.8.3 Poros.................................................................................................................. 28

2.8.4 Puli ..................................................................................................................... 29

2.8.5 Bantalan............................................................................................................ 29

2.8.6 Sabuk................................................................................................................. 30

2.9 Pengujian Hasil Pengelasan................................................................................ 30

2.9.1 Tensile Test ...................................................................................................... 30

2.9.2 Torsion Test ..................................................................................................... 34

2.9.3 Hardness Test ................................................................................................. 35

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................................. 36

3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................................ 36

3.1.1 Tempat .............................................................................................................. 36

3.1.2 Waktu ................................................................................................................ 36

3.2 Alat dan Bahan ....................................................................................................... 36

3.2.1 Alat ..................................................................................................................... 36

3.2.2 Bahan ................................................................................................................. 41

3.3 Prosedur Percobaan .............................................................................................. 41

3.4 Analisis Data ........................................................................................................... 45

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................... 47

4.1 Pendahuluan ............................................................................................................ 47

 4.2 Hasil Uji Kekerasan (Hardness Test) .............................................................. 47

4.3 Hasil Uji Tarik (Tensile Test) ............................................................................ 51

4.4 Hasil Uji Puntir (Torsion Test) .......................................................................... 60

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................................ 62

5.1 Kesimpulan....................................................................................................................... 62

5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................................... 62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Pengelasan ................................................................................... 5

Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Elektroda AWS A5. 1-69 ....................................................... 10

Tabel 3.1 Komposisi Kimia Baja ST 37 ...................................................................... 41

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan ......... 47

Tabel 4.2 Nilai Kekerasan Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan ................................. 47

Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan ........... 48

Tabel 4.4 Nilai Kekerasan Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan ................................... 48

Tabel 4.5 Data Hasil Uji Tarik Sebelum Dilakukan Pengelasan...................... 49

Tabel 4.6 Data Hasil Uji Tarik Setelah Dilakukan Pengelasan ........................ 50

Tabel 4.7 Nilai Tegangan Tiap Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan ........................ 50

Tabel 4.8 Nilai Tegangan Tiap Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan .......................... 52

Tabel 4.9 Nilai Regangan Tiap Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan........................ 53

Tabel 4.10 Nilai Regangan Tiap Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan ........................ 54

Tabel 4.11 Nilai Modulus Elastisitas Tiap Spesimen Sebelum Pengelaan ... 56

Tabel 4.12 Nilai Modulus Elastisitas Tiap Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan .... 57

Tabel 4.13 Nilai Hasil Pengujian Puntir Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan ..... 58

Tabel 4.14 Nilai Hasil Pengujian Puntir Spesimen Sesudah Pengelasan ...... 59
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Las SMAW ................................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2.2 Mesin Las SMAW...................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.3 Kabel Klem Massa dan Holder ............................................................ 9

Gambar 2.4 Elektroda Las SMAW.............................................................................. 10

Gambar 2.5 Posisi Pengelasan Sambungan Groove............................................... 14

Gambar 2.6 Posisi Pengelasan Sambungan Fillet .................................................. 14

Gambar 2.7 Posisi Pengelasan Pada Pipa.................................................................. 15

Gambar 2.8 Cacat Las Produktivitas .......................................................................... 16

Gambar 2.9 Cacat Las Incomplete Penetration ....................................................... 17

Gambar 2.10 Cacat Las Undercut................................................................................. 18

Gambar 2.11 Cacat Las Slag Inclusion ...................................................................... 19

Gambar 2.12 Cacat Las Lack Of Fusion .................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.13 Cacat Las Over Spatter .......................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.14 Cacat Las Hot Crack dan Cold Cracking ........................................ 22

Gambar 2.15 Tiga Daerah Lasan.................................................................................. 23

Gambar 2.16 Mesin Pencetak Briket Arang ............................................................ 27

Gambar 2.17 Mesin Diesel ............................................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.18 Gear Box ..................................................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.19 Poros ............................................................................................................. 29

Gambar 2.20 Puli................................................................................................................. 29

Gambar 2.21 Bantalan ...................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.22 Sabuk ............................................................................................................ 30

Gambar 2.23 Kurva Tegangan-Regangan ................................................................ 31

Gambar 3.1 Mesin Gergaji .............................................................................................. 36

Gambar 3.2 Mesin Las SMAW...................................................................................... 37

Gambar 3.3 Elektroda ....................................................................................................... 37

Gambar 3.4 Mesin Gerinda............................................................................................. 38

Gambar 3.5 Mesin Bubut ................................................................................................. 38

Gambar 3.6 Jangka Sorong............................................................................................. 39

Gambar 3.7 Kertas Pasir.................................................................................................. 39

Gambar 3.8 Mesin Brinnel Hardness Tester ............................................................. 40

Gambar 3.9 Mesin Tensile Tester .................................................................................. 40

Gambar 3.10 Mesin Torsion Tester .............................................................................. 41

Gambar 3.11 Spesimen Uji Kekerasan ....................................................................... 42

Gambar 3.12 Spesimen Uji Tarik ................................................................................. 43

Gambar 3.13 Spesimen Uji Torsi ................................................................................. 43

Gambar 4.1 Spesimen Uji Kekerasan ......................................................................... 49

Gambar 4.2 Diagram Tegangan Tarik Sebelum Pengelasan ............................ 51

Gambar 4.3 Diagram Tegangan Tarik Setelah Pengelasan ............................... 52

Gambar 4.4 Diagram Regangan Spesimen Sebelum Pengelasan .................... 53

Gambar 4.5 Diagram Regangan Spesimen Setelah Pengelasan ....................... 55

Gambar 4.6 Diagram Modulus Elastisitas Sebelum Pengelasan...................... 56

Gambar 4.7 Diagram Modulus Elastisitas Setelah Pengelasan ........................ 57

Gambar 4.8 Spesimen Uji Tarik ................................................................................... 58

Gambar 4.9 Diagram Nilai Torsion vs Sudut Sebelum Pengelasan ................ 59

Gambar 4.10 Diagram Nilai Torsion vs Sudut Sesudah Pengelasan .............. 60

Gambar 4.11 Spesimen Uji Puntir ............................................................................... 60

 DAFTAR NOTASI

Simbol Nama Keterangan Satuan

H Panas Joule

E Tegangan Listrik Volt

I Kuat Arus Ampere

t Waktu detik

σ sigma tegangan N/mm2

ε epsilon regangan %

F Gaya / beban N

A Luas Penampang mm2

L Panjang mm

∆L Pertambahan Panjang mm