Profile Alar

Analysis CFX

Hector Ivan Hidalgo Rodriguez

15110157

23/03/2018

University Polytechnic of Chihuahua

Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objective of Study ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Literature ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Assumptions ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Material Specifications and Fluid Flow ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Free Body Diagram Schematic ..................................................................................................................... 4
Mesh Specifications 3D ................................................................................................................................ 5
Teory about profile....................................................................................................................................... 5
Results........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Graph Momentum and Mass & Turbulence................................................................................................ 8
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Table of material ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Introduction

An aerodynamic profile like the section of wing cut by a plane parallel to the rope of the same,
the profiles can be two, symmetric and asymmetric. A symmetrical profile is a profile without
camber. Clearly in the symmetrical profiles the upper part is the same to the lower one. the
asymmetric profiles have the advantage of generating greater lifting, and better benefits in the
entry into loss.
In this analysis I learn about the lines of flow, this line is that produce the sustentation in the
aircraft. I watch how the pressure changes while pass around the profile. So, I will learn about
the center pressure and the wake in the profile.
Objective of Study
 The student must analyze the Fluid Flow CFX
 Create a boundary for our piece
 The student must learn to analyze the graph of turbulence and momentum and mass
 Learn to identify the variables like: pressure, speed air
 Learn about the lines flow, pressure center, turbulence
 Analyze the directions flow around profile.

Literature
1. Aerodynamics- Houghton y Carpenter- Book
2. Aerodynamic profile design - Tesis.

Assumptions
1. The relative pressure is 0.94 atm.
2. The speed flow is 250 m/s
3. Boundary is cube
4. The edge of attack is Inlet
5. The trailing edge is Outlet
6. It is an asymmetric profile

Free Body Diagram Schematic

Boundary
Out

Int

INT.- Inlet
OUT. - Outlet
BOUNDARY. - Boundary Conditions
Mesh Specifications 3D
Node Elements Method
169393 967268 Automatic

Teory about profile

Parts of the profile aerodynamic:
Edge of attack. - It is the front edge of the wing, or the sea the line that joins the front part of all
the profiles that form the wing; or in other words: the part of the wing that contacts the air flow.
Trailing edge. - It is the rear edge of the wing, the line joining the back of all wing profiles; or in
other words: the part of the wing where the air flow disturbed by the wing returns to the free
current.
Extrados. - Upper part of the wing between the edges of attack and exit.
Intrados. - Lower part of the wing between the edges of attack and exit.
Thickness. - Maximum distance between the extrados and the intrados.
Rope. - It is imaginary straight-line draw between the front and back edges of each profile.
Medium string. - Since the wing profiles are not generally the same, but they are decreasing
towards the ends, the same happens with the rope of each one. Therefore, since each profile has
a different chain, it is normal to speak of a medium chain.
Line of 25% of the rope. - Imaginary line that would be obtained when joining all the points
located at 25% of the length of the rope of each profile, measured distance starting from the
leading edge.
Curvature. - From the wing to the trailing edge. Upper curvature refers to the upper surface
(extrados); lower to the lower surface (intrados), and medium curvature equidistant to both
surfaces. Although it can be given in the absolute figure, it is normal to express it in% of the string.
Alar surface. - Total surface corresponding to the wings.
Wingspan. - Distance between the two ends of the wings. By simple geometry, if we multiply the
span by the middle rope we must obtain the wing surface.
Operation profile aerodynamic

The increase in air velocity on the extrados of a profile, with respect to the velocity of the air in
the intrados, generates a difference of pressures between both surfaces of the profile. The
increase in air velocity on the extrados of a profile, with respect to the velocity of the air in the
intrados, generates a difference of pressures between both surfaces of the profile.

When the angle of attack increases, the pressures in the extrados are lower than those of the
intrados, obtaining a vertical force. the point where that force is applied is called the pressure
center. The distribution of pressures in the symmetrical profile is similar in both extrados and
intrados, same magnitude but in the opposite direction.

The aerodynamic forces on a body are two.

 Distribution of pressures on the surface (P)

 Distribution of shear stresses on the surface (t)
Many factors contribute to the total lift generated by a profile, the increase in velocity due to a
pressure difference, the lift increases with the square of the speed, the increase in lift generates
an increase in drag.

Centre of pressure
The aerodynamic forces on an aerofoil section may be represented by a lift, a drag, and a pitching
moment. At each value of the lift coefficient there will be found to be one point about which the
pitching moment coefficient is zero, and the aerodynamic effects on the aerofoil section may be
represented by the lift and the drag alone acting at that point. This special point is termed the
center of pressure. The pressure distribution over a body in viscous flow differs from that in an
ideal inviscid flow. If the flow is inviscid, it can be shown that the flow speed at the trailing edge
is zero, implying that the pressure coefficient is +1. But in a real flow the body plus the boundary-
layer displacement thickness has a finite width at the trailing edge, so the flow speed does not
fall to zero, and therefore the pressure coefficient is less than +1.

This combines to generate a net drag as follows. The relatively high pressures around the nose
of the aerofoil tend to push it backwards. Whereas the region of the suction pressures that
follows, extending up to the point of maximum thickness, act to generate a thrust pulling the
aerofoil forwards.
The wake
Behind anybody moving in air is a wake, just as there is a wake behind a ship. Although the wake
in air is not normally visible it may be felt, as when, for example, a bus passes by. The total drag
of a body appears as a loss of momentum and increase of energy in this wake. The loss of
momentum appears as a reduction of average flow speed, while the increase of energy is seen
as violent eddying (or vorticity) in the wake. The size and intensity of the wake is therefore an
indication of the profile drag of the body.
 Results
Velocity Pressure Directional Heat #Points #Points
Streamline Gradient 2 Flux 3 Streamline Pressure
𝑚 𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝑔
100 1000
2.7144 5.42𝑥106 𝑚2 𝑠2 5.42𝑥106 𝑚2 𝑠2
𝑠

Graph Momentum and Mass & Turbulence

Graph Momentum and Mass

 Graph Turbulence

Conclusions
A comparison of steady and unsteady flow it shows a section of a stationary wing with air flowing
past, the velocity of the air a long way from the wing is constant at V, as shown. The flow
parameters are measured at some point fixed relative to the wing. The flow perturbations
produced at P by the body will be the same at all time, the flow is steady relative to a set of axes
fixed in the body.

As example of true unsteady flow is the wake behind a bluff body, a circular cylinder the air is
flowing from left to right and the system of eddies or vortices behind the cylinder is moving in
the same direction at a somewhat lower speed. This region of slowest moving fluid is the wake.
Consider a point P.
Thus, even though the flow in some region may be unsteady, there may be some other region
where the unsteadiness is negligibly small, so that the glow there may be regarded as steady
with sufficient accuracy for all practical purposes.
Appendix

Figure 1. Velocity Streamline

Figure 2. Pressure Gradient 2

Figure 3. Pressure Gradient 3