Name: RESKY ALFIANSYAH A

Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics: Activity 2: Comparative Spirometry Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. A normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around

You correctly answered: d. 500 ml.

2. Which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema?

You correctly answered: c. expiration

3. During an asthma attack

You correctly answered: b. inspiration and expiration are impaired.

4. During moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most?
You correctly answered: a. tidal volume

5. Inhaler medications for an asthma patient are designed to

You correctly answered: b. dilate the patient's bronchioles.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: With emphysema, there is a significant loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissue and a noticeable,
exhausting muscular effort is required for each expiration. Inspiration actually becomes easier because the lung is now
overly compliant.

What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema is
selected (select all that apply)?
Your answer : b. ERV c. IRV d. RV e. FVC g. FEV1 h. FEV1 (%)

Predict Question 2: During an acute asthma attack, airway resistance is significantly increased by (1) increased thick
mucous secretions and (2) airway smooth muscle spasms.

What lung values will change (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient suffering an acute asthma
attack is selected (select all that apply)?
Your answer : a. TV b. ERV c. IRV d. RV e. FVC g. FEV1 h. FEV1 (%)

Predict Question 3: When an acute asthma attack occurs, many people seek relief from the increased airway resistance by
using an inhaler. This device atomizes the medication and induces bronchiole dilation (though it can also contain an
anti-inflammatory agent).

What lung values will change back to those of the normal patient in the spirogram after the asthma patient uses an inhaler
(select all that apply)?
Your answer : c. IRV d. RV e. FVC g. FEV1 h. FEV1 (%)

Predict Question 4: During moderate aerobic exercise, the human body will change its respiratory cycle in order to meet
increased metabolic demands. During heavy exercise, further changes in respiration are required to meet the extreme
metabolic demands of the body.

Which lung value will change more during moderate exercise, the ERV or the IRV?
Your answer : a. IRV

Stop & Think Questions:

When obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 (%)?
You correctly answered: b. It decreases.

Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient?
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.

Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient?
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.

Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient?
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.

Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient?
You correctly answered: b. It decreased.

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Which values in this spirogram have not returned to those of the normal patient (select all that apply)?
Your answer: c. IRV d. RV e. FVC g. FEV1 h. FEV1 (%)
Correct answer: c. IRV d. RV e. FVC g. FEV1

For both types of exercise, the tidal volumes and breathing rates were increased. Compared with normal values, did tidal
volume or breathing rate increase more during moderate exercise? (Determine the percentage by which each value
changed.)
You correctly answered: b. tidal volume

Experiment Data:

Patient Type TV ERV IRV RV FVC TLC FEV1 FEV1 (%)

Heavy Exercise 3650 750 600 1000 ND 6000 ND ND
Moderate Exercise 1875 1125 2000 1000 ND 6000 ND ND
Asthma Attack Plus Inhaler 500 1500 2800 1200 4800 6000 3840 80%
Acute Asthma Attack 300 750 2700 2250 3750 6000 1500 40%
Emphysema 500 750 2000 2750 3250 6000 1625 50%
Normal 500 1500 3000 1000 5000 6000 4000 80%

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following respiratory values represents a decreased flow rate during the obstructive lung disease(s)?
You correctly answered: c. FEV1

2. Calculate the ERV of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: TLC = 6000 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, RV = 1200
ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml.
You correctly answered: d. 1400 ml

3. Calculate the FVC of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: RV = 1000 ml, IRV = 3000 ml, TV = 500 ml,
ERV = 1500 ml.
You correctly answered: b. 5000 ml

4. What is the largest volume for the normal patient?

You correctly answered: a. IRV

5. What happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient?
You correctly answered: d. It increased for both patients.

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Review Sheet Results
1. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema was
selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
1.Volume yang berubah disaat pasien penyakit emfisema dibandingkan dengan orang normal adalah ERV (1500-750),
IRV (3000-2000), RV ( 1000-2750), FVC (5000-3250), FEV1 (4000-1625) FEV1% ( 80%-50%). Nilai-nilai ini berubah karena
terdapat sumbatan pada jalur udara sehingga menyebabkan paru-paru sulit untuk mengembang. Emfisema juga
dipengarhui besar karena rusaknya dinding atau kantung alveoli

2. Which of these two parameters changed more for the patient with emphysema, the FVC or the FEV1?
Your answer:
2.Perubahan yang signifikan disaat seseorang mengidap penyakit emfisema adalah FEV1. Pernyataan ini dapat dilihat
berdasarkan table uji yang normalnya mencapai 4000 kemudian di saat dicoba pada penderita emfisema hanya mencapau
1625

3. What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient experiencing an acute
asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your
prediction?
Your answer:
3.Pada penderita penyakit Acute asthma attack terjadi perubahan signnifikan pada TV ( 500-300), ERV ( 1500-750), IRV (
3000-2700), RV (1000-2250), FVC ( 5000-3750), FEV 1 (4000-1500) dan untuk persentase FEV1% adalah dari 80%
menjadi 40%. Hal ini terjadi karena menyempitnya saluran pernafasan sehinngga menyebabkan kelainan obstruksi pada
pernafasan.

4. How is having an acute asthma attack similar to having emphysema? How is it different?
Your answer:
4.Asma akut dan penyakit emfisema tentu sangat berbeda. Berdasarkan dengan teori praktikum, bahwa asma akut terjadi
akibat kelainan obstruktif pada pernapasan yang diakibatkan karena menyempitnya saluran pernapasan. Dibandingkan
dengan emfisema yang merupakan kelainan campuran dari obstriktif dan restriktif yang disebabkan karena rusaknya
kantung pada saluran pernapasan dan terjadi penyumbatan pada jalur udara sehingga menyebabkan paru-paru sulit untuk
mengembang. Berdasarkan table yang ada bahwa nilai TV untuk keduanya bebeda ( akut asma : 300, emfisema : 500),
ERV nya sama, IRV ( asma akut : 2700, emfisema : 2000), RV (asma akut : 2250, emfisema : (2750), FVC ( asma akut :
3750, emfisema : 3250) FEV1 ( asma akut : 1500, emfisema : 1625) dan persentasenya hanya beda 10%. Untuk asma akut
40% dan emfisema 50%

5. Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the asthmatic patient. Did all spirogram values return to "normal"?
Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
5.Obat inhalasi berguna untuk menguapkan obat dan langsung dapat dipakai. Efek utama dari penggunaan obat ini
adalah dapat mengurangu resitensi saluran napas. Hal ini terjadi karena inhaler mengandung smooth muscle relaxant
yang dapat melegakan bronkospasme dan menginduksi pelebaran bronkiolus, juga mengandung anti inflamasi seperti
kortikosteroid. Untuk perubahan yang terjadi berdasarkan table dari praktikum yang kembali ke normal adalah TV dan ERV.
Terdapat volume yang mendekati normal yakni IRV hanya beda 200 dengan normalnya, RV beda 200, FVC beda 200,
FEV1 beda 160. Namun secara keseluruhan dan di persentasekan dengan menggunakan inhaler persentasenya sudah
sama dengan normal yakni 80%

6. How much of an increase in FEV1 do you think is required for it to be considered significantly improved by the
medication?

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Your answer:
6.Untuk mendcapai nilai normal peningkatan FEV1 dapat ditningkatkan sebanyak 10-15 %

7. With moderate aerobic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? How well did the
results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
7.IRV merupakan volume yang dapat berubah secara signifikan disaat melakukan aktivitas dan banyak berolahraga

8. Compare the breathing rates during normal breathing, moderate exercise, and heavy exercise.
Your answer:
8.Tingkat pernapasan akan meningkat disaat dalam moderate dan heavy exercise. Tetapi peningkatan yang lebih besar
dan laju yang sangat meningkat disaat heavy exercise.

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