GROUP MEMBERS

 NIAZ ALI

 FAZAL KAREEM

 MUHAMMAD HARIS KHAN

 FAROQ IQBAL

 ASIF KHAN

 ARIF KHAN

 ABDUL MALIK

 AMJAD KAHN

 IRFAN ULLAH

1
 PREFACE :

This report comprises the summary of work we achieved during our final year project (FYP). The
task we choose to carry out during the year is the design Of a Civil Dispensary.

The effort is conducted under the supervision of Professor Dr BAZID KHAN.

This report provides a detailed exposition of the tasks we completed towards accomplishing our
project goals. We begin by introducing the topic we selected and explaining the primary
reasons that encouraged us to select this particular subject as our Final Year Project. We
provide all the necessary background on the topic through an exhaustive literature survey. We
then go over the primary goals we achieved and provide a brief explanation of the path that
was followed in order to achieve these goals. We then present the phases for implementing
the various tasks of the project, Afterwards we provide a description of the way we divided the
various tasks amongst ourselves, and provide tables portraying the timeline of our project as
well as all the important milestones. We conclude our report by mentioning the design
constraints we came across throughout the life of the FYP and how these constraints were
addressed.

2
 Concrete slab:
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Horizontal slabs of
steel reinforced concrete, typically between 100 and 500 millimeters thick, are most often used
to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving.
In many domestic and industrial buildings a thick concrete slab, supported on foundations or
directly on the subsoil, is used to construct the ground floor of a building. In high rise buildings
and skyscrapers, thinner, pre-cast concrete slabs are slung between the steel frames to form
the floors and ceilings on each level.
On the technical drawings, reinforced concrete slabs are often abbreviated to "r.c.slab" or
simply "r.c.".

Design

For a suspended slab, there are a number of designs to improve the strength-to-weight ratio. In
all cases the top surface remains flat, and the underside is modulated:

 Corrugated, usually where the concrete is poured into a corrugated steel tray. This
improves strength and prevents the slab bending under its own weight. The corrugations
run across the short dimension, from side to side.
 A ribbed slab, giving considerable extra strength on one direction.
 A waffle slab, giving added strength in both directions.
Reinforcement design

 A one way slab needs moment resisting reinforcement only in its short-direction. Because,
the moment along long axes is so small that it can be neglected. When the ratio of the
length of long direction to short direction of a slab is greater than 2 it can be considered as
a one way slab.

 A two way slab needs moment resisting reinforcement in both directions. If the ratio of the
lengths of long and short side is less than one then moment in both direction should be
considered in design.

3
Construction

A concrete slab may be prefabricated or in situ. Prefabricated concrete slabs are built in a
factory and transported to the site, ready to be lowered into place between steel or concrete
beams. They may be pre-stressed (in the factory), post-stressed (on site), or unstressed. It is
vital that the supporting structure is built to the correct dimensions, or the slabs may not fit.
In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork - a type of boxing into which
the wet concrete is poured. If the slab is to be reinforced, the rebars are positioned within the
formwork before the concrete is poured in. Plastic tipped metal, or plastic bar chairs are used
to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the form-work, so that when the concrete
sets it completely envelops the reinforcement. For a ground slab, the form-work may consist
only of sidewalls pushed into the ground. For a suspended slab, the form-work is shaped like a
tray, often supported by a temporary scaffold until the concrete sets.

The formwork is commonly built from wooden planks and boards, plastic, or steel. On
commercial building sites today, plastic and steel are more common as they save labour. On
low-budget sites, for instance when laying a concrete garden path, wooden planks are very
common. After the concrete has set the wood may be removed, or left there permanently.
In some cases formwork is not necessary - for instance, a ground slab surrounded by brick or
block foundation walls, where the walls act as the sides of the tray andhardcore acts as the
base.

One Way Slab:

General

1) One-way slabs are those slabs with an aspect ratio Lb/La is 2 or greater, in which
bending is primarily about the long axis. In heavily loaded slabs, the thickness is
often governed by shear or flexure, while in lightly-loaded slabs, the thickness is
generally chosen based on deflection limitations. Both lightly and heavily loaded
slabs are typically dimensioned so that no shear reinforcement is required, as
placing stirrups in slabs is perceived to be difficult and costly. One-way slabs are
designed for flexure and shear on a per meter width basis, assuming that they
act as a series of independent strips. Thus one-way shear in slabs is often
referred to as beam shear, and design for flexure and shear is carried out using a
beam analogy.

Defining:

4
 2) A One Way slab is a Slab which Transmit load only along one direction that is to
the two supports along its parallel edges.

If the slab is supported only along its two edges then it is essentially one way
slab irrespective of its direction.
Figure:

Longer side =22'

lb

Shorter
As = lb/la Side = 10'
22
=10 la
2.2 > 2

3) If slab is supported along all its edges then it will be one way slab if ratio of
longer dimension to the shorter dimension is greater or equal to 2 .In such cases
the load transmitted along the longer dimension is small and is ignore in
Designing

STEPS FOR DESIGNING ONE WAY SLAB:

Step no 1:

5
 Load Calculation:

Calculate Dead load From the Given Detail Of roof slab and select Live load.

Step No 2:

Check For one way slab OR two Way slab:

Deside or check that whether the roof slab is either Oneway slab or Two way
slab.

Steo No 3:

Slab Thickness:

Select thickness if slab greater then the required Minimun thickness:

Table For Minimum thickness for One way slab

Steel Strength Fy Simply One end Both end Cantilever

= Supported Continues Continuous
Fy = 60 KSI l/20 l/24 l/28 l/8
Fy = 40 KSi l/20 x (.4 + l/24 x (.4 L/28 x = L/10
fy/100000) = +fy/100000) = (.4+fy/100000) =
L/25 L/30 L/35
These are all for Normal concrete 150 lb/cft

Step No 4:

Effective span:

Find Efective span.

Step No 5:

Find Moment:

Find Moment at the critical sections.

Step No 6:

Find Steel:

6
Find Steel in Both Directions if the slab is one way then Temp(steel) will be
provided along the longer direction witout any calculation and designing bt othe
side Should b design two way Both sides.

7
SPECIFICATIONS FOR ONE WAY SLAB :
1) Use Yeild strength fy = 40 Ksi

2) Compressive strength of Concrete Fc’ = 4 Ksi

3) Spacing:

One way

a) Main steel < 3h

b) Tempreture steel < 5h

4) Concrete cover = 1.5

5) Slab Depth > 5”

8
 Partition wall
A
DISPENSARY
20'*15' Assesment room
15'x15'
Medical office
16'*21'
Verenda Bath
8' WIDE 6'*8'
Beam

9
Plan OF DISPENSARY A
DATA=

Fy=40 ksi Fc’= 4 Ksi

1) hmin = l/24 (0.4=Fy/100000) = 8/24×(0.4+40000/100000)×12

hmin=3.2”

2) hmin = 15/24× (0.4 + 40,000/100,000) × 12 = 6”

3) hmin = Perimeter/180 =2 × (17 +21) / 180 × 12 = 5.06” Say 5 “

Take hmin = 6”

Calculation :

Self weight¥h = 150 × 6/12 = 75 lb/ft2

Ceiling finish = ¥ × 0.5/12 = 6 lbs/ft2

= 150 × 0.5/12 = 6 lbs/ft2

weight of mud = 100 × 2/12 =17 lbs/ft2

Weight of tiles = 120 × 2/12 = 20 lbs/ft

Total dead load = 118lbs/ft

TOTAL LIVE LOAD = 20 lbs/ft2

10
Factored load or ultimate load

Wu = 1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L

Wu = 1.2 ×118 + 1.6 × 20 = 174 lbs/ft2

1.74 kip/ft2

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11
12
REFRENCE GRASP SOFTWARE FOR ANALYZING

Solution data:

M = 1.06 x 6.09+0.174x6.09x60 x= 1.06/.174 = 6.09

= -3.228

0.174x = .24 / 0.174 = 1.38

A = .24 x 1.38 -0 .174 x 1.38 x1.38/2

Then

+M1 = 0.116 K- ft -M2 = -3.676

+M3 = 3.228 k-ft

DESIGHING:

m = fy/0.85 fc’ = 40/0.85x4

m = 11.76

Rn = Mu / bd2 =3.676x1000x12 / 0.9 x 12x 5 2

Rn = 1/m ( 1- √ 1 – 2Rn(m) / fy

∫ = 1/11.76 (1 √ 1- 2x11.76x(163.38) / 40,000

∫ = 0.00418

As = ρbd = 0.00418 x 12x5 = 0.25 in2

As min = 0.002 bh= 0.002x12x6 = 0.144 in2

ρmax = 0.85 x 0.85x 4/40 ( 0.003/0.003+0.005) = 0.027

Fc’ =40 ksiβi = 0.85

As max =ρmax bxd

=0.027x12x5 = 1.62 in2

13
 So, Asmin<Aspro<Asmax

So use As = 0.25 in2

Spacing = 12 x Bar Area / steel area

12x0.196/0.25 = 21.12 Spacing

9.2” = 10” c/c

Used #4 bar @10” c/c

Check 10”< 3h ok MAIN

Asmin =Temperature steel

Spacing = bar Area /Steel Area x 12

Spacing = /4 ( 3/8)2 12 / 0.144 = 9.2 Say 9” c/c

Use #3 @9 “ c/c

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

14
 #4@
10"c/c

#3 @ 9"
c/c

One way slab:

For Moment 3.676 kip ft

THE following rooms are involved

a) Dispensary Room
b) Assessment Room
c) Bath Room
d) Veranda

15
For Moment 1 +M1 = 0.166 k-ft

Rn= Mu/bd2 0.166/0.90x12x(5)2

M = fy / 0.85 fc’ > 40/0.85x4 = 11.76

Rn = 0.166 x 1000 x12 / 0.9x12x(50)2 =

Rn= 7.8

ρpro = 1/m (1- √ 1 – 2 mRn ) / fy

ρpro= 1/11.76 x( 1 - √ 1-2x11.76x7.38) / 40,000

ρpro = 0.000184

As = ρ bd 0.000184 x 12x 5

As = 0.011 in2

As min = 0.002 bh 0.002 x 12 x 6

Asmin = 0.144 in2

Check Asmin< Asprov

SPACING :

For Shorter span (use # 4)

Spacing = Bar Areax12 / Steel Area π/4(4/8)2 x12/ 0.144 =16” c/c

Calculated Spacing = 16” c/c<3h ok

SPACING

For Larger Span: (use #3)

Spacing = 9” c/c < 5h ok

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16
 # 3@ 9"
c/c

#4 @ 10"
c/c

One way slab:

For Moment 1 +M1 = 0.166 k-ft

THE following rooms are involved

a) Dispensary Room
b) Assessment Room
c) Bath Room
d) Veranda

17
FOR POSSITIVE MOMENT

+M2 = 3.228 KIP-FT

m = 11.76 Rn = 3.228x1000x12/ 0.9x12x(5)2 = 717.33

ρpro= 1/11.76 ( 1 - √ 2x11.76x717.33)/40,0000= 0.0203

ρpro = 0.0203

AS pro = ρ bd = 0.0203x12 x5 =1.218in2

As pro = 1.218 in2

Asmin = min bxh

Asmin = 0.002x12x6

As min = 0.144in2

ρmax = 0.85x0.85x4/40 x (0.003/0.003+0.005)

ρ max = 0.0270

ASmax = ρmax bd =0.027x12x5

Asmax = 1.625 in2

Prove : ASmin<Aspro<Asmax FOR Shorter SPAN:

use #6

Spacing :π/4(6/8)2 / 1.128  4.35 say 5” c/c

5” < 3h ok

For Longer Span :

Spacing = π/4(3/8) 2/0.144 = 9.20= 10”

10” < 5h ok

18
 Use # 3@ 10” c/c

# 6@ 10"
c/c

#6 @ 5"
c/c

FOR POSSITIVE MOMENT

+M2 = 3.228 KIP-FT

THE following rooms are involved

e) Dispensary Room
f) Assessment Room
g) Bath Room
h) Veranda

19
Two Way Slab:

When a slab is Supported along its all Four Edges and the ratio of longer to the shorter
Span is less then two then the slab will be called as two way slab and it will design as
two way.because it trained two directions that is to

Aspect Ratio = Longer span lb/Shorter span la  lb/la  2

Figure:

Longer side =16'

lb

Shorter
As = lb/la Side = 10'
=16/10 la
1.6 < 2

Two Way Slab

20
Design Steps For Two Way slab:

ACI CO_EFFICIENT METHOD.

Step No 1:

Find Aspect Ratio to know whether it is One way or Two Way Slab

Longer Span/Shorter Span

Step 2:

Find minimum hieght hmin;

i) Perimeter/180

Step No 3:

Find Dead Load And Live Load including All othe loads.

SteP No 4:

Find Factored D.Load And Live LoAd Wu = (1.2 D.l + 1.6L.L)

Step No 5:

Find Aspect Ratio For Co efficient: Shorter span/longer span

Step No 6:

Select Values (co – efficients from table)

Step No 7:

Find Moment at critical sections by Co-efficient method.selectig co

efficient from tables..

Step No 8:

Find Steel in Both Directions of the slab, and find spacing.

21
SPECIFICATIONS FOR TWO WAY SLAB :
1) Use Yeild strength fy = 40 Ksi

2) Compressive strength of Concrete Fc’ = 4 Ksi

3) Spacing:

One way

a) Main steel < 3h

IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

4) Concrete cover = 1.5

5) Slab Depth > 5”

22
DESIGN FOR TWO WAY SLAB :

Figure:

TWO WAY
21' SLAB one end
Continuous

16'

TWO WAY SLAB

Aspect ratio :

a= Longer span/shorter span = 21/16 =1.3 < 2

Design As Two way slab.

Ratio:

Shorter/longer = 0.76  0.75

Referring to ratio Table

Possitive:

( Cal.l = 0.056) + (Cad.l = 0.051)

(Cal.l = 0.020) + (Cad.l = 0.020)

-(Ca = cb = 0.044)

L.L = 20 lbs/ft 2

23
24
25
26
27
D.L = 118lbs/ft 2

h = 6” fc’ = 4Ksi

d = 5” c.c = 1”

Wu d.l = 1.2 D.L  1.2 x 118 = 141.6 lbs/ft 2

Wu.l.l = 1.6 L.L = 1.6 x (20) = 174 lbs/ft 2

-ve Moment at Continuous End

Negative Moment:

Ma= Ca –ve Wu x la2

=0.044

= 0.083 x 174 x (16)2

= 3697.15 lbs/ft2

Possitive Moment :

Ma = Ca +ved.l x Wu d.l x la2

Ma =Ca +vel.l x Wu l.l x la2

 0.048 x 141.6 x (16) 2 + 0.055x32x(16) 2

Ma = 2190.54lb-ft

= 2.190 kip-ft

Negative moment at discontinuous end:

= 1/3 +ve M

- -veMa = 1/3 x 2190.54  730.18 lb-ft

Reinforcement for Shorter Span:

Negative:

28
  3697.15 lb-ft Max moment
 3.697.15 kip-ft

m = fy/0.85fc’ = 40/0.85x4 = 11.76

m= 11.76

Rn = Mu/bd2 3697.15 x 12/0.9x12x(5)2

Rn = 164.31

ρpro= 1/m x(1- √ 1- 2mRn)/fyfy = 40,000

ρpro = 1/11.76 (1- √ 1-2x11.76x167.31)/40,000

ρpro = 0.00421

As = ρbd2 0.00421x12x5

Aspro = 0.25 in2

As min = 0.144 in2

ρmax = 0.85x0.85x4/40x(0.003/0.003+0.005)

ρmax = 0.027

Asmax = 0.027

Asmax = ρ max bd = 0.027x12x5

Asmax = 1.62 in2

Asmin<Aspro<Asmax ok

Spacing:

For Shorter Span Use # 4

Spacing = Bar Area x 12/Steel Area

Spacing = π/4 (4/8)2 x 12/0.25 = 9.42 10” c/c

29
 Spacing = 10” < 3h 0k

Reinforcement For Longer Span :

-veM =Ca-ve x Wu x lb2

= 0.083 x 174 x 212

=6368.92 lb-ft

= 6.368 kip-ft

+ ve M cb +ved.l x Wud.l x (lb)2 + Cal.l +ve . Wu l.l x (lb)2

= 0.012 x 141.6 x 212 + 0.016 x 32x (21)2

+ve M = 975.14 lb-ft

+veMoment at Discontinuous End :

= 1/3 +ve M

= 1/3 +ve 975.14

+ve M0ment = 325.05 lb-ft

m = 11.76 Rn = Mu/Ǿbd2

Rn= 6368.92x12/0.9x12x(5)2

Rn = 283.06

pro = 1/11.76 x ( 1 - √ 1-2x11.76x283.06)/40,000

pro =0.0073

Aspro = ρbd 0.0073x12x6

Aspro = 0.43 in2

Asmin = 0.002x bxh

Asmin = 0.002x12x6

30
 Asmin = 0.144 in2

Asmax =ρmax bxRd  0.027 x12x5 = Asmax = 1.62 in2

Asmin<AsPro<Asmax 0k

0.144 0.43 1.62

Spacing for longer Span:

Use # 6 Bar

Spacing = π/4(6/8)2 x12/0.43  12.32

Spacing : 13” c/c

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......

31
 # 6 @ 13" c/c

#4@10"c/c

For Maximum Moment = 3697.15 lb-ft 3.697 kipft

32
TWO WAY: DESIGHNING

Aspect ratio ; = lb/la = 21/16 = 1.3 < 2 Two way

La/lb = 16/21 = 0.75 = see table

0.75 ( Ca.l.l 0.056 ) + ( CaD.l 0.051)

( Cbl.l 0.020) + ( Cbd.l 0.020)

Possitve 0.020

Negative Ca = cb

Ca= 0.044

Cb = 0.044

H =6“ total Wud.l = 141.6 lb/ft2

D = 5” Wu l.l = 32 lbs/ft2

Calculating Moment:

Negative Total = 174 lbs/ft2

Ma =Ca –ve x Wu la2

= Ca –ve x 174 x(16)2

Ma = 1960 lbsft

Possitive:

Ma =Ca+ved.l . Wud.l .la2+ Ca+vel.l .Wu l.l x la2

Ma = 0.051 x 141.6 x (16)2 + 0.056 x 32x (16)2

Ma = 2300 lbs-ft

Negative moment:

1/3 +ve M  2300/3 = 730 lb-ft

33
Moment For Longer Span:

Negative Moment:

-ve = Ca –ve x Wu lb2

= 0.044x 174x (21)2

Negative moment = 3376 lbs-ft

= 3.376kip-ft

Possitive moment for longer Span:

+ve M = Cb.d.l x Wu d.l x lb2x Cbl.l +veWul.l xlb2

+ve M = 0.020 x 141.6 x (21)2 + 0.020 x 32x (21)2

+veM = 1531.152 lbsft

Negative moment for discontinuous Edge:

= 1/3 x 1531.52

= 510.38lb-ft Moment finish

REINFORCEMENT:

Shorter Span :

+ive M = 2300 lbs-ft m= 11.76

Rn= Mu/ɸbd2 = 2300x12/0.9x12x(5)2

Rn= 102.22

ρpro= 1/m x ( 1 - √ 1-2mRn )/fyfy = 40,000

ρpro = 1/m x ( 1 – 2x11.76x102.22) / 40,000 = .00259

ρpro = .00259
Aspro = ρprobd = .00259x 12x5

Aspro = 0.155 in 2

34
 Asmin = .002 bhAsmin = 0.002 x 12 x 6 = 0.144 in2

Asmin = 0.144 in2

ρmax = 0.85x0.85x 4/40 ( 0.003/0.003+0.005)

ρmax = 0.027

Asmax = 0.027 x 12 x 5= 1.62 in2

Asmax = 1.62 in2

Asmin< As pro <Asmax

0.144 0.155 1.62

Aspro = 0.155 in2

Spacing For Shorter Span:

Spacing: Bar Area x 12/Steel Area = 15’’ c/c

15” < 3h ok

Negative Moment ( 3376) - max

M= 11.76 Rn= Mu/ɸbd2 3376x12/0.9x12x52

Rn = 150

ρpro = 1/11.76 ( 1 - √ 1-2x11.76x150)/40,000

ρpro= 0.0038

Aspro = 0.0038x12x5

Aspro = 0.23 in2

Asmin = 0.144 in2

Asmin = 1.62 in2

Spacing For Longer span:

Spacing : use No 6 dia bar

Spacing : π/4(6/8)2 x12/0.23

35
 Spacing = 23”

For Shorter span:

Use No 4 dia bar:

π/4(4/8)2 x12/.23 = 10.24 c/c

say 10” c/c < 3h ok

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

36
 # 6 @ 23" c/c

#4@10"c/c

For Moment = 3.376kip-ft

37
 BEAM DESIGN SPECIFICATION

1) Concrete cover 1.5

2) Spacing between longitudinal bar should not be less then 1”

38
Design steps:

1) Calculate Self load :

= ¥bh

2) Calculate live load

3) Calculate Factored load

= 1.2 DL+ 1.6 LL

4) Calculate moments:

5) Calculate Reinforcement Ratio :

6) Calculate Area of Steel:

7) Calculate No of Bars

39
4'

30'

Beam

Beam Below the slab of Veranda As shown in main drawing on page 9

40
 Beam Design
Slab Thickness = 6”

Load from slab on Beam =¥ bh

= 150 x 4 x6/12

= 300lbs/ft

Live Load = ¥h

= 150 x 6/12  75 lbs /ft

Hmin with deflection point of view

hmin = l/23  10x12/23 = 5.21

so use 18” depth

Now Depth of web:

= 18”-6” = 12”

Let us use beam width:

= bw = 10”

Self weight of Beam:

= ¥bh  10/12 x 12/12

= 125 lbs/ft

D = 18” - C.C  18” - 3” = 15”

Ultimate Load :

Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL

Wu = 1.2 (300 + 150) + 1.6 (75)

Wu = 630 lbs/ft

41
Diagrame

A B C
0 +1/11
-1/9 +1/11
-1/9

A B C

ACI COEFFICIENTS FOR BEAM:

42
MOMENT:

MAA = 0

MBB = + 1/11 Wul2

-MCC = - 1/9 Wul2

MBB = Wul2 /11  (630 x 102 x 12) / 11 = 68727 lb’’

- MCC = -Wul2 /9  - (630 x 102 x 12) / 9 = 84000 lb’’

Reinforcement by Direct Formula:

Rn= Mu/bd2 = 84000/0.9 x 10x 152 = 41.48

M = fy / 0.85 fc’ = 40/0.85 x 4 = 11.76

ρpro = 1/m (1- √ 1 – 2 mRn ) / fy

= 1/11.76 ( 1-√1 – 2( 41.48x11.76) / 40000

ρpro= 0.001

1) ρmin = 3√ fc’ / fy  3√ 4000/40000

ρmin = 0.004

2) ρmin = 200/4000 = 0.005

Use greater of the two = 0.005

Check ρmin > ρpro

As = ρbd = 0.005 x 10x 15

As = 0.75 in2

Select No of Bars:

Use #5 bars = As/bar area

= 0.75 / 0.306 = 2.45 say 3 bars

43
44