Course Content : TCWMP (Teleman Certified Wireless Maintenance Professional)

M1. Communication Basics - Transmission & Switching

 Communications Basics - Radio Frequencies - Modulation and Multiplexing - Transmission Media -

OFC characteristics - Index - Modes - Types, Optical Window - Links - OFC Constructions - OFC
Types – Splicing – Coding Theory - Transmission Systems, PCM, PDH, SDH-MW and Satellite
Systems. Digital Switching - Fundamental Telecom Plans - Network Hierarchy - Standards and
recommendation - CCS7 Signaling - Traffic Theory.

M2. Data Communication

 Digital Data Transmission and Modems - Networking Media - Data Networks - LAN, WAN, MAN -
Ethernet - FDDI - ATM - Token Ring - OSI - Interface specification - CAT, RG, RJ, RS - Error Control
- Routers - L3 Switches - X.25, PAD, FR-IP Addressing - IPv4, IPv6 - Upper Layer Protocol - Routing
Concepts - ADSL - DSLAM - BRAS - ISP.

M3. Mobile Communication Technologies (GSM & CDMA)

 Mobile Systems Overview - Frequency Spectrum - Cell Principles -

Sectorisation - GSM Network Architecture - MSC, GMSC, HLR, VLR, EIR,
IWF, interfaces, OMC, NMC, - Channel Coding, ciphering, interleaving - GSM
channels, Bursts and frames - Link budget - RF Engineering and Planning -
Mobile Handset Identities - Call Processing in GSM System - Roaming -
Overview of GPRS and EDGE. CDMA (IS-95) - Spread Spectrum Technique -
Power Control and Handoff - CDMA 2000 Technology - Base Transceiver
Station - BTS & BSC - HUAWEI system - CDMA Call Processing - Overview of
CDMA2000 - CDMA code generation - PN codes - Forward & Reverse link -
Traffic & Control channels – 1x EVDO and EVDV. 2G to 3G Migration Path, IMT-2000, UMTS,
WCDMA and beyond.

M4. BTS Infrastructure Maintenance (BTS Site installation & commissioning)

  Antenna Theory- Antennas for Mobile Communication- Antenna Installation Guide lines- BTS Towers
and Shelters- Power Supply and Power backup- Earthing - Installation guide line of BTS and MW
Equipment- Electrification in Shelters of Cell Sites- BTS Cell Site Maintenance procedure.
Hands on Practical: Use of installation tools (crimping, stripping, cutting), Feeder &
jumper connection, lugging of power cables, crowning of E1 & alarm cable, different
feeder connectors, OFC connectors & mechanical splicing.

M5. New Technology Wire Line (SDH ,DLC, MPLS, LMDS & Wimax)

 Ethernet Switch (MEN) - VLAN, Spanning Tree Protocol NGN concepts - Wireless Broadband – WiFi,
WiMAX - Local Multipoint Distributed System - SDH Operation & Maintenance - DLC Operation &
Maintenance - V5 interface - MPLS Architecture - L3 and L2 VPN – IPDSLAM.

Interview Sucess Training: Pre-interview Preparation, Grooming Skills & Mock Sessions.

Teleman On Site Lab

Teleman On-Site Lab would cover training on Antenna Alignment and Orientation, Feeder Termination at
BTS and Antenna, BTS Hardware Structure , TRX Cards, Power supply and Alarms, Power on procedure, E1
termination using Krone panels, Testing of Alarms, Microwave antenna alignment and LOS alignment
through MUX, Power supply arrangement with Battery backup, DG Set, Earthing Arrangement of BTS, Power
Supply, Tower and AC earthing.
BTS
Short for base transceiver station. In mobile communications, a BTS holds the radio transceivers that define
a cell and coordinates the radio-link protocolswith the mobile device. The BTS is the networking component of a
mobile communications system from which all signals are sent and received. A BTS is controlled by a base station
controller.
A BTS is also called a base station (BS) and is commonly referred to as a "cell phone tower."
Typically the equipment owned and operated by a wireless service provider that generates the
radio frequencies picked up by subscriber handsets or other mobile devices. ...

Base Tranceiver Station. Technical term for a mobile phone base station. A BTS contains the
transmit and receive technology and also the aerials to supply a radio cell. Several BTSs are
administered by a BSC (Base Station Controller), which is in turn under an MSC (Mobile
Switching Center). ...

A GSM antenna - this is responsible for transmitting and receiving the specific GSM frequency
for a particular network. This could be in the form of a picocell for Private Mobile Networks but
would also apply, on a much larger scale with a large GSM mast, to Vodafone, Orange etc.
A base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site is a piece of equipment that
facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices
like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless
internet connectivity, WiFi and WiMAX gadgets etc. The network can be that of any of the wireless
communication technologies like GSM, CDMA, WLL, WAN, WiFi, WiMAX etc. BTS is also referred to as
the radio base station(RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS). For discussion of
the LTE standard the abbreviation eNB for enhanced node B is widely used.

A GSM network is made up of three subsystems:

 The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) – comprising an MSC and associated registers.

 The Base Station subsystem (BSS) – comprising a BSC and several BTSes

 The Operations support system - for maintenance of the network.

Though the term BTS can be applicable to any of the wireless communication standards, it is generally
and commonly associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this regard, a
BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. It may also
have equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters)
etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the
functioning of BTS. Typically a BTS will have several transceivers (TRXs) which allow it to serve
severaldifferent frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations). A
BTS is controlled by a parent base station controllervia the base station control function (BCF). The BCF
is implemented as a discrete unit or even incorporated in a TRX in compact base stations. The BCF
provides an operations and maintenance (O&M) connection to the network management system (NMS),
and manages operational states of each TRX, as well as software handling and alarm collection. The
basic structure and functions of the BTS remains the same regardless of the wireless technologies.

General Architecture
A BTS in general has the following parts:

Transceiver (TRX)
Quite widely referred to as the driver receiver (DRX). DRX are either in the form of single (sTRU),
double(dTRU) or a composite Double Radio Unit (DRU). It basically does transmission and
reception of signals. Also does sending and reception of signals to/from higher network entities
(like the base station controller in mobile telephony)
Power amplifier (PA)
Amplifies the signal from DRX for transmission through antenna; may be integrated with DRX.
Combiner
Combines feeds from several DRXs so that they could be sent out through a single antenna.
Allows for a reduction in the number of antenna used.
Duplexer
For separating sending and receiving signals to/from antenna. Does sending and receiving
signals through the same antenna ports (cables to antenna).
Antenna
This is also considered a part of the BTS.
Alarm extension system
Collects working status alarms of various units in the BTS and extends them to operations and
maintenance (O&M) monitoring stations.
Control function
Control and manages the various units of BTS including any software. On-the-spot
configurations, status changes, software upgrades, etc. are done through the control function.
Baseband receiver unit (BBxx)
Frequency hopping, signal DSP, etc.
Important terms regarding a mobile BTS
Diversity techniques
To improve the quality of the received signal, often two receiving antennas are used, placed at an
equal distance to an uneven multiple of a quarter of wavelength (for 900 MHz the wavelength it is
30 cm). This technique, known as antenna diversity or space diversity, avoids interruption caused
by path fading. The antennas can be spaced horizontally or vertically. Horizontal spacing requires
more complex installation, but better performance is obtained in this configuration.
 Other than antenna or space diversity, there are other diversity techniques such as
frequency/time diversity, antenna pattern diversity, and polarization diversity.

Splitting
The flow of power within a particular area of the cell, known as sector. Every field can therefore
be considered like one new cell. By using directional antennas, the co-channel interference is
reduced. A typical structure is the trisector, also known as clover, in which there are three
sectors, each one served by separate antennas. Every sector has a separate direction of tracking
of 120° with respect to the adjacent ones. If not sectorised, the cell will be served by an
omnidirectional antenna, which radiates in all directions. Bisectored cells are also implemented
with the antennas serving sectors of 180° separation to one another.

Home-Products-Coaxial connectors & Adapters

 
RF Coaxial connectors with 7/16 DIN & N connectors interface are very typical type used in the
engineering of base transceiver station(BTS) transmission line systems.
We manufacturer connectors for kinds of cable, such as 3/8", 1/2", 5/4", 13/8" and RG8, RG214,
LMR400 ...
 
Our connectors have features as below:
Excellent V.S.W.R Performance
Very Low Intermodulation
Fast and Easy Installation
Waterproof
Environment Resistance Ensures Long Life and Consistent Performance
 

7/16 connectors N connectors Adapters  

Home-Products-Jumper cables
 
Jumper cables are widely used in the connections between main feeders and antennas or between
main feeders and RF-equipments, such as telecom tower, BTS, antenna feeder system. 
Our jumper cables incorporate our developed 7/16, N connectors with the soldering technology
to guarantee superior electrical performance.
 
We manufactue 1/2" flexible or superflexible Jumpers with 7/16 din, N (female/male) or right
angle interface used in antenna system.

Features 
Excellent V.S.W.R Performance
Low and Stable Intermodulation
Designed for outdoor applications under extreme climatic conditions
High flexibility and small bending diameters
Complete Weatherproof
Available in any cable length with a large variety of connector combination
 

1/2 R&S Jumper cables  

Home-Products-  Feeder clamp series

 
Feeder clamps, hangers and adapters are widely used in site installation to fix coaxial feeder
cables to base towers (BTS). Our feeder clamps, snap in hangers and adapters are designed for
different BTS site installation and kinds of antenna system. The material of these products is
high standard stainless steel and high quality plastics (transnature polypropylene).

We manufacture clamps for various size of coaxial cable include 1/4",3/8",1/2",7/8",5/4",13/8",

RG214....

 
Through Type Double Anchor Type Angle Wall
Adapters Attachment
 Kits
Home-Products-Grounding kits series / Lightning protection
Lightning protection system is crucial for performance of the telecom tower. Our grounding kits
are designed to protect transmission line system from the damaging effects of lightning strikes or
other current surges, to ensure a good performace. We provide indoor & outdoor grounding kits,
bars with different design that applied to various GSM/CDMA telecom tower engineering.
We manufacture kinds of grounding kits for 3/8, 1/2, 5/4, 13/8 ..coaxial cable , grounding bars
and other accessories for lightning protection of telecom tower transmission line system.
 
Features:
Quick and easy installation.
Intergated design.
Low contact transition resistance.
Grounding cable AWG 6 (16 mm2).
Corrosion resistant.
 

Framework type Clip on type Standard type Gemel type Indoor type 1

Outdoor
Indoor type 2 grounding bars

Home-Products-Microwave components
 
Our microwave products include power dividers and couplers, which used in base station
applications and wireless transceivers.
 

Power dividers Couplers  

Home-Products-Wall entries
Wall entry systems are made up of Aluminum plate and stainless steel, sprayed with baking finish
,there are many advantages:small volume,light weight ,high strenght,reasonable structure ,good
appearance,efficient seal, and easy installation ;
Seal rings and material are supplied in complement: special specifications can be produced for
the customers’ requirements.

 
Throat type Diameter type Square type Circular type

Home-Products-Surge arresters
Lightning strikes can lead to voltage surges of up to 50 kV/m – within a few
microseconds.These high voltage spikes produce enormous loads on base station system–
maybe lead to serious damage and extremely high repair costs.
We provide surge arresters & arrester brackets for lightning and EMP protection.

Quarterwave arreters Gas tube type arresters Arrester bracket

SWR meter

An SWR meter to be used with CB radio equipment

The SWR meter or VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) meter measures the standing wave ratio in a
transmission line. The meter can be used to indicate the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and
its load (usually a radio antenna), or evaluate the effectiveness of impedance matching efforts.

Directional SWR Meter

A directional SWR meter measures the magnitude of the forward & reflected waves by sensing each one
individually, with directional couplers. A calculation can then be performed to arrive at the SWR.

A simple directional SWR meter

Referring to the above diagram, the transmitter (TX) and antenna (ANT) terminals are connected via an
internal transmission line. This main line is electromagnetically coupled to two smaller sense lines
(directional couplers) which are terminated with resistors at one end, and diode rectifiers at the other. The
resistors are chosen to match the characteristic impedance of the sense lines. The diodes convert the
magnitudes of the forward & reverse waves to FWD and REV DC voltages, respectively, which are then
smoothed by the capacitors[1].

To calculate the VSWR, first calculate the reflection coefficient:

Then calculate the VSWR:

In a passive meter, this is usually indicated on a non-linear scale.

SWR Bridge
SWR can also be measured using an impedance bridge circuit. The bridge is balanced (0 volts
across the detector) only when the test impedance exactly matches the reference impedance.
When a transmission line is mismatched (SWR > 1:1), its input impedance deviates from its
characteristic impedance; thus, a bridge can be used to determine the presence or absence of
a low SWR.

To test for a match, the reference impedance of the bridge is set to the expected load
impedance (for example, 50 ohms), and the transmission line connected as the unknown
impedance. RF power is applied to the circuit. The voltage at the line input represents the
vector sum of the forward wave, and the wave reflected from the load. If the characteristic
impedance of the line is known to be 50 ohms, we know the magnitude and phase of the
forward wave; it is the same wave present on the other side of the detector. Subtracting this
known wave from the wave present at the line input yields the reflected wave. Properly
designed, a bridge circuit can be used not only to indicate a match, but the degree of mismatch
- thus making it possible to calculate the SWR. This usually involves alternately connecting the
reference wave and the reflected wave to a power meter, and comparing the magnitudes of
the resulting deflections.

Limitations
Note that an SWR meter does not measure the actual impedance of a load (i.e., the resistance
and reactance), but only the mismatch ratio. To measure the actual impedance, an antenna
analyzer or other similar RF measuring device is required. Note also that for accurate
readings, the SWR meter must be matched to the line impedance, usually 50 or 75 ohms. To
accommodate multiple impedances, some SWR meters have switches on the rear, to select
the resistance appropriate for the sense lines.

An SWR meter should be connected to the line as close as possible to the antenna: All
practical transmission lines have a certain amount of loss, which causes the reflected wave to
be attenuated as it travels back along the line. Thus, the SWR is highest closest to the load,
and only improves as the distance from the load increases.

When not actually measuring SWR, it is best to remove the more usual types of passive SWR
meter from the line. This is because the internal diodes of such meters can
generate harmonics when transmitting, and intermodulation products when receiving. Because
active SWR meters do not usually suffer from this effect, they can normally be left in without
causing such problems.
ALTIMETER

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level. The
measurement of altitude is called altimetry, which is related to the term bathymetry, the measurement of
depth underwater.