Example 12.7.

FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

Diketahui:
Reaksi kompleks fase gas elementer:

Menggunakan reaktor pipa. Pada reaksi 1, umpan pada A dan B stoikiometri. Fao = 5 mol/min.
Volume reaktor = 10 dm3 . Konsentrasi umpan masuk = 0,2 mol/dm3. Tekanan umpan masuk =
100 atm. Suhu umpan masuk = 300 K. Kecepatan aliran pendingin = 50 mol/min. Kapasitas
panas pendingin masuk = 10 kal/mol.K. Temperatur pendingin masuk = 325 K.
Parameter:

Ditanyakan:
Plot FA, FB, FC, FD, p, T, dan Ta sebagai fungsi V dengan:
(a) Penukar panas secara Co-current
(b) Penukar panas secara Countercurrent
(c) Ta konstan
(d) Kondisi adiabatis
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

Penyelesaian:
Tidak ada pressure drop pada reaktor pipa fase gas (p = 1)
1. Neraca mol

2. Kecepatan
2a. Kecepatan reaksi:

2b. Kecepatan relatif:

2c. Kecepatan reaksi net untuk A, B, C, dan D:

3. Selektivitas:
Pada V = 0, FD = 0 sehingga SC/D akan infinit. Oleh karena itu, kita buat SC/D = 0 antara V =
0 dan angka yang sangat kecil, katakanlah V = 0.0001 dm3 untuk mencegah ODE solver tidak
muncul/ rusak.
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

4. Stoikiometri:

5. Parameter:

6. Neraca Energi:

Denominator Persamaan :

“Heat Removed” (Qr):

“Heat Generated” (Qg):

 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

Algoritma perhitungan MATLAB

START

Fungsi program: input persamaan kecepatan reaksi

dan neraca mol

Input data yang sudah diketahui

Input persamaan differensial

plot

selesai
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

Example 7a:
function dYdV = ODEfun(V,Y);
Fa = Y(1);
Fb = Y(2);
Fc = Y(3);
Fd = Y(4);
T = Y(5);
Ta = Y(6);

% Explicit equations
E2 = 12000;
y = 1;
R = 1.987;
Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd;
To = 300;
k2c = 2 * exp(E2 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
E1 = 8000;
Cto = 0.2;
Ca = Cto * Fa / Ft * To / T * y;
Cc = Cto * Fc / Ft * To / T * y;
r2c = 0 - (k2c * Ca ^ 2 * Cc ^ 3);
Cpco = 10;
m = 50;
Cb = Cto * Fb / Ft * To / T * y;
k1a = 40 * exp(E1 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
r1a = 0 - (k1a * Ca * Cb ^ 2);
r1b = 2 * r1a;
rb = r1b;
r2a = 2 / 3 * r2c;
DH1b = -15000;
DH2a = -10000;
r1c = 0 - r1a;
Ta55 = 325;
Cpd = 16;
Cpa = 10;
Cpb = 12;
Cpc = 14;
sumFiCpi = Cpa * Fa + Cpb * Fb + Cpc * Fc + Cpd * Fd;
rc = r1c + r2c;
Ua = 80;
r2d = -1 / 3 * r2c;
ra = r1a + r2a;
rd = r2d;
Qg = r1b * DH1b + r2a * DH2a;
Qr = Ua * (T - Ta);

% Differential equations
dFadV = ra;
dFbdV = rb;
dFcdV = rc;
dFddV = rd;
dTdV = (Qg - Qr) / sumFiCpi;
dTadV = Ua * (T - Ta) / m / Cpco;
dYdV = [dFadV; dFbdV; dFcdV; dFddV; dTdV; dTadV];
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

clc
Vspan = [0 10.]; % Range for the independent variable i.e length of the
reactor
y0 = [5.; 10.; 0; 0; 300.; 325.]; % Initial values for the dependent
variables i.e. Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd,T,and Ta
[t y]=ode45(@ODEfun,Vspan,y0);
figure(1)
plot(t,y(:,5),t,y(:,6));
legend('T','T_a')
ylabel('T(K)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 300 900]);
title('Temperature profiles for co-current heat exchange')

figure(2)
plot(t,y(:,1),t,y(:,2),t,y(:,3));
legend('F_A','F_B','F_C')
ylabel('F_i(mol/min)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
title('Molar flow rates profile for co-current heat exchange')

Temperature profiles for co-current heat exchange Molar flow rates profile for co-current heat exchange
900 10
T FA
Ta 9
FB
800
8 FC

7
700
6
F (mol/min)
T(K)

600 5
i

4
500
3

2
400
1

300 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(dm ) 3 V(dm3)

Example 7b:
function dYdV = ODEfun(V,Y);
Fa = Y(1);
Fb = Y(2);
Fc = Y(3);
Fd = Y(4);
T = Y(5);
Ta = Y(6);
% Explicit equations
E2 = 12000;
y = 1;
R = 1.987;
Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd;
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)
To = 300;
k2c = 2 * exp(E2 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
E1 = 8000;
Cto = 0.2;
Ca = Cto * Fa / Ft * To / T * y;
Cc = Cto * Fc / Ft * To / T * y;
r2c = 0 - (k2c * Ca ^ 2 * Cc ^ 3);
Cpco = 10;
m = 50;
Cb = Cto * Fb / Ft * To / T * y;
k1a = 40 * exp(E1 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
r1a = 0 - (k1a * Ca * Cb ^ 2);
r1b = 2 * r1a;
rb = r1b;
r2a = 2 / 3 * r2c;
DH1b = -15000;
DH2a = -10000;
r1c = 0 - r1a;
Ta55 = 325;
Cpd = 16;
Cpa = 10;
Cpb = 12;
Cpc = 14;
sumFiCpi = Cpa * Fa + Cpb * Fb + Cpc * Fc + Cpd * Fd;
rc = r1c + r2c;
Ua = 80;
r2d = -1 / 3 * r2c;
ra = r1a + r2a;
rd = r2d;
Qg = r1b * DH1b + r2a * DH2a;
Qr = Ua * (T - Ta);

% Differential equations
dFadV = ra;
dFbdV = rb;
dFcdV = rc;
dFddV = rd;
dTdV = (Qg - Qr) / sumFiCpi;
dTadV = -Ua * (T - Ta) / m / Cpco;
dYdV = [dFadV; dFbdV; dFcdV; dFddV; dTdV; dTadV];

clc
Vspan = [0 10.]; % Range for the independent variable i.e length of the
reactor
y0 = [5.; 10.; 0; 0; 300.; 507]; % Initial values for the dependent variables
i.e. Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd,T,and Ta
[t y]= ode45(@ODEfun,Vspan,y0);

figure(1)
plot(t,y(:,5),t,y(:,6));
legend('T','T_a')
ylabel('T(K)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)')
axis([0 10 300 1200]);
title('Temperature profiles for counter current heat exchange')
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)

figure(2)
plot(t,y(:,1),t,y(:,2),t,y(:,3),t,y(:,4));
legend('F_A','F_B','F_C','F_D')
ylabel('F_i(mol/min)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
title('Molar flow rates profile for counter current heat exchange')

Temperature profiles for counter current heat exchange Molar flow rates profile for counter current heat exchange
1200 10
T FA
1100 Ta 9
FB
8 FC
1000
FD
7
900
6

F (mol/min)
800
T(K)

5
700

i
4
600
3
500
2

400 1

300 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(dm3) V(dm3)

Example 7c:
function dYdV = ODEfun(V,Y);
Fa = Y(1);
Fb = Y(2);
Fc = Y(3);
Fd = Y(4);
T = Y(5);
Ta = Y(6);

% Explicit equations
E2 = 12000;
y = 1;
R = 1.987;
Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd;
To = 300;
k2c = 2 * exp(E2 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
E1 = 8000;
Cto = 0.2;
Ca = Cto * Fa / Ft * To / T * y;
Cc = Cto * Fc / Ft * To / T * y;
r2c = 0 - (k2c * Ca ^ 2 * Cc ^ 3);
Cpco = 10;
m = 50;
Cb = Cto * Fb / Ft * To / T * y;
k1a = 40 * exp(E1 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
r1a = 0 - (k1a * Ca * Cb ^ 2);
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)
r1b = 2 * r1a;
rb = r1b;
r2a = 2 / 3 * r2c;
DH1b = -15000;
DH2a = -10000;
r1c = 0 - r1a;
Ta55 = 325;
Cpd = 16;
Cpa = 10;
Cpb = 12;
Cpc = 14;
sumFiCpi = Cpa * Fa + Cpb * Fb + Cpc * Fc + Cpd * Fd;
rc = r1c + r2c;
Ua = 80;
r2d = -1 / 3 * r2c;
ra = r1a + r2a;
rd = r2d;
Qg = r1b * DH1b + r2a * DH2a;
Qr = Ua * (T - Ta);

% Differential equations
dFadV = ra;
dFbdV = rb;
dFcdV = rc;
dFddV = rd;
dTdV = (Qg - Qr) / sumFiCpi;
dTadV = 0;
dYdV = [dFadV; dFbdV; dFcdV; dFddV; dTdV; dTadV];

clc
Vspan = [0 10.]; % Range for the independent variable i.e. length of the
reactor
y0 = [5.; 10.; 0; 0; 300.; 325]; % Initial values for the dependent variables
i.e Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd,T,and Ta
[t y]=ode45(@ODEfun,Vspan,y0);
figure(1)
plot(t,y(:,5),t,y(:,6));
legend('T','T_a')
ylabel('T(K)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 300 900]);
title('Temperature profiles for constant T_a')

figure(2)
plot(t,y(:,1),t,y(:,2),t,y(:,3),t,y(:,4));
legend('F_A','F_B','F_C','F_D')
ylabel('F_i(mol/min)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
title('Molar flow rate profiles for constant T_a')
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)
Temperature profiles for constant Ta Molar flow rate profiles for constant Ta
900 10
T FA
Ta 9
FB
800
8 FC
FD
7
700
6

F (mol/min)
T(K)

600 5

i
4
500
3

2
400
1

300 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(dm3) V(dm3)

Example 7d:
function dYdV = ODEfun(V,Y);
Fa = Y(1);
Fb = Y(2);
Fc = Y(3);
Fd = Y(4);
T = Y(5);
Ta = Y(6);

% Explicit equations
E2 = 12000;
y = 1;
R = 1.987;
Ft = Fa + Fb + Fc + Fd;
To = 300;
k2c = 2 * exp(E2 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
E1 = 8000;
Cto = 0.2;
Ca = Cto * Fa / Ft * To / T * y;
Cc = Cto * Fc / Ft * To / T * y;
r2c = 0 - (k2c * Ca ^ 2 * Cc ^ 3);
Cpco = 10;
m = 50;
Cb = Cto * Fb / Ft * To / T * y;
k1a = 40 * exp(E1 / R * (1 / 300 - (1 / T)));
r1a = 0 - (k1a * Ca * Cb ^ 2);
r1b = 2 * r1a;
rb = r1b;
r2a = 2 / 3 * r2c;
DH1b = -15000;
DH2a = -10000;
r1c = 0 - r1a;
Ta55 = 325;
Cpd = 16;
Cpa = 10;
Cpb = 12;
Cpc = 14;
sumFiCpi = Cpa * Fa + Cpb * Fb + Cpc * Fc + Cpd * Fd;
 Example 12.7. FOGLER
Oleh: Ike Puji Lestari (S071908002)
rc = r1c + r2c;
Ua = 0;
r2d = -1 / 3 * r2c;
ra = r1a + r2a;
rd = r2d;
Qg = r1b * DH1b + r2a * DH2a;
Qr = Ua * (T - Ta);

% Differential equations
dFadV = ra;
dFbdV = rb;
dFcdV = rc;
dFddV = rd;
dTdV = (Qg - Qr) / sumFiCpi;
dTadV = Ua * (T - Ta) / m / Cpco;
dYdV = [dFadV; dFbdV; dFcdV; dFddV; dTdV; dTadV];

clc
Vspan = [0 10.]; % Range for the independent variable i.e. length of the
reactor
y0 = [5.; 10.; 0; 0; 300.; 325]; % Initial values for the dependent variables
i.e Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd,T,and Ta
[t y]=ode45(@ODEfun,Vspan,y0);
figure(1)
plot(t,y(:,5));
legend('T')
ylabel('T(K)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 0 2000]);
title('Temperature profile for adiabatic operation')

figure(2)
plot(t,y(:,1),t,y(:,2),t,y(:,3),t,y(:,4));
legend('F_A','F_B','F_C','F_D')
ylabel('F_i(mol/min)');
xlabel('V(dm^3)');
axis([0 10 0 10]);
title('Molar flow rate profiles for adiabatic operation')

Temperature profile for adiabatic operation Molar flow rate profiles for adiabatic operation
2000 10
T FA
1800 9
FB
1600 8 FC

1400 FD
7

1200
6
F (mol/min)
T(K)

1000
5
800
i

4
600
3
400
2
200
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
V(dm3)
V(dm3)