Tugas Mekanika

Nama Kelompok 2 :

 Jesi listari (170203013)

 Fatma dilarahayu (170203022)
 khairunisak (170203019)

𝑘
1. Sebuah benda dengan massa m dipengaruhi oleh gaya 𝑓 = 𝑟 3 tentukan fungsi lagrange
dalam koordinat bola

Jawab :
#Koordinat bola ( r,ϕ,θ)
x= r cos ϕ sin θ
y= r sin ϕ sin θ
z= r cos θ

#Energi kinetic
𝟏
T = 𝟐 𝒎 (𝒗𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒚 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒛 𝟐 )

𝟏
T = 𝟐 𝒎 (𝒙̇ + 𝒚̇ + 𝒛̇ )

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
 𝑥̇ = = (r cos ϕ sin θ)
𝑥𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑r 𝑑cos ϕ 𝑑ϕ 𝑑sin θ 𝑑 θ
= 𝑑𝑡 cos ϕ sin θ + 𝑟 sin θ + 𝑟 cos ϕ
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ṙ cos ϕ sin θ + r (−sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇

𝑥̇ = ṙ cos ϕ sin θ − r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
 𝑦̇ = = ( r sin ϕ sin θ)
𝑥𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑r 𝑑sin ϕ 𝑑ϕ 𝑑sin θ 𝑑 θ
= 𝑑𝑡 sin ϕ sin θ + 𝑟 sin θ + 𝑟 sin ϕ
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ṙ sin ϕsin θ + r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇

𝑦̇ = ṙ sin ϕ sin θ + r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇

𝑑𝑥 𝑑
 𝑧̇ = = ( r cos θ)
𝑥𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑r 𝑑cos θ 𝑑 θ
= 𝑑𝑡 cos θ + 𝑟 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= ṙ cos θ + r (−sin θ)θ̇

 𝑧̇ = ṙ cos θ − r (sin θ)θ̇
1
T = 2 𝑚 (𝑥̇ + 𝑦̇ + 𝑧̇ )

 (𝑥)̇2 =( ṙ cos ϕ sin θ − r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇ )2

2 2
= ṙ 2 cos 2 ϕsin2 θ + r 2 sin2 ϕϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 cos 2 ϕ cos 2 θθ̇ −
2 ṙ cos ϕ sin θ. r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ − 2 r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇ +
2 𝑟̇ cos ϕ sin θ. 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇

 (𝑦)̇2 =( ṙ sin ϕsin θ + r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇ )2

2 2
= ṙ 2 sin2 ϕ sin2 θ + r 2 cos2 ϕϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 sin2 ϕ cos 2 θθ̇ +
2 ṙ sin ϕ sin θ. r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 2 r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇ +
2 ṙ sin ϕ sin θ. 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇

 (𝑧)̇2 = ( ṙ cos θ − r (sin θ)θ̇ )2

2
= ṙ 2 cos 2 θ + r 2 θ̇ sin2 θ − 2 ṙ cos θ. ρ (sin θ)θ̇
1
T = 2 𝑚 (𝑥̇ + 𝑦̇ + 𝑧̇ )

 ((𝑥)̇2 + (𝑦)̇2 ) =
2 2
(𝑥)̇2 = ṙ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ϕ sin2 θ + r 2 sin2 ϕϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 cos2 ϕ cos2 θθ̇
− 2 ṙ cos ϕ sin θ . r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ − 2 r (sin ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇
+ 2 ṙ cos ϕ sin θ. 𝑟 cos ϕ cos θθ̇
2 2
(𝑦)̇2 = ṙ 2 sin2 ϕ sin2 θ + r 2 cos 2 ϕϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 sin2 ϕ cos2 θθ̇
+ 2 ṙ sin ϕ sin θ . r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ + 2 r (cos ϕ)ϕ̇ sin θ 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇

+ 2 ṙ sin ϕ sin θ. 𝑟 sin ϕ cos θθ̇

+

2 2
((𝑥)̇2 + (𝑦)̇2 ) = ṙ 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ϕ + sin2 ϕ ) sin2 θ + r 2 ϕ̇ (sin2 ϕ + cos 2 ϕ)sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ (cos2 ϕ +
sin2 ϕ )cos2 θ + 2 r ṙθ (̇𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ϕ +sin2 ϕ ) sinθ cos θ
2
(𝑧)̇2 = ṙ 2 cos 2 θ + r 2 θ̇ sin2 θ − 2 ṙ cos θ. ρ (sin θ)θ̇

+
2 2
ṙ 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 θ + sin2 θ)+r 2 ϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ (sin2 θ + cos 2 θ
((𝒙)̇𝟐 + (𝒚)̇𝟐 + (𝒛)̇𝟐 ) = 𝐫̇ 𝟐
+ 𝐫 𝟐 𝛟̇𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝛉 + 𝐫 𝟐 𝛉̇𝟐

#Energi kinetik
1 2 2
T = 2 𝑚 ( ṙ 2 + r 2 ϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ )

# Energi Potensial
𝑘
Diketahui F = 𝑟 3

V = - ∫ 𝐹dr
𝑘
V = - ∫ 𝑟 3 dr

1
V = - 𝑘 ∫ 𝑟 3 dr

V = k ∫ 𝑟 −3 dr
1
V = k −3+1 𝑟 −3+1

𝑟 −2
V = k. −2

−𝑘 1
V = −2 𝑟2

𝑘
V = 2𝑟 2

# Fungsi Lagrange

L = T-V
1 2 2 𝑘
L= 2 𝑚 ( ṙ 2 + r 2 ϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ ) − 2𝑟 2

# Pers. Lagrange Konservatif

𝒅 𝝏𝑳 𝝏𝑳
= 𝒅𝒕 𝝏𝒒̇ 𝒌 -𝝏𝒒𝒌 = 0

 r
𝒅 𝝏𝑳 1 2 2 𝑘
( 𝑚 ( ṙ 2 + r 2 ϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ ) − 2𝑟 2
𝒅𝒕 𝝏𝒓̇ 2

𝝏𝑳 1 2 2 𝑘
− 𝝏𝒓 𝑚 ( ṙ 2 + r 2 ϕ̇ sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇ ) − 2𝑟 2
2

𝑟̇ 2 2 𝑘
= m𝑑𝑡 + 0 + 0 + 0 − ( 𝑜 + 𝑚rϕ̇ sin2 θ + mrθ̇ − 𝑟 3 )
 𝑘
̈ 𝒎𝐫𝛟̇𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝛉 + 𝐦𝐫𝛉̇𝟐 + 3
= m𝒓 − 𝑟

 ϕ
𝒅 𝝏𝑳 1 𝑘 𝝏𝑳 1
( 𝑚 ( ṙ 2
+ r 2 ϕ̇2 sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇2 ) − 𝑟 3 ) − 𝝏𝝓 𝑚 ( ṙ 2 + r 2 ϕ̇2 sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇2 ) −
𝒅𝒕 𝝏𝝓̇ 2 2
𝑘
𝑟3

ϕ̇
=0 + m r 2 dt sin2 θ + 0 − 0 − (0 + 0 + 0 + 0)

=m𝐫 𝟐 𝛟̈𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝛉

 θ
𝒅 𝝏𝑳 1 𝑘 1 𝑘
( 𝑚 ( ṙ 2
+ r 2 ϕ̇2 sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇2 ) − 𝑟 3 𝑚 ( ṙ 2
+ r 2 ϕ̇2 sin2 θ + r 2 θ̇2 ) − 𝑟 3
𝒅𝒕 𝝏𝜽̇ 2 2

θ̇
= 0 + mr 2 dt + 0 + 0 − (0 + mr 2 ϕ̇2 sinθ cosθ + 0

= m𝒓𝟐 𝜽̈ - 𝐦𝐫 𝟐 𝛟̇𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉