2019
METODE IDENTIFIKASI
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
Dalam beberapa kasus fungsi f(x,y) di sebelah kanan persamaan dapat dituliskan
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = −
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
• Persamaan diferensial
Pertanyaan:
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
= 𝑀 𝑑𝑎𝑛 =𝑁
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕𝑀 𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕𝑁
= 𝑑𝑎𝑛 =
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 2𝑢 𝜕 2𝑢
=
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
• Maka didapatkan
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
• Sebaliknya jika
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
= 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑎𝑛 = 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕
∅′ (𝑦) = 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) − ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕∅′ (𝑦) 𝜕 𝜕
= [𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) − ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁 𝜕 𝜕
= − [ ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁 𝜕 𝜕
= − [ ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
= − =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Contoh soal:
Y dx + x dy = 0
𝜕𝑀(𝑥,𝑦)
Misal : 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 → =1
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 → =1
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀(𝑥,𝑦 ) 𝜕𝑁(𝑥,𝑦)
Karena = maka PD diatas merupakan PD EKSAK.
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
SOAL:
2. (x2 + y) dx + (2y2 + x) dy = 0
Penyelesaian:
1. (9x2 + y – 1) dx – (4y – x) dy = 0
Misalkan: M = 9x2 + y – 1
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
N = -4y + x sehingga =1=
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
, = 3𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝜕𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦)
= 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕
(3𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦) = −4 + 𝑥
𝜕𝑦
di intergralkan menjadi :
𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶2 yaitu
3𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶1 =𝐶2
3𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 2𝑦 2 = 𝐶
= ∫(𝑥 2 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)
1
= 3
𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
2𝑦 2 + 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)
𝑄′(𝑦) = 2𝑦 2
𝑄(𝑦) = ∫ 2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
2
= 𝑦3
3
2 2
𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3
3 3
= ∫(2𝑦 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑄𝑥
1
= 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)
3
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)
𝜕𝑦
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)
𝑄′(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑄(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑥2
2
1 2
𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3
3 3