STRESS BLOCK PARAMETERS

CALCULATION OF STRESS BLOCK PARAMETER

Z = lever arm = (d – k2xu)

From similar triangles in strain diagram, we have
εcu/xu = εs/(d - xu)
((d - xu) × εcu)/
εs = xu
εs xu + εcu xu
εcu/ = εcu
(εcu/d
(εs+ εcu) = (εs+ εcu))*d
xu = neutral axis
d = effective depth of section
b = breadth of section
εcu = strain in concrete
εs = strain in steel
xu = depth of neutral axis in m
fck = grade of concrete in N/mm2

As per IRC: 112, εcu= 0.0035 and strain at which stress reaches design strength εo = 0.002
 Stress Block Parameters-Values

0.0035/xu = 0.002/x1
x1 = (0.002 × xu)/0.0035
x1 = 4/7 xu
x1 = 0.571 xu
x2 = xu-x1
x2 = xu - 0.571 xu
x2 = 3/7 xu
x2 = 0.429 xu

Area of stress block

A = A1+ A2
A = (0.45 × fck × 0.429 × xu) + (2/3 × 0.45 × fck × 0.571 × xu)
A = 0.3645 × fck × xu

Calculation of depth of Neutral Axis,

ΣAi×xi/
x = Σai
[(2/3 × 0.45 × fck × 4/7 × xu) × (3/7 × xu + 3/8 × 4/7 × xu)] +
Σ (Aixi) = [0.45 × fck × 3/7 × xu × 3/7 × xu/2]
Σ (Aixi) = 0.1515 × fck × xu2
x = 0.1515 × fck × xu 2/0.3645 × fck × xu
x = 0.42 xu
Centroid of compression force acts at a distance of 0.42 xu from compressive fiber

Case 1: Balanced Section

In Balanced section, xu=xumax
Stress Block Parameters-Balanced section

At Equilibrium:
Cu = Tu
0.36×fck× xu max ×b = 0.87× fy ×Ast max
xu max = 0.87×fy×Ast max/0.36×fck×b
Dividing both sides by‘d’, we obtain
xu max/d = 0.87×fy×Ast max/0.36×fck×bxd
But ,Ast max/b×d = pt max
pt max = = (xu max/d)×0.36×fck/0.87×fy where,
pt max = = limiting percentage of steel
Applying initial triangles to strain diagram
0.0035/xu max = 0.002 + (0.87×fy/Ɛs)
d - xu max
xu max/d = 0.0035
0.0055 + (0.87×fy/Ɛs)
εs
= 200000 N/mm2

fy xu max/d
250 = 0.53
415 = 0.48
500 = 0.46

Calculating Moment of Resistance:

Mu lim = Cu × Z
Mu lim = 0.36×fck×xu max ×b× (d-0.42×xu max)
 0.36×fck×u max/
Mu lim = d ×b× (d-0.42×u max/d ) × d2

Case 2: Under Reinforced Section

In this section, tensile strain in steel attains its limiting value first and at this point the
strain in extreme compressive fiber is less than limiting strain.

εs < εcu

Neutral axis depth is obtained by equilibrium condition

0.36×fck× xu ×b = 0.87× fy ×Ast

xu = 0.87×fy×Ast/0.36×fck×b …………………………………… (a)
Moment of Resistance
Mu = Tu x Z
Mu = 0.87
0.87 ×× fy
fy ×× Ast
Ast ×× (d - 0.42 xu)
(1 -(0.42xu/d)
Mu )×d
From a,
xu /d = 0.87×fy×Ast/0.36×fck×bxd
Mu = 0.87 × fy × Ast × (1 -(0.42×2.417×fy×Ast)/(fck× b × d )) × d
Mu = 0.87 × fy × Ast × (1 -(1.015×fy×Ast)/(fck× b × d )) × d
Mu = 0.87 × fy × Ast × (1 -(fy×Ast)/(fck× b × d )) × d
× 4/7 × xu)] +
…………………… (a)
xu neutral axis
d effective depth of section
b breadth of section
εcu strain in concrete
εs strain in steel
xu depth of neutral axis in m
fck grade of concrete in N/mm2

0.736 0.115 0.08464

0.1454 0.33 0.047982
0.0325 0.48 0.0156
0.24375 0.905 0.220594
0.065 1.38 0.0897
0.18125 1.58 0.286375
0.02 0.463333 0.009267
0.04 1.346667 0.053867

1.4639 0.808024 0.551967