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BIRLA SHISHU VIHAR 0

ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2019-20
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
“ANALYSIS OF COIN”

SUMBITTED TO: SUMBITTED BY:

MR .GYAN PRAKASH SINGH RAHUL KIRORIWAL
PGT CHEMISTRY XII-B
BIRLA SHISHU VIHAR
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CERTIFICATE
This is herby to certify that the original and genuine investigation
work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and the satisfactory by RAHUL
KIRORIWAL of class XII-B of BIRLA SHISHU VIHAR, PILANI.
Regarding his project titled

“ANALYSIS OF COIN”

Under my supervision for partial fulfilment of the practical

examination of class XII

“ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

2019-20”

Mr. Pavan vashistha Mr. Gyan prakash singh

PRINCIPAL PGT CHEMSITRY
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 0

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and owe a grave

sense of thankfulness to MR. Gyan prakash singh for his valuable
guidance, incommensurate indoctrination support and supervision
all through the building of this project

“ANALYSIS OF COIN”

Finally I tend to thanks to my principal and the school for

providing every single thing required for the project.

PURPOSE
I was interested in finding out the contents of the coins

we use in everyday life money transactions. Humans have

been using coins since their invention in 700 B.C. for

trading of goods and services.

Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that

I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge

with other factors helped me to do so.

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THEORY 0

A coin is a piece of hard material that is standardized in

weight, is produced in large quantities in order to facilitate
trade, and primarily can be used as a legal tender token for
commerce in the designated country, region, or territory.

Coins are usually metal or a metallic material and

Sometimes made of synthetic materials, usually in the
shape of a disc, and most often issued by a government.
Coins are used as a form of money in transactions of
various kinds, from the everyday circulation coins to the
storage of large numbers of bullion coins.
In the present day, coins and banknotes make up
currency, the cash forms of all modern money systems.
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals
or a metal and non-metal.
They are generally harder than their components with
reduced malleability and ductility.
Alloys are prepared to enhance certain characteristics of
the constituent metals, as per requirement.

The coinage metals comprise, at minimum, those metallic

chemical elements which have historically been used as
components in alloys used to mint coins.
Coins that are intended for circulation have some special
requirements based on the conditions they will encounter.
For example, a coin may be in circulation for up to 30
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years, and so must have excellent wear resistance and 0
anti-corrosion properties. Achieving this goal necessitates
the use of base metal alloys.
Some metals like manganese have occasionally been used
in coins, but suffer from making the coins too hard to
take an impression well.
 APPARATUS
1) Hydrochloric Acid

2) Sodium Hydroxide 1-12 are

3) Hydrogen Sulphide chemicals

4) Nitric Acid (HNO3)

5) Ammonium Acetate

6) Potassium Iodide

7) Potassium Chromate

8) Potassium Ferrocynide

9) AmmoniumThiocyanide

10) Dimethyl Glyoxime

11) Bromine Water

12) INDIAN coin

(2 Rupee)

13) Test tubes

14) Beakers and Stove

 Twenty Paise Coin (India)-Made
in (2003)

Experiment Observation Inference

Zero Group:
Add concentrated No white Ammonia (NH4+) is
solution of
fumes
Sodium hydroxide(NaOH)
observed.
to it.

Group I: Absent.
No white Pb2+, Ag2+ and Hg22+ are
Add dilute solution of
precipitate absent.
hydrochloric acid to the
original solution formed.

Group II:
Add dilute solution of No black or yellow Pb2+, Cu2+,As3+ are
HCl to
precipitate formed. absent.
the original solution
and pass
H2S gas through it.

Group III:
Add NH4Cl and A white precipitate is
NH4OH(in Al3+ may be present.
excess) to the original obtained.
solution.
Confirmatory For
Cl3+:
Lake Test:
Dissolve the white Blue precipitate is
precipitate Observed
Obtained in dilute HCl. floating in the
Add to colorless
Al3+ is present.
it two drops of blue
litmus Solution.
Solution. To this, add
NH4OH
drop wise till blue
color
Develops.

Group IV:
Use the same solution Co2+,Ni2+,Mn2+ and Zn2+
as used No precipitate formed. Are
in Group III tests and
pass H2S Absent.
gas through it.

Group V:
To the original No white Ba2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ are
solution, precipitate absent.
add
NH4Cl, NH4OH and formed.
(NH4)2CO3.

Group VI:
To the original A white precipitate is
solution, obtained. Mg2+ may be present.
add
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1) Cu2 + H2S  CuS + 2H+
2) Cu2+ + HNO3  CU(NO3)2 + SO2
3) Cu2+ + 2NH4OH  CU(OH)2 + 2NH4

(BLUE PPT)

4) CU(OH)2 + NH4OH  [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 + H20

(Tetra ammine cupric hydroxide)

5) Cu2+ + K4[Fe(CN)6]  Cu2[Fe(CN)6] + 4K+

(Chocolate colour ppt)

6) Al3+ + 3NH4OH  AL(OH)3 + 3NH4+

(Gelatinous white ppt)
7) Al3+ + 3NaOH  Al(OH)3 + NH4+
8) Al(OH)3 + NaOH  NaAl(OH)4
(Excess)
9) Al3+ + Blue litmus + NH4OH  blue lake + Al(OH)3
10) Ni2+ + 2NaOH  Ni(OH)2 + 2Na+
(Green ppt)
11) Br2 + H20  2HBr + [O]
12) 2Ni(OH)2 + H2O + [O]  2Ni(OH)2
(Black ppt)
13) NH4OH + NiSO4 + NH4Cl + DMG  Red rose ppt.
 Precautions

 Since the experiment requires handling of some

dangerous chemicals, therefore adequate precautions
must be taken in handling them especially while heating
conc. Acids and Alkalis.
 The mouth of the test tube must be kept away to avoid
inhaling of eliminating gases.
 All the glassware and test tubes should be properly
cleaned before using them.
 All the test tubes should be properly marked to avoid
any sort of confusion and mix up.
 Some chemicals react aggressively with air so they
should be opened under the guidance of a experience
one.
Conclusion and result
 The chemicals test of the two rupee coin gave
very good results for copper and aluminium .
 The result also showed the presence of iron and
nickel.
 Test for the presence of the other elements gave
negative results.
 It is evident from the chemical tests performed
that copper and aluminium are major constituents
of alloy used for the coin and a little amount of
iron and nickel is also present in it.

RESULT
Twenty Paisa Coin of India contains Aluminum
(Al3+) and Magnesium (Mg2+).
 Bibliography

 NCERT class XII chemistry

 Fundamental chemistry
 Sciencehub.com
 Chemics.com
 Comprehensive chemistry practical manual for class
XII
 Chemistry teacher