Trigonometric Identities

The Six Trigonometric Functions Reciprocal Identities

 ℎ 
1 1
sin  = = csc  = = sin  = csc  =
ℎ 
 csc  sin 
  ℎ 
1 1
cos  = = sec  = = cos  = sec  =
ℎ 
  sec  cos 
   1 1
tan  = = cot  = = tan  = cot  =
   cot  tan 

Pythagorean Identities Quotient Identities

sin  + cos  = 1
 
sec  = 1 + tan 
  sin  cos 
tan  = cot  =
csc   = 1 + cot   cos  sin 

Sum or Difference of Two Angles Product to Sum Formulas

sin ±  = sin  cos  ± cos  sin  cos  cos  =  !"#$%& !"#&%

cos ±  = cos  cos  ∓ sin  sin  sin  sin  = 

 !"#$%$ !"#&%
tan  ± tan 


tan ±  = sin  cos  = 

"'(#&%&"'(#$%
1 ∓ tan  tan 


cos  sin  = 

"'(#&%$"'(#$%

Double Angle Formulas Sum to Product Formulas

sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  cos 2 = cos  − sin 
 
sin  ± sin  = 2 sin +
#±%
, cos +  ,
#∓%

2 tan  cos 2 = 2 cos   − 1
cos  + cos  = 2 cos +  , cos +  ,
#&% #$%
tan 2 = cos 2 = 1 −2 sin 
1 − tan 
cos  − cos  = −2 sin +  , sin +  ,
#&% #$%

Half-Angle Formulas
 1 − cos   1 + cos 
sin = ±- cos = ±-
2 2 2 2
Co-Function Identities
sin +  $1, = cos  csc +  $1, = sec 
0 0

cos +  $1, = sin  sec +  $1, = csc 

0 0

tan +  $1, = cot  cot +  $1, = tan 

0 0
 1 − cos   1 + cos 
tan = ±- tan = ±-
2 1 + cos  2 1 − cos 
 sin 
Even-Odd Identities
tan = sin− = −sin  csc− = −csc 
2 1 − cos 
cos− = cos  sec− = sec 
 1 + cos 
tan = tan− = −tan  cot− = −cot 
2 sin 

Law of Sines Law of Cosines

sin G sin H sin J K  &L $M 
= = .  =  + I  − 2 I cos J J = cos$5 + ,
I . KL
or

© 2010 ANOVA Learning Services www.anova-learning.com Trigonometric Identities & Formulas

 Each trigonometric function in terms of the others
In terms of NOP Q RSN
RSN Q UVP Q RNR Q NXR Q RSU Q

NOP Q =
tan  1 √sec  * 1 1
sin  T1 * cos    
√1  tan  csc  sec  √1  cot  
1 √csc   * 1 1 cot 
RSN Q  T1 * sin  cos    
√1  tan  csc  sec  √1  cot  
sin  √1 * cos  1 1
UVP Q    tan   Tsec  * 1
√1 * sin  cos  √csc   * 1 cot 
1 1 √1  tan  sec 
RNR Q    csc   T1  cot  
sin  √1 * cos  tan  √sec  * 1
1 1 csc  √1  cot  
NXR Q   T1  tan   sec  
√1 * sin  cos  √csc   *1 cot 
√1 * sin  cos  1 1
RSU Q    Tcsc   * 1  cot 
sin  √1 * cos  tan  √sec  * 1

Geometric Constructions of Trig Functions

Unit Circle
A

D
E

C F G B

cccc
Circle with radius Jb
cccc
bd – sine cccc
be – cosine ccccc – tangent
bH
cccc
JG – cosecant cccc
JH – secant cccc – cotangent
bG

Trigonometric Val
Values for Common Angles
Degrees Radians sin  cos  tan  csc  sec  cot 
0° 0[ 0 1 0 undefined 1 undefined
30° [ ⁄6 1⁄ ⁄2 √3⁄2 √3⁄3 2 √3⁄3
2√ √3
45° [ ⁄4 √22⁄2 √2⁄2 1 √2 √2
√ 1
60° [ ⁄3 √33⁄2 1⁄2 √3 2√3⁄3 2 √3⁄3
90° [ ⁄2 1 0 undefined 0 undefined 1
120° 2[⁄3 √33⁄2 *1⁄2 *√3 2√3⁄3 -2 *√3⁄3
135° 3[⁄4 √22⁄2 *√2⁄2 -1 √2 *√2
* -1
150° 5[⁄6 1⁄ ⁄2 *√3⁄2 *√3⁄3 2 √3⁄3
*2√ *√3
180° [ 0 -1 0 undefined -1 undefined
210° 7[⁄6 *1 1⁄2 *√3⁄2 √3⁄3 -2 √3⁄3
*2√ √3
225° 5[⁄4 *√√2⁄2 *√2⁄2 1 *√2 *√2
* 1
240° 4[⁄3 *√√3⁄2 *1⁄2 √3 *2√3⁄3 -2 √3⁄3
270° [ ⁄2 --1 0 undefined 0 undefined -1
300° 5[⁄3 *√√3⁄2 1⁄2 *√3 *2√3⁄3 2 *√3⁄3
315° 7[⁄4 *√√2⁄2 √2⁄2 -1 *√2 √2
√ -1
330° 11[⁄6 *1 1⁄2 √3⁄2 *√3⁄3 -2 √3⁄3
2√ *√3
360° 2[ 0 1 0 undefined 1 undefined

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Trigonomet Identities & Formulas