ANATOMY OF

EYE
 CONTENT
➢ Objectives
➢ Introduction
➢ Gross structure of eye
➢ Parts of eye
➢ Accessary structure of eye
➢ Blood supply to eye
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to:
➢ Define the eye.
➢ Describe the gross structure of eye.
➢ Discuss the various part of the eye.
➢ Elaborate the accessary structure of eye.
➢ Understand how the blood supply to eye.
 INTRODUCTION OF EYE
➢ The eye is the organ of sight.
➢ It is situated in the orbital cavity and supplied by the
optic nerve(2nd cranial nerve).
➢ It is almost spherical in shape and about 2.5cm in
diameter.
➢ The space between the eye and the orbital cavity is
occupied by adipose tissue. The bony walls of the orbit
and the fat protect the eye from injury.
➢ Structurally the two eyes are separate but, unlike the
ears, some of their function as a pair.
 CONTI……..
➢ It is possible to see with only one eye(monocular vision),
but three- dimensional vision is impaired when only one
eye is used, especially in relation to the judgement of speed
and distance.
 STRUCTURE OF EYE
There are three layers of tissue in the wall of eye:
➢ The outer fibrous layer: sclera and cornea.
➢ The middle vascular layer: choroid, ciliary body and iris
➢ The inner nervous tissue layer: the retina
Structure inside the eyeball include the lens, aqueous fluid
and vitreous body
 Outer Fibrous Layer
1. Sclera:
➢ The sclera, or white of the eye, forms the outermost layer
of the posterior and lateral aspect of the eyeball and is
continuous anteriorly with the cornea. It consists of a firm
fibrous membrane that maintains the shape of the eye and
gives attachment to the extrinsic muscles of the eye.
2. Cornea:
➢ Anteriorly the sclera continues as a clear transparent
epithelial membrane, the cornea. Light rays pass through
the cornea to reach the retina.
 Middle Vascular Layer
1. Choroid:
➢ The choroid lines the posterior five- sixths of the inner
surface of the sclera.
➢ It is very rich in blood vessels and in deep chocolate
brown in color.
➢ Light enters the eye through the pupil, stimulates the
sensory receptors in the retina and is then absorbed by
the choroid.
 CONTI…..
2. Ciliary Body:
The ciliary body is the anterior continuation of the choroid
consisting of ciliary muscles and secretary epithelial cells.
The lens is attached to the ciliary body by radiating
suspensory ligaments.
 CONTI……
3. Iris:
➢ The iris is the visible colored ring at the front of eye.
➢ It extends anteriorly from the ciliary body, lying behind
the cornea and in front of the lens.
➢ It is divided into anterior posterior chambers which
contain aqueous fluid secreted by ciliary body.
➢ In its center is an aperture called the pupil.
 CONTI……

4. Lens:
➢ The lens is a highly elastic circular biconvex body just
behind the pupil.
➢ It consist of fibers enclosed within a capsule.
➢ Its thickness is controlled by ciliary muscles through
suspensory ligaments.
INNER NERVOUS TISSUE LAYER:

Retina:
➢ The retina is the inner most lining of eye.
➢ It is an extremely delicate structure and well adapted for
stimulation by light rays.
➢ It has light sensory receptor cells, rods & cones, which
contain photosensitive pigments that convert light rays
into nerve impulses.
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF
THE EYE
➢ Eye lashes & brows
➢ Exocrine glands
➢ Lacrimal apparatus
➢ Conjunctiva
➢ Eyelids (palpebrae)
 MUSCLES OF EYE

6 extrinsic oculomotor muscles of eye.

➢ The superior and inferior oblique muscles.
➢ The inferior, superior, lateral and medial rectus
muscles.
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE EYE:

➢ The eye is supplied with arterial blood by ciliary arteries

and central retinal artery. These are branches of the
ophthalmic artery, a branch of internal carotid artery.
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE EYE:

➢ Venous drainage is by a number of veins, including the

central retinal vein, which eventually empty into a deep
venous sinus.
 REFERENCE

▪ Ross & Wilson. (2014). Anatomy & Physiology in

Health & Illness (12thed.). Edinburgh:Churchill.