COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS QUICK GUIDE TO GUIDELINES FOR HIGH - RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS (MECHANICAL ) Mareb , 2007Mechanical Installation Design Guide for High-Rise Building FOREWORD The Committee for Quality Control of High-Rise Building Construction Projects is continuing the effort to improve the services of the personnel who are involved in the High- Rise Building Construction Industries. In this booklet Mechanical Installation Guidelines are issued especially for the purpose of Quick Guide for the High-Rise Building Construction. The Committee considers that it has become necessary to produce a follow-up to the Guidelines and has therefore issued another booklet on Mechanical Installation Design Guide. ‘Mechanical Installation Designers may follow a short form of Examples as shown, ot may improve or improvise their design without neglecting the basic concepts, rules and regulation of more complete Mechanical Guidelines. All the technical points and particulars stated in this Design Guide are to be included in the submission of the Design to the Committee for Quality Control of High-Rise Building Construction Projects (CQHP). May, 2007 Committee for Quality Control of High-Rise Building Construction Project (CQHP)COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS GUIDELINES FOR MECHANICAL WORKS CONT! Subject Page Gui Air-conditioning and Mechanical Systems ine Gu ine II ‘Transportation System (Materials/ Passengers Hoists) 2.1 Materials Hoists 4 * 2.2. Passengers Hoists 4 2.3 Lifting and Material Transport (Tower Crane) 6~ 2.4 Selection of Steel Ropes for Hoisting 9 Guideline 111 Lift 11~16 G line ITV Escalators & Passenger Conveyors 17~26 Guideline M@&E Equipment and Service Room 27~30COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS GUIDELINE FOR MECHANICAL WORKS - GUIDELINE-I AIR-CONDITIONING AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 1 12 PLANNIN¢ ‘The consulting engineer for each type of installation covered by this guideline should be consulted at the planning stage to ensure a good and economical design. The various matters should be settled in principle, including the following: (@) + Location of plant rooms, outdoor air intakes and exhaust air outlets (6) Occupancies of buildings (©) _ Restrictive conditions governing pipe and duct runs (@) Drainage facilities for discharge of condensate and emptying installation (©) Source and quantities of intemal heat and moisture gains, e.g, people, lighting, equipment, appliances, etc. (0) Noise and air pollution to/from adjacent buildings AIR-CONDITIONING DESIGN Anair-conditioning system should be designed such that it can maintain a comfortable and healthy environinent under all the operating conditions that can be expected, in an energy conserving ‘manner, 1.2.1 General requirements (8) Indesigningacentral air-conditioning system fora building, the cooling load of the building both sensible and latent and the ventilation load should be calculated. (6) Anair-conditioning system should be designed to meet the indoor temperature and humidity requirements when it operates at full load and part-load. Its ability to maintain the indoor conditions at part-load should be checked at the design stage. (©) If the sensible cooling load ofa space to be air-conditioned can be expected to fall below halfits design value in designing the system itis necessary to ensure thatthe indoor relative humidity does not exceed 70% when the sensible cooling load is halfits design value and the sensible heat factor is atits anticipated value. (@ Documentation on the design of an air- conditioning system should be kept for future reference.13 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 Calculation of cooling load (2) Cooling loads for the purpose of sizing systems and checking of performance shall be determined in accordance with on¢ of the procedures described in the ASHRAE. Handbook of Fundamentals or an equivalent computation procedure. (b)_ Thenormal design indoor conditions for comfort air-conditioning can vary for sed- entary occupants. = dry bulb temperature 23°C to 25°C ~ relative humidity 55% to 65% (©) When the indoor dry-bulb temperature is equal to the mean radiant temperature, for lightly clothed sedentary occupants, ~ the usual dry bulb indoor temperature 24°C ~ the usual relative humidity 35% = the usual maximum air movement at occupied level 0.23 m/s Indoor thermal environment ‘When the air-conditioning system isin operation = the indoor dry-bulb temperature ~ the maximum average relative humidity + the maximum air movement atthe occupants level 1500 mm from the floor 22.5°C to 25.5°C 10% 0.25 m/s Indoor supply air (a) The cool supply air should be directed away from the fenestration glazing or the glazing adjacent to. non air conditioned area to prevent moisture condensing on the outside surface. (b) The cool air leaving the supply diffuser should be designed at a temperature more than 2'C above the room dew point to prevent moisture condensing on the diffuser surface. Ductwork and other air passages This section applies to the design, construction and installation oftheir duct system including fittings and accessories for mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning, and the precautions which need to be taken to minimize the spread of fire and smoke via the system through the building in the event ofa fire. MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS 131 Car parks (@) tis required to ventilate the car parking areas in a building in order to remove carbon monoxide and other combustion products from the areas. (b) _ Forthe exhaust part of the ventilation system, at least 50% of the exhaust air shall be extracted at low level not exceeding 650 mm above ‘the finished floor, as measured from the top of the grille to the finished floor. (©) The supply air shall be drawn directly from the external and its intake shall not be less than Sm from any exhaust discharge openings. Outlets forthe supply air shall be adequately distributed over the car park area.ERE 3 1.3.2. Aboveground car park (a) Forabove ground car park, no mechanical ventilation is required for any part of the car park where natural ventilation opening ofnot less than 20% of the floor area served is provided. 13.3. Basement car park (@ _ Forbasementcar park, the mechanical ventilation system shall be designed to maintain under negative pressure at all times to prevent the spread of noxious gases into adjacent occupied areas, (6) Forbasement car park exceeding one level, the supply and exhaust parts shall be designed in suchia way as to minimize intermixing of air between the different levels,COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROTECTS GUIDELINE FOR MECHANICAL WORKS GUIDELINE TI ‘TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (MATERIALS/ PASSENGERS HOISTS ) 2.1 Materials Hoists - These are designed for the vertical transportation of materials, passengers or materials and passengers. Materials hoists are designed for one specific use (i. the vertical transportation of materials) and underno circumstances should they be used to transport passengers. ‘When in use material hoists need to be stabilized and/or tied to the structure and enclosed witha protective screen. 2.2 Passengers Hoists - These are designed to carry passengers although most are capable of ‘transporting a combined load of materials and passengers within the lifting capacity of the hoist. Typico! Materials Hoist Details - 5 automatic overun control { —- top bracket with protective screen | out of scaffolding |; placed around | mast ‘to forma | hoistwoy fitted f! lattice hoist mast 7-320 high which can be extended by adding further hoist mast i sections to 32-000 high gotes ot least fy 7 providing tie support is 2-000 high at we given every 2°750 above ‘ail landing levels os the initial 7-320 mast to be supplied SHiat height ond erected by TAY main contractor—m4}: iE conteot rope operated trom 4 outside protective | screen & as 1500 wide x 1/200 deep two | borrow hardwood | hoist rope tubular mast support struts | --—-dieset or electric Ql el g timber hoist ; platform with o anti- wolk meximum toad — || peaommrar i ‘ through capacity of 500kg screen around power unit timber buffer plote—! stobilising jocks of outriggersTypical Passengers Hoist Detoils ~ possenger hoist tower assembled from 1-500 face of long sections to a structure maximum tied height of 240-000 stondards - climbing rack ties to suruetare ;~ working platform on ot 12-000 I | top of cage for scaffold centres —— | type crane used to extend Y hoist tower 2-700 high electric motor ‘ond pinion housed behind cage cage to corry 12. persons or 0 total poyload of 1000 kg.at speeds of 40 to 100 metres per minute — 1-680 tong x 1-370 wide enclosed passenger cage landings as required access gote hoist NB operation of hoist is from within the cage ond the hoist must be fitted to prevent ony overrun 2°600 high wire mesh screen enclosure to lowest hoist position reinforced concrete baseo7 2.3. LIFTING AND MATERIALS TRANSPORT (TOWER 2.3.1 OPERATIONALCONDITIONS SITING AND GENERALSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS (1) General A crane should be sited such that the crane can adequately serve the worksite without the need to encroach upon public areas, A point to note here is that cranes that are perched on high tise buildings will be subjected to stronger winds, and consequently, higher wind load. Wind load exert considerable forces on the crane and hence, adequate allowance should be made for this when deciding the type of crane to use, and when designing its supports, (a) Addition of billboards on the crane’s ib or counter-jib will increase the wind load, attachment ‘of billboards should be best avoided according to the manufacture’s recommendations. (b) Clearance must first be obtained from the competent authorities to ensure that the crane does not interfere with zones designated as aircraft flight path before the crane is erected. (2) Safety Considerations of Ground Conditions And Support (a) When the crane’s loads taken by the ground on which it stands, then itisimportant that the ground has adequate soil bearing capacity to support it. (b) Where the crane is to be supported by other structures (such as the building which is being used) then a thorough check should be made to ensure that the structure and all the crane’s (3) Ground Hazards (a) Cranes should not be sited on grounds which can pose a hazard to its foundation, (b) As faras practicable, cranes should not be placed near excavations, embankments, buried pipes, etc. Where siting the crane at such locations are unavoidable, then itis necessary to make rectification. (4) Gradients (a) Cranes should be sited on level ground or surface. (bo) Where the crane is mounted on rails, then the entire length of the rail shall be laid on level surface. (S) Lightning Itisessential that itis adequately grounded or otherwise protected against lightning in accordance with manufacture’s recommendation, (© Warning Lights/Flags ‘The crane should be fitted with aircraft waming lights.. -_——_ an ae 7 () STABILITY (@) The crane should be installed such thatit is stable, while in-service and out-of service. (b) The crane’s supporting structure should be of sufficient strength to withstand the maximum loads imposed by the crane. (©) Thecrane should be plumbed and should remain so throughout, 2.3.2 ERECTION AND DISMANTLING (1) General (@) The crane owner, hirer or end user should ensure that all tower cranes (new or used) have the necessary documents and valid papers for operating safely. (b) Before the crane is erected or dismantled, the area affected by the process has first to be cleared of personnel not involved with the erection work. (©) The parts and components ofa tower crane should be inspected by a competent engineer before itis erected. Only correct parts and components are to be used for the crane. (@) The crane’s load capacity chart in relationto its operating radius is to be fitted inthe operator's cabin at such a place that is visible to the operator while he is operating the crane. (2) Competeney Of Erection And Dismantling Workers (@) Supervisors and workers involved in erection and dismantling work should be trained and competent in such work, (b) After the crane has been erected, the erectors should give a written declaration that the crane has been erected in accordance with the manufacture’s specificatio (3) Checks On Completion Of Erection (a) After the crane has been erected, it should first be checked and tested by the erector. (p) The crane should then be tested under no-load conditions, with a suitable working load and under maximum load conditions. (4) Limit Switches, Indicators And Other Safety Devices (a) Whenever limit switches and alarms are used, these have to be properly installed, (b) The use of radius indicator is mandatory for all cranes. (©) Allcranes are to be fitted with a load moment limit switch or similar device to prevent the crane from being overloaded. (8) Guarding OfMoving Parts Where moving parts of the crane are exposed and are such that they can cause danger to anyone, these parts are to be effectively guarded, (6) Modification Of Cranes Cranes should not be modified beyond what is allowed by the manufacturer.2.3.3 a @) @) () 6) (6) 2.3.4 OPERATION AND CONTROL ‘Tower cranes should not be used for purpose which are expressly prohibited by the crane ‘manufacture. In addition, the crane should not be for the following purposes: (@) Dragging and pulling of load; (b) Carrying any inclined load; (© _ Pilling work; and (@ _ Canying swing ball for demolition services. A tower crane should also not be used for tandem lifting with any other crane, The crane should not be used for transportation or support of persons. Crane Operation = The towercrane must be operated by a competent operator. = The operator should conduct pre-operation checks on the crane at the start of the work shift ‘These should included: (@) Observe the verticality of the erane; (b) _ Checkall limit switches; (© Checkall brakes; (@ Check all warning devices; (©) Ensure that the electrical cables in the mast are free from twisting if the crane is ofa type without corrective rings; (© _ Inaddition, for traveling tower cranes, he should ensure ‘that the rail clamps are released; i) that the trackis free from obstructions; (@) Observe any other visual or audio abnormalities. The load should not be manoeuvred over areas outside the confines of the worksite. ‘The load should not be jerked or caused to be jerked while itis being manoeuvred. Sudden movements and stoppages are also to be avoided. ‘The crane should not be operated under wind conditions that will affect the safe operations of the crane. Itshould also not be operated in inclement weather or when theres insufficient light for safe operation. Crane Owner’s Or User's Responsibility. ‘The crane owner, hirer or end user should ensure that the operator and slingersare competent to carry out their responsibility,RR 9 2.3.5 Leaving The Crane Unattended (@) Whenever the crane is to be left unattended even fora short duration of ime, @ _all suspended loads should be removed. Gi) The control has to be neutral and the power switched off. Gii) The appropriate motion brakes and locking devices should be applied, with the hook raised to its highest position and moved to its minimum radius. (iv) The cabin door should be locked to prevent unauthorized entry. (b) When the crane isto be left unattended overnight, or for longer periods, (@_ theaboveare also applicable. @)_ the appropriate out-of-service procedures should be followed, This may include the moving of the crane to a storage area and with rail clamps attached. Cranes that can weather-vane without endangering nearby cranes or other tall structures should be allowed to do so. Otherwise the boom should be slowed back to a safe location and locked. 2.4 SELECTION OF STEEL WIRE ROPES FOR HOISTING 2.4.1 General - When selecting a rope fora specific duty, consideration should be given to, (a) The maximum load that can be applied to the rope. This will determine the Safe Working Load (SWL) and hence the Minimum Breaking Load of the rope required; (b) The type of equipment with which the rope is to be used. i (©) The likely causes of rope deterioration which will determine the rope construction, lubrication and wire finish. 2.4.2 Safe Working Load (SWL) (a) To guard against failure it is necessary for the rope to have a margin of strength to allow forall the stresses placed on the rope in operation and to allow for the loss in strength of the rope at the termination, itis necessary for the rope to have a ‘factor of safety’. (b) The safe working load of the rope is the minimum breaking load divided by the factor of safety. In the absence of a specific factor of safety in standards or legislation, then a minimum value of five (5) should be adopted. (©) The formula for computing the SWL is as follows: ‘Minimum Breaking Load of the rope SWL = Factor of safety Example. Ifthe wire rope catalogue gives the breaking load of the rope as 10 tonnes fora factor of safety of 5, the SWL is: 10 tonnes SWL = —— = tonnes 2.4.3 Factors of Safety ‘The minimum factor of safety of wire rope used in winches and cranes shall be as follows: (2) 4 forstationary ropes; (b) 5 forrunning ropes. ‘Under adverse working conditions, a higher factor of safety is recommended.2.4.4 Main Criteria for Selecting Wire Ropes For Hoisting The following points constitute the criteria for selecting wire ropes for hoisting: (a) ) © @ © o Wire rope strength Resistance to bending fatigue Resistance to abrasion Resistance to crushing Resistance to torsion Reserve strength 2.4.5 Other Factors @ (b) ©) Specific usage, environmental condition (e.g foundry, marine or corrosive environment) and the type of the hoisting equipment should also be considered as well; Frequency of usage; Load range. 2.4.6 PRECAUTIONS Wire ropes, like the equipment and hoists on which they are used, require careful use, handling and maintenance for satisfactory performance, long life and adequate safety. The following precautions should be observed to meet these requirements: @ ) © @ ©) oO @® h) 0 @ w 0 (™ @) (©) ©) @ © © © @ ) ww) Ensure that the correct rope is used. Inspect or examine ropes regularly by following the rope manufacturer's guidelines. Minimize shock loading as over-stressing of the rope will occur. Protect rope from sharp comers and edges with padding. Avoid dragging the rope from heights. Avoid dropping the rope from heights, Store unused ropes in a clean, dry place. Never use wire rope which has been cut, badly kinked or crushed, Prevent loops in slack lines from being pulled tight and kinking, Ensure that the drums and sheaves are of sufficient diameters. Avoid reverse bends. Repair or replace faulty guides and rollers. Ensure the sheaves are aligned and the fleet angle is correct. Replace sheaves having deeply wom, Repair faulty clutches. Check for abnormal line whip and vibration. Ensure that the rope spools properly on the drum ‘Never wind more than the correct amount of rope on a. drum. Never allow the rope to cross-wind. Ensure the rope ends are properly seized, Ensure the new wire rope undergoes a run-in period before operating at full load and full speed, Use thimblesin eye fittings atall times. Lubricate regularly according to the manufacturer's recommendations,RP. Oe * E 3.2 iW COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ‘Lift Well CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS GUIDELINE FOR MECHANICAL WORKS GUIDELINE IIT No equipment except that forming a part of the lift shall be installed in the lift well. ‘The supply mains to the lift machine room should be installed outside the lift well. 2, = Thedistance between consecutive landing doorsills should not more than 11 m. - When the distance exceeds 11 m, intermediate door shall be provided. ~ The opening of the door will render the lift inoperative, 3. = The construction material shall be non-combustible and shall not be such that it might give offharmful gases in case of fire. 4, = Thelift well shall be madeas smoke-tightas possible. 5. = Total vent opening area of not less than 0.1 m? foreach lift at the top of the shaft shall be provided. 6. = Forthe observation lift, clearance between the car and the eneloser shall be not less than 450 mm measured horizontally at any point of the travel. 7, ~ Forte observation lift, the glass used in the enclosure shall be laminated safety glass, wire glass or toughened safety glass and guarded. The minimum thickness shall be 10 .mm. Lift pit 1, = Where the depth ofa pit exceeds 1000 mm and where no other means of access exists, aladder shall be fixed permanently. - The pit ladder shall extend up to 1500 mm above the bottom terminal floor and pit, ladder shall be installed for every lift. 2. ~ Accontact shall be fitted to the pit access door so that it operates to stop the lift adjacent toit. 3. = Apermanent guarded light with a switch near the entrance shall be provided for each lift inthepit. 4, = Pits shall be waterproofed before installation of the lit equipment. + Pits shall have a covered sump located there in, ~The sump should not be flooded. ~ , Where sump pumps are required, they shall preferably be installed outside the lift well. ~ "The level of any extemal sump shall be such that water cannot flow back into the lift well. = Drains shall notrun into pits. ~ Aswitched socket-outlet shall bein the pit. Lift machine room 1, ~The floor shall be capable of sustaining a concentrated load of 135 kg on any 2500 mm? area, and it shall be designed fora live load of not less than 6000 N/mm? in all open areas. 2: ‘The machine room should have free access way of at least 450 mm wide to all parts of the machines and equipment located there.34 35 eaan FY 12 The floor space around the control panel should be 600 mm at the front and the back, ‘There shall be a clear vertical distance of at least 0.5 m above the machine or apparatus inevery machine room. Every machine room should be protected against all weather. Permanent electric lighting shall be provided. One or more switched socket-outlets shall be provided in the room. ‘The temperature measured at any point within 1000 mm of the machinery and associ- ated equipment shall not exceed 38°C. ‘The doors of the machine rooms shall be self-closing self-locking type. The doors shall not open towards the inside of the room. Landing doors Hae was Alllanding doors shall be fitted with an electro-mechanical door interlock. Emergency unlocking devices shall be provided for every landing door. Car-frame and platform members should be strong enough. Lif cars shall be permanently enclosed on all sides except the top and the sides used for entrance and exit. The enclosure shall be securely fastened to the car platform. The deflection of the enclosure will not reduce the limited running clearance. ‘Anemergeney trap door shall be provided in the carroof. _ Car roofs should be strong enough. {A protected electric light shall be provided at the car roof. ‘Not less than two light fittings shall be provided, Apparatus or equipment shall not be installed inside of any lift car. ‘Material for enclosures shall be metal or non-combustible. Cars shall be provided with ventilation aperture. ‘The opening of the car-door shall render the lift inoperative. Door safety device shall be installed. For passengers lifts, rated loading capacity is recommended that beyond 40 persons or 2720 kg load, add 0.115 m? for each extra person or 0.16 m? for each extra 100 kg. For goods lifts, the rated load of the lft shall be not less than 245 kg/m? of inside nett platform area. Counterweights __ Counterweight frames shall be strong enough. ‘The sub-weights shall be of cast iron, wrought iron, steel or lead. A suitable guard shall be fixed in the lift pit around the path of the counterweight. Such guard shall extend from a height of not more than 300 mm above the floor of the lift pitto aheight of not less than 2000 mm. Suspension, compensation and overspeed protection 1 2 3 4, Only steel wire ropes specially constructed for lift use shall be employed, ‘The minimum diameter of ropes shall be 8 mm. ‘The number of ropes for car and counterweight shall be not less than three, ‘The ratio of the diameter of any sheave to the diameter of the rope wound on it shall not be less than (40:1)3.7 38 naw 13 ‘The data plate of ropes shall be permanently fixed to the cross head. ‘The factor of safety shall be not less than (12) forall lifts Car and counterweight wire ropes shall be fastened by individual tapered babbitted sockets or self-tightening wedge type sockets. ‘The car shall be maintained at the lowest level without slip when loaded to 125% of the rated load. ‘Theminimum diameter for the governor rope shall be 6mm. ._ Theratio of the pitch diameter of the overspeed governor pulley and the nominal rope diameter shall be at least (30), Car and Counterweight safety gear ‘The safety switch provided shall not be of auto resetting type. For speed up to 0.75 m/s, instantaneous safety gear may be used. For the counterweight, arated speed of not greater than 1 m/s, instantaneous safety gear type may be used. For speed above 0.75 mvs, the progressive guide clamp type shall be used. ‘Where the space below lift well is used as a passageway or is occupied by persons, the counterweight shall be provided with safety gear. Inthe case of lifts installed without casing outside a building, the safety operating mecha- nisms shall be of corrosion-resistant. Guide rails, buffers and final limit switches 1 Guide rails shall be sufliciently strong to with stand the loads due to the operation of the safety gear when stopping a fully-loaded car oF the counterweight. ‘The guide shall extend to the full extent over-travel of the car and counterweight. ‘The variation in horizontal distance between guides shall not be more than (3 mm). All guide rails shall be plumbed, Butfers or bumpers shall be located symmetrically with reference to the centre of gravity ofthe car frame or the counterweight Spring for buffers will not take a permanent set upon absorbing the energy of the fully loaded car at maximum governor trip speed. Buffers of spring or oil type shall be installed under the cars and counterweight of lifts having a rated speed exceeding 0.25 m/s, For rated speed not exceeding 0.25 m/s, solid bumpers can be installed. Spring buffers or their equivalent may be used where the rated speed does not exceed 1 ms. + Spring buffers for cars shall be at or near the fully compressed state when supporting a static load of between (2.5 ~4) times the sum of the rated load plus the weight of the car. Spring buffers for counterweights shall be at or near the fully compressed state when supporting a static load of between (2~3) times of the mass of the counterweight. Oil buffers or their equivalent shall be used where the rated speed exceeds I m/s. ‘The stroke of spring buffers shall be equal to or greater than the following Rated speed (m/s) Stroke (mm) upto 0.50 40 0.51 ~0.75 65 0.76 ~ 1.00 100 ‘The minimum stroke of oil buffers shall be based on the following The stroke shall be such that the car or the counterweight on striking the buffer at 15% of rated speed. ‘Where a special slow down device is installed the stroke used be less than 50% for speed of less than 4 m/s, and 33 1/3% for speed of 4 m/s or more. “(Table ,Pg. )3.9 Terminal slow-down, stopping and control devices 1, = Operating cams shall be of metal. 2. = Theswitch contacts shall be directly opened mechanically. 3.10 Clearances and runbys 1. Carbottom clearance shall bea vertical clearance of not less than 600 mm, 2. - Cartop clearance shall be not less than the sum of the following. (@) The bottom counterweight runby; (b) The stroke of the counterweight buffer used; (© 600mm or the distance which any other equipment mounted above the top of the car * crosshead, whichever greater; (@ where no provision is made to prevent the jump of the car at counterweight buffer en- gagement, add; (@ One-half the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of rated speed; or (i) One-half the counterweight buffer stroke if reduced stroke buffer conforming to minimum oil buffer stroke. 3. The counterweight top clearance shall be not less than the sum of the following: (@) The car bottom runby; (b) The stroke of the car buffer used; © 150mm; (@) Where no provision is made to prevent the jump of the counterweight at car buffer engagement, add; ( One-half of the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of rated speed; or (i) One-half the ear buffer stroke if a reduced stroke buffer conforming to minimum oil bufferstroke. 4, Céirand counterweight bottom runby shall be not less than the following: (a) Where oil buffers are used, 150mm; (b) Where spring buffers are used, not less than the following: Rated speed (mm/s) Minimum Runby (mm) upto 0.50 500 above (0.5 ~ 1.00) 100 5. Inno case shall the maximum bottom runby exceed the following: (a) 600 mm for car; (b) 900 mm for counterweight 6. - Theclearance between the car and the lif well enclosure shall not be less than (20 mm) - The clearance between the car and the counterweight shall not be less than (50 mm.) - Clearance between counterweight and counterweight screen shall not be less than (20mm). ~ Clearance between the counterweight and lift well enclosure shall be not less than 20 mm). - " The running clearance between the cars and any equipment shall not be less than (50mm). - The clearance between the car-platform sill and the lift well edge of any landing sill shall benot less than (13 mm) but shall be not more than (40 mm), - Thehorizontal distance between the inner surface of the lift well and the car sill shall not exceed 125 mm, The distance given above: (a) may be extended to 200 mm over a height not exceeding 500 mm; (b) may be extended to 200 mm throughout the travel on goods lifts in which the landing doors are vertically siding, (c) isnot limited if the cars provided with a mechanically locked door which can only be opened in the unlocking zone ofa landing door.Po 3.11 15 ‘Emergency operations for lifts 1. Powersupply for special emergency operations shall be provided. 2. _ Emergency operation of lift in the event of power failure shall be; provided. 3. Emergency operation of liftin the event of fire shalll be provided. 4, Emergency operation of lifts) in the event of power failure and fire shall be provided. 5. ‘Energy conservation system shall be provided.General illustration m4 00% OR Dreosune (AR cute Ra 4. wcaroe ysoe. soot cout Wen BuTON Figure 1 - Typical lift installation 1617 COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROTECTS GUIDELINE FOR MECHANICAL WORKS GUIDELINEIV iGER CONVEYORS Definitions 1, Angle of inclination Avigle to the horizontal in which the steps, the pallets or the belt move. 2. Combs Parts which, at both landings, mesh with the steps, pallets or the belt in order to facilitate the transition of passengers. 3, Deflector device A device to minimize the tisk of trapping between the step and the skirting, 4g Escalator Power-driven installation with endless moving stairway for the conveyance of passengers in the upward or downward direction, 5. Handrail ‘Moving part intended to serve as a handhold for the passengers. 6. Passenger conveyor Power-driven installation with endless moving walkway (e.g. pallets, belt) forthe convey- ance of passengers, either on the same level or between different traffic levels. 7, Public service escalators and public service passenger conveyors Escalators and passenger conveyors which are subject to special operational conditions. In these cases some additional requirements have to be fulfilled, marked in this Code with the note ‘for public service escalators and public service passenger conveyors’, Such opera- tional conditions generally exist on escalators and passenger conveyors when both the fol- lowing conditions apply: (a) They are part of a public traffic system including entrance and exit points: (b) They are suitable for regularly operating for approximately 140 h/weck with a load reaching 100% of the brake load (12.4.4.1 and 12.4.4.3) during periods lasting for at least 0.5 h during any time interval of 3 h. 8. Rated speed Speed in the direction of the moving steps, pallets or the belt, when operating the equipment under no load condition, stated by the manufacturer as that for which the escalator or pas senger conveyor had been designed and at which it should operate. 9. Theoretical capacity ‘Number of persons that can be carried theoretically by the escalator or passenger conveyor in 1h, The determination of the theoretical capacity is given in Annex A..42 43 44 45 46 47 48 18 Enclosure of the escalator and passenger conveyor 1. Allmoving parts of the escalator or passenger conveyor shall be completely enclosed within imperforate panels or walls. 2. Itis permissible to omit an enclosure of the moving parts if other measures make a hazard to the publicimpossible. 3. Theenclosure shall have adequate mechanical strength and rigidity. Itshall benon-combustible. Inspection doors and trap doors ‘When inspection doors or trap doors are opened, safety contacts shall prevent adjacent escalators or passenger conveyors from being operated. Apertures for ventilation It shall not be possible to touch any moving part through a ventilation aperture. ‘The clear height above the steps of the escalator Itshall be not less than 2.10matall points. Supporting structure of the escalator or passenger conveyor It shall be designed in a way that it can support the dead weight of the escalator or passenger conveyor plus a passenger weight of 500N/m?. Accessibi - _ Inmachinery spaces and retum stations, space with a sufficiently large standing area shall be kept free from fixed parts of any kind. - Thesize of the standing area shall be at least 0.30 m? and the smaller side shall be at least 0.50 m long, = Where the main drive or brake is arranged between the passenger side of the step, pallet or belt and the retun line, a suitable approximately horizontal standing area in the working zone of not ess than (0.12) shall be provided. The minimum dimension shall be not less than (030m), ‘ic lighting installation in separate machinery spaces, or separate driving and return sta- tions, shall be permanent and fixed, Electric lighting installation in driving and return stations and machine rooms inside the truss shall be by means ofa portable lamp permanently avail- able in one of these places. One or more socket outlets shall be provided in each of these places. - Theelectric lighting installation and the socket outlets shall be independent of the power supply to the machine.49 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 19 ‘Stop Switch - _Itshall be possible to switch off the escalator and passenger conveyor in the driving and retum station, - Escalators and passenger conveyors with the driving unit arranged between the passenger side of the step, pallet or belt and the return line, or outside the return stations, shall have additional stop switches in the area of the driving unit. - Thestop switches shall: (®) —_ be ofamanually opened and closed type; (b) _ have the switching positions marked unambiguously and permanently; (© __ beofsafety contacts. Handrail -— Handrai of the steps, pallets or belt = Ahandrail inlet safety switch shall be provided. = Acontrol device for handrail breakage shall be installed to stop the escalator or passenger if the handrail breaks. is moving in the same direction and at a speed tolerance of (0% ~ 2%) of the speed. Steps and Pallets (1). The step height shall not exceed (0.24 m). ~ The step depth shall not be less than (0.38 m). ~ The nominal width shall be not less than (0.58 m) and not exceed (1.10 m). ~ Forpassenger conveyors with an angle of inclination upto and including (6°), larger widths are permitted. (2) Stéps and Pallets shall be done static test and dynamic test. (3) The width of the grooves shall be at least (5 mm) and not exceed (7 mm). = The depth of the grooves shall be not less than (10 mm), ~ The web width shall be at least 2.5 mm and not exceed (5 mm). Belts = The width of the grooves shall be at least (4.5 mm) and not exceed (7 mm). ‘The depth of the grooves shall be not less than (5 mm). - The web width shall be at least (4.5 mm) and not exceed (8 mm). Step risers ‘The step risers shall be sufficiently rigid and breakage-resistant.4.14 4.45 4.16 4.17 418 20 Drive for steps, pallets or belt (1) Chain drive forthe steps and pallets. = The safety factor of each chain shall beat least (5). = The chains shall be tension continuously and automatically. Tension springs asa tensioning device are not permitted. When weight are used for tensioning they shall be safety caught should their suspension break. Q) Drum drive forthe belt. = Thesafety factor of the belt including splicing shall be at least (5). = The belt shall be driven by drums, and be tensioned continuously and automatically. Tension springs as a tensioning device are not permitted. When weights are used for - tensioning they shall be safely caught should their suspension break. (3) Other methods of driving steps, pallets or belt are permitted if their safety and operation are atleast equal to those required in above driving methods. ‘Angle of i (1) The angle of inelination (co) of the escalator shall not exceed (30°). = * For risesnot exceeding (6 m) and a rated speed not exceeding 0.50 m/s, the angle of Jination and position of the steps inclination is permitted to be increased to a maximum of (35°). - Theangle of inclination of passenger conveyors shall not exceed (12°). (2) Thesteps leaving the comb and the rear edges of the steps entering the comb are moving horizontally fora length of at least (0.80 m) measured from the tip of the comb. =, Atrated speeds above (0.50m/s) orrisers above (6m) this length shall be at least (1.20m). ~ For public service escalators, atrated speeds above 0.65 ns, this minimum length shall be increased to (1.60m). Machine Each escalator and each passenger conveyor shall be driven by at least one machine ofits own, Speed (1). Therated speed of the escalator shall not exceed: + (0.75 m/s) for angle of inclination up to G0") = (0.50m/s) forangle of inclination (30°~35°) 2) The rated speed of passenger conveyors shall not exceed (0.75 m/s) Braking system (1) Thebraking system shall operate automatically: (a) inthe event of loss ofthe voltage supply; (b) in the event ofloss ofthe voltage supply to the control circuit Q) Where noclectro-mechanical operational brake is used, an awzliary brake shall be provided.4.19 4.20 421 4.22 4.23 424 21 Stopping distances of the escalator Rated speed Stopping distance between 0.50m/s min:0.20mand max: 1.00m 0.65 m/s min: 0.30mand max: 1.30m, 0.75 m/s min: 035mand max: 1.50m Stopping distances for passenger conveyors Rated speed Stopping distance between 0.50 m/s min: 0.20m and max: 1.0m 0.65 m/s min:0.30mand max: 1.30m 0.75 m/s min: 0.35mand max: 1.50m 0.90m/s min:0.40m and max: 1.70m Protection against risks of overspeed - Escalators and passenger conveyors shall be equipped in such a way that they stop auto- matically before the speed exceeds a value of 1.2 times the rated speed. Protection against risk of reversal of the direction of travel = Escalators and inclined passenger conveyors shall be equipped in such a way that they stop automatically by the time the steps and pallets ort belt change from the preset direction of travel. Protection in driving stations and / or return stations - Effective protection shall be provided for rotating parts, if they are accessible and dangerous. Signs, notices for use and signals - All signs, incriptions and notices for use shall be of durable material, placed ina conspicuous position and writen in clearly legible characters, and /or depicted by means of pictographs.‘suoysuaunp jediouuid ‘(uonencio} paniasgo 2q 0} any SuOISUaMUp pajeaqpUr ayy Aju :GuMeEZP at okanoo basses roquts esnepans, ww wy svcisva4gThai Be Danae Riv seg 3 staring (2) - ae cee we Symbot Siting Intetior profile Halustrage intent paneling Balustrade decking Balustrade exterior panting am 30mm 0.12 m (if Yess than 45°) 050m 8 mm, be 38mm 80 mm 70 mm-< 100 mm 50 mm Distance between skirting + 0.45 m 0.40 m= 0.25 mm 0.90 m= 1.10.m omea> ‘The construction of the escalator or passenger conveyor does not have to correspond to the drawing: only the indicated dimensions have to be observed, Figure 2 - Escalator/passenger conveyor (Sectional view), principal dimensions 23Driving chain Deck cow alot dovice Figure 4 - Typical escalator a aly swith S comb Handel in26 Lowor landing Upper landing i aS Detail T Dotail S Pallet type passenger convayor without meshed front and rear.edges of tho pallets Lower landing Upper landing . ~y aa ou —_—— Dewil V Detail U Pallel type passenger conveyor with meshed front and rear edges of the pallets The construction does not have to correspond to the drawing; only the indicated dimensions have to be observed. Dimensions in mm Figure 5 — Pallets, clearance and mesh depth51 27 COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS GUIDELINE FOR MECHANICAL WORKS GUIDELINE V M&E EQUIPMENT AND SERVICE ROOM General: Itis required for'M & E engineer to:- 1 10, ul 15. 16. 7. 18 19, identify the actions necessary prior to commencement of a construction, in order to facilitate the correet provision of uty services; coordinate utility services under public footpaths; design suitable routes for utility services; calculate the areas of buildings necded for services plants; ‘find the sizes of plant room needed forall services from preliminary building information at the design stage; allocate routes for services through the building structure; understand the need for fire barriers in service ducts and correctly locate them; choose suitable sizes for pipe service ducts; understand the need to allow space for pipes cros ing over each other; estimate sizes for service shafts carrying air duets; know the requirements for walkway and crawlway ducts; understand the need for expansion provision in pipework; identify the ways in which pipes can be supported with allowance for thermal movement; "understand the ways in which thermal movement is accommodated knowhow thermal, fire, support and vibration measures are applied to pipes and air ducts passing through fire barriers; apply flexible connections to plant; appreciate the need for coordinated drawings; understand the use of services zones; beable to design boilerhouse ventilation.5.2 53 55 28 Plant room space requirements Buildings plant room requirements can be expressed as a percentage of floor area, as given in Table 1. Table.1 Services plant room space requirements Plant room floor area as a Buildingtype percentage of building florarea, excluding the plant room Simple factory or warehouse 4 Most types (6-9) ‘Small, well-serviced hospital 15 Cold-water storage The volume of cold water to be stored to cover a 24 h period is calculated from the building’s occupaney and type. An incoming break tank may be required at ground or basement level for pneumatically boosted systems. Fire-fighting services may need water storage at ground level. (Please refer to Sanitary Guideline ) Hot-water storage ‘The space needed for vertical indirect hot-water storage cylinders, secondary pumps, pipework, valves, controls and heater battery withdrawal is given by Plant room floor area m? = -Txcylinder volume m'+ 10 Room heights of 3-4.8 m are needed depending on cylinder height. Fuel storage ‘Two equally sized oil storage tanks, supports, tanked catch pit and access are accommodated in oil storage tank room area m!= 22.52 + 0.64 (oil storage volume m’) Plant room height is up to 4.5m. Tanks are frequently located externally and stood on three brick orconerete block piers so that oil will flow by gravity to the bumers, They are of mild steel and protected with bitumastic paint, Airhandling The air-handling plant room size is assessed by assuming that the mechanically ventilated parts of the building have between 6 and 10 air changes per hour. Expected supply air volume flow rate is NV, Q= 3600 600 m/s where Vis the volume of ventilated space (m*) and Nis the number of air changes per hour (6-10), The plant room will be 2.5-5 m high depending on the sizes of fans, ducts, filters, heater and cooler batteries, humidifiers and control equipment. The floor area is Plant room floor area m?= 6.27 + 7.8 x Qm?/s AA firesh-air-only system, such as an induction system, is sized on one air change per hour,5.7 5.8. 5.10 29 Lifts nearly assessment of requirements is made in conjunction with the lift engineer. Electrical substation ‘The incoming high-voltage supply is located ina substation, which may be extemal or on an externa wall of the building. The floor area needed is 35 m? for a200 KVA load and up to 48 m? for a 2000 KVA load. Standby diesel electric generator A standby diesel electric generator supplies emergency electrical power of up to 100% of the connected load from the mains. The plant room will be adjacent tthe substation and will be up to 4m high. The floor area required is 18m? for 50 kVA up to 37 m: for 600kVA, plus a diesel oil storage tank for 7 days of continuous running. SERVICE CORE Service ducts are passageways vertically and horizontally throughout a building, orbetween buildings, Jarge enough to permit the satisfactory installation of pipes, cables and ducts, together with their supports, thermal insulation, control valves, expansion allowance and access for maintenance, ‘The total floor space taken by vertical pipe and cable routes will be up to 1% of the gross floor area. Horizontal service ducts and false ceilings 500 mm deep are used for air-conditioning ducts and other services. 5.10.1 Space for service access All equipment rooms should be adequately sized so that there can be sufficient spacing, ‘maintenance and future replacement of equipment. All equipment should be located in such a way that they are accessible for servicing and maintenance. All gauges should be installed in such a way that they are easily readable and replaceable. All sensors should be installed in such a way that they are easily accessible for regular calibration. ‘Access panels should be provided for VAV boxes, fan coil units, dampers, valves, fans and any accessory concealed in ceiling space. 5.10.2 Equipment installation ‘The following basic considerations are intended as guidelines for installing equipment of plants/systems so that they can be properly secured and their operations later on will cause less environmental problems to the surroundings. 5.10.3 Location ‘When selceting a site or aroom for the location of any piece of equipment, various factors have to be considered including the following: (@ Type of equipment (e.g. indoor or outdoor) (6) Environmental air(e.g. corrosive, dust) (©) Hoisting for initial installation, future replacement and maintenance work@) © o @) @ @ ®) o 30 Scaffolding for installation “Transmission of noise and/or vibration to adjacent area in thebuilding and to adjacent buildings Discharge of heat to and from adjacent buildings Ventilation requirements Space for service access and operational requirements and future expansion ‘Support structure for equipment, pipes, ducts, ete. Electricity and water supply. Fire hazard and construction of fire-rated walls, doors, ete Safety of working personnel.