A Technical Paper On

AGRO SYSTEM
Karthik R Rao, Harshitha, Deepthi D’Souza and Anudeep S
Computer Science and Engineering
Nitte Mahalinga Adyanthaya Memorial Institute of Technology
Nitte-574110
Udupi District
karthikrao@gmail.com
harshitha@yahoo.com
deepthidzouza@yahoo.com
anudeep000@gmail.com

Abstract— Agro system is a system designed and developed for
monitoring ones piece of field from a remote place with a
personal computer . This system is made up of many subsystems.
It includes small systems like weather monitoring system, power
control system and camera control system. These subsystems are
integrated and interfaced with a personal computer as the server.
The server connected with these system forms the agro system.
I. INTRODUCTION
The problem we have solved. The need for remote
monitoring of ones beloved agriculture field. This method
keeps tracks of the activities or changes taking place in the
field and helps user to take suitable action.
Field Automation is the process of automatically
performing everyday functions around the agriculture
field to save you time, energy, money and at the same
time offering improved security.
The automation is performed by a central controller.
This can be either a standalone unit or a piece of
software on a PC. The controller can carry out a number
of functions:
1.2 Functions
Send signals to switch lights and appliances on or off.
Open and close contacts to operate high and low
voltage devices. Schedule and initiate events, such as
watering the field Issue and accept information with
other systems, i.e. sensors etc.
• Field automation is anything that gives you
remote or automatic control of things in &
around the field. The systems that you can
control include: Lighting, Appliances, and
power , switching ON/OFF of pump or water level
in well/field can be detected and appropriate actions
can be performed accordingly. Security and
monitoring systems etc.
This central controller can be accessed and controlled
through interfaces like keypad, wired or wireless touch-
screens (with/without video), universal remotes, mobile
devices. Field automation provides a more convenient &
elegant atmosphere for the family to control and manage
the field. Every one in the family experiences the comfort
of automation with added convenience through
integrated control of scheduled common lifestyle
activities performed everyday. It creates reliable and
coordinated controls to operate field devices
automatically for simplifying operations.
Field automation provides you pro-active field security
so that you can look in on your field remotely from
anywhere in the world, or that your server will phone you
if it finds anything suspicious, or that a fire will alert your
server to wake you, In other words it integrates your
alarm system with other field systems for a response to
intrusion that meets your needs of enhanced Safety.
Security
There are real benefits to having your automation
controller and security system combined in one unit. You
have the advantage of infra red detectors from the alarm
system being available to perform/trigger automation
tasks. You can also benefit from the alarm system
knowing whether you’re at field or not (i.e. whether the
alarm is set or not). This can give numerous benefits, for
example we could set the system so that if no
movement is detected in the field for a given period, say
16 hours, then it rings a mobile telephone and conveys a
message to the recipient.
Needless to say, if the alarm system forms the basis of
our automation system, then it needs to be of a
particularly high standard, able to expand to suit all
requirements. You should be able to connect smoke
detectors in to the system and when triggered,
automatically dialing the fire brigade with a pre recorded
message.
Field Automation
Server
Central
Controller
Remote PC
Internet Medium
Field Appliances
6.1 Microcontroller AT8051
The Intel AT8051 is a Harvard architecture, single chip
micro controller which was developed by Intel for use in
embedded systems. .
The AT80c51 is one of the most popular micro
controllers in use today. Many derivative micro
controllers have since been developed that are based
on--and compatible with--the AT8051. Thus, the ability
to program an AT8051 is an important skill for anyone
who plans to develop products that will take advantage
of micro controllers.
Level Converter MAX 232
Introduction
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts
signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for
use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232
is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX,
TX, CTS and RTS signals.
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs
(approx. ±7.5V) from a single +5V supply via on-chip
charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it
useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that
otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0V to
+5V range, as power supply design does not need to be
made more complicated just for driving the RS-232 in
this case.
The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as
high as ±25V), to standard 5V TTL levels. These
receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3V, and a typical
hysteresis of 0.5V.
The later MAX232A is backwards compatible with the
original MAX232 but may operate at higher baud rates
and can use smaller external capacitors – 0.1μF in place
of the 1.0μF capacitors used with the original device.
MAX232 integrated circuit
The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one
package contains the necessary drivers (two) and
receivers (also two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage
levels to TTL logic. It became popular, because it just
needs one voltage (+5V) and generates the necessary
RS-232 voltage levels (approx. -10V and +10V)
internally. This greatly simplified the design of circuitry.
Circuitry designers no longer need to design and build a
power supply with three voltages (e.g. -12V, +5V, and
+12V), but could just provide one +5V power supply,
e.g. with the help of a simple 78x05 voltage converter.
It should be noted that the MAX232(A) is just a
driver/receiver. It does not generate the necessary RS-
232 sequence of marks and spaces with the right timing,
it does not decode the RS-232 signal, it does not
provide a serial/parallel conversion. All it does is to
convert signal voltage levels. Generating serial data
with the right timing and decoding serial data has to be
done by additional circuitry, Logic Signal Voltage
Serial RS-232 (V.24) communication works with
voltages (between -15V ... -3V are used to transmit a
binary '1' and +3V ... +15V to transmit a binary '0') which
are not compatible with today's computer logic voltages.
On the other hand, classic TTL computer logic operates
between 0V ... +5V (roughly 0V ... +0.8V referred to as
low for binary '0', +2V ... +5V for high binary '1' ). Modern
low-power logic operates in the range of 0V ... +3.3V or
even lower.
So, the maximum RS-232 signal levels are far too high
for today's computer logic electronics, and the negative
RS-232 voltage can't be grokked at all by the computer
logic. Therefore, to receive serial data from an RS-232
interface the voltage has to be reduced, and the 0 and 1
voltage levels inverted. In the other direction (sending
data from some logic over RS-232) the low logic voltage
has to be "bumped up", and a negative voltage has to be
generated, too.
RS-232 TTL Logic
-----------------------------------------------
-15V ... -3V <-> +2V ... +5V <-> 1
+3V ... +15V <-> 0V ... +0.8V <-> 0
All this can be done with conventional analog
electronics, e.g. a particular power supply and a couple
of transistors or the once popular 1488 (transmitter) and
1489 (receiver) ICs.
SOLUTION
Why our solution is worth considering and why it is
effective in some ways that others are not because in this
world of automation, in some or the other forms of system
make their way in replacing man power and thus making life
easy. Even in the field of agriculture automation places a
major role. Hence an attempt to automate and monitor
agriculture fields in this paper.
II. IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation part can be roughly divided in to two
parts:
• Hardware section
• Software section
The hardware section consists of circuits with web
thermometer, web camera and a motor as a power control
system. All these hardware components are connected to
microcontroller which inturn connected to serial port or
RS232 port of the personal computer through a MAX232.
the circuit diagram is as shown below:
I.
In the software section a program controlling the serial
port is designed in C/C++. Through this program
respective signals are handled and sent to the
microcontroller through RS232 serial port. The program is
invoked by the client side machine and the user defined
actions is performed by the server side machine. At the
client side a very interactive user interface is designed
using the HTML,AJAX,PHP and javascript languages.
 III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS There are future plans like controlling through mobile
The system is focussed mainly on landlords or estate phones so that the small farmers are also benefited by this
owners who owns vast area of lands and fields spread system.
across different parts of the world.
This system may be less helpful and not so worthy for
IV. REFERENCES
small farmers as initial investments may be high.

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