 The individual SCs experience flat fading, which allows for simple equalization.

• The symbol period of the sub streams is made long compared to the delay
spread of the time-dispersive radio channel.
• Selecting a special set of (orthogonal) carrier frequencies, high spectral
efficiency is obtained the spectra of the SCs overlap, while mutual influence
among the SCs can be avoided.
• The derivation of the system model shows that by introducing a cyclic prefix
(the GI), the orthogonality can be maintained over a dispersive channel.

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• Method of Digital Communication that breaks a large bandwidth into small
subcarriers using the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).
• Removes Intersymbol Interference (ISI) by having subcarrier frequency be
integer multiples of the symbol rate.
• By dividing total bandwidth into independent subchannels, multiple access
is achieved by distributing subchannels between users.
• Allows for higher data rates by allocating power and subchannels to users
through Adaptive Modulation.
Understanding OFDM generation
• OFDM Transmitter :
An OFDM carrier signal is the sum of a number of orthogonal sub-carriers, with
base band data on each sub-carrier being independently modulated commonly
using some type of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or phase-shift
keying (PSK).
ECE-403 Wireless and Mobile Communication_Budhaditya_Bhattacharyya 9/27/2017
• FEC coding and (FD) interleaving are the crucial idea applied.
• The frequency-selective radio channel may severely attenuate the data symbols
transmitted on one or several SCs, leading to bit errors.
• Spreading the coded bits over the bandwidth of the transmitted system, an
efficient coding scheme can correct for the erroneous bits and thereby exploit the
wideband channel’s frequency diversity

• The complex equivalent baseband

signals generated by digital signal
processing are in-phase/quadrature
(I/Q)–modulated and up-converted
to be transmitted via an RF carrier.

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• IDFT and the DFT are used for, respectively, modulating and demodulating the
data constellations on the orthogonal SCs.
• These signal processing algorithms replace the banks of I/Q-modulators and
demodulators that would otherwise be required.
• The input of the IDFT, N data constellation points {xi,k} are present, where N is the
number of DFT points.
• i is an index on the SC
• k is an index on the OFDM symbol
• N output samples of the IDFT,
being in TD, form the baseband
signal carrying the data symbols
on a set of N orthogonal SCs.
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