PERBANDINGAN TRIGONOMETRI SEGITIGA SIKU-SIKU

1. Konversi sudut
Ukuran sudut:
1 putaran = 2𝜋 rad = 360o CONTOH:
1 o
putaran = 𝜋 rad = 180
2
Radian 𝜋 1
a. 20° = 20° × 180° = 6 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜋
= 𝛼° × 180° 𝜋
b. 480° = 480° × 180° = 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝛼° 1 1
Putaran c. 20° = 20° × 360° = 6 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛
1
= 𝛼° × 360° 1 4
d. 480° = 480° × 360° = 3 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛
Derajat 1 1 180°
a. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × = 60°
180° 3 3 𝜋
=𝛽× 180°
𝜋 b. 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × = 480°
𝜋
𝛽 rad 1 1 1 1
Putaran c. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 3 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × 2𝜋 = 6 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛
1 3
= 𝛽 × 2𝜋 1 3
d. 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 × 2𝜋 = 2 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛
Radian 1 1 2
a. 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 3 𝑝𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 2𝜋 = 3 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
3
= 𝛾 × 2𝜋
b. 4 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 4 𝑝𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 2𝜋 = 8𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝛾 putaran 1 1
Derajat a. 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 3 𝑝𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 360° = 120°
3
= 𝛾 × 360°
b. 4 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 4 𝑝𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛 × 360° = 1440°

Ayo Berlatih!
1) Ubahlah sudut berikut ke bentuk derajat:
1 3
a) 𝑟𝑎𝑑 b) 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛
4 4

2) Ubahlah sudut berikut ke bentuk radian:

1
a) 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 b) 30°
12
Penyelesaian:

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2. Perbandingan sudut
B B

5
4

A C A 3 C

𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩 𝟒
𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒎𝒊 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑪 𝟓
𝒔𝒂 𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑪 𝟑
𝒄𝒐𝒔 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒎𝒊 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑪 𝟓
𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩 𝟒
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒔𝒂 𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑪 𝟑
𝒎𝒊 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑪 𝟓
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩 𝟒
𝒎𝒊 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑪 𝟓
𝒔𝒆𝒄 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒔𝒂 𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑪 𝟑
𝒔𝒂 𝑨𝑪 𝑨𝑪 𝟑
𝒄𝒐𝒕 ∠𝑪 = = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 ∠𝑪 = =
𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩 𝟒

Ayo Berlatih!
12
1) Segitiga ABC siku-siku di B, jika 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∠𝐴 = . Tentukan nilai perbandingan trigonometri yang
5
lain untuk ∠𝐴.
2) Tentukan nilai sinus, cosinus, tangen, secan, cosecan, dan cotangen untuk ∠𝑋 pada segitiga
dibawah ini.
X
3

Z 2

Penyelesaian: Y
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3. Masalah kontekstual yang berkaitan dengan rasio trigonometri pada segitiga siku-siku
Contoh:
Dua orang guru dengan tinggi badan yang sama yaitu 170 cm sedang berdiri memandang puncak
tiang bendera di sekolahnya. Guru pertama berdiri tepat 10 m di depan guru kedua. Jika sudut elevasi
guru pertama 60o dan guru kedua 30o. Tentukan tinggi tiang bendera.

Penyelesaian:

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
tan 60° = 𝐵𝐺 𝐵𝐺 = tan 60°

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
tan 30° = 𝐵𝐹 = 10+𝐵𝐺  𝐴𝐵 = (10 + 𝐵𝐺) × tan 30°

𝐴𝐵
 𝐴𝐵 = (10 + ) × tan 30°
tan 60°
10.tan 60°+ 𝐴𝐵
 𝐴𝐵 = ( ) × tan 30°
tan 60°
 𝐴𝐵. tan 60° = (10. tan 60° + 𝐴𝐵) × tan 30°
 𝐴𝐵. tan 60° = 10. tan 60°. tan 30° + 𝐴𝐵. tan 30°
 𝐴𝐵. tan 60° − 𝐴𝐵. tan 30° = 10. tan 60°. tan 30°
 𝐴𝐵 (tan 60° − tan 30°) = 10. tan 60°. tan 30°
10.tan 60°.tan 30°
 𝐴𝐵 =
tan 60°− tan 30°

Jadi tinggi tiang bendera adalah:

AC = AB + BC
10.tan 60°.tan 30°
AC = ( ) + 𝐵𝐶
tan 60°− tan 30°

1
10× √3× √3
3
=( 1 ) + 1,7
√3− 3√3

10
=2 + 1,7
3
√3

=(5√3 + 1,7)𝑚
Ayo Berlatih!

Pengamat A dengan tinggi 1,6 m melihat puncak pohon dengan sudut elevasi 300. Pengamat B
dengan tinggi 1,6 m melihat puncak pohon yang sama dengan sudut elevasi 450. Jika jarak kedua
pengamat tersebut 6 m, maka tinggi pohon tersebut adalah....

Penyelesaian.

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LATIHAN SOAL

1. Ubahlah sudut berikut ke bentuk derajat, rad, dan putaran:

𝟏 2
a. 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 b. 𝑟𝑎𝑑 c. 45°
𝟐 3
3
2. Segitiga KLM siku-siku di L, jika 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∠𝐾 = 5. Tentukan nilai perbandingan trigonometri yang
lain untuk ∠𝐾.
3. Andi dan Roni memiliki tinggi badan yang sama yaitu 165 cm sedang berdiri memandang sebuah
puncak menara. Andi berdiri tepat 10 m di depan Roni. Jika sudut elevasi Andi 60o dan Roni 30o.
Tentukan tinggi menara!

Penyelesaian:

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4. NILAI PERBANDINGAN TRIGONOMETRI DI BERBAGAI KUADRAN

Contoh:
a. Diketahui titik A (-12,5) dan ∠𝑋𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎. Tentukan nilai cos a dan tan a.
4
b. cos 𝜃 = − 5 dengan 90° < θ ≤ 180°, tentukan nilai sin 𝜃, tan 𝜃, dan cosec 𝜃

Penyelesaian:
a. Gambar
𝐴𝑂 = √𝐴𝑋 2 + 𝑋𝑂2
= √52 + (−12)2
= √25 + 144
= √169
= 13
12
cos 𝑎 = −
13
5
tan 𝑎 = −
12
b. Gambar
3
sin 𝑎 =
5
3
tan 𝑎 = −
4
5
cosec 𝑎 =
3

Ayo berlatih!
1) Tentukan nilai sin a, cos a, cosec a pada gambar di bawah ini.

8
2) Diberikan tan a = − 15 dengan cos a > 0, tentukan:
a. sin a
b. sec a
c. tan a

Penyelesaian:

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5. PERBANDINGAN TRIGINIMETRI UNTUK SUDUT BERELASI

Contoh:

Ayo berlatih!
1) Hitung nilai dari:
a. Sin 210o
b. Cos 570o
c. Tan 150o
d. Sin 300o
2) Tentukan 5 nilai perbandingan trigonometri yang lain untuk:
3 3𝜋
a. cos 𝛼 = 5 , < 𝛼 < 2𝜋
2
𝜋
b. tan 𝛼 = 1, 𝜋 < 𝛼 < 2
Penyelesaian:

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6. IDENTITAS TRIGONOMETRI
sin 𝑎
a. tan 𝑎 =
cos 𝑎
cos 𝑎
b. cotan 𝑎 = sin 𝑎
1
c. cosec 𝑎 = sin 𝑎
1
d. sec 𝑎 = cos 𝑎
e. sin𝟐 𝑎 + cos𝟐 𝑎 = 1
f. 1 + tan𝟐 𝑎 = sec 𝟐 𝑎
g. 1 + cotan𝟐 𝑎 = cosec 𝟐 𝑎

Contoh:

Ayo berlatih!

1) Sederhanakan!
1 1
a. + 1−cos x
1+cos x
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
b. tan 𝑥 − tan 𝑥
c. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2) Buktikan identitas trigonometri berikut.
a. cot x . tan x = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
b. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 1
1
c. 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥

Penyelesaian:
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7. ATURAN SINUS

Contoh:
Tentukan unsur-unsur yang lainnya pada segitiga ABC jika ∠𝐴 = 30°, ∠𝐵 = 70° dan a = 4!

Penyelesaian:

 ∠𝐶 = 180° − 30° − 70° = 80°

𝑏 4
 = sin 30°
sin 70°
4 × sin 70° 4 × (0,94) 3,76
𝑏= = = = 7,52
sin 30° 0,5 0,5
4 𝑐
 sin 30° = sin 70°
4 × sin 80° 4 × (0,98) 3,92
𝑐= = = = 7,98
sin 30° 0,5 0,5

Ayo berlatih!
a. Tentukan unsur-unsur yang lainnya pada segitiga ABC jika ∠𝐴 = 110°, ∠𝐶 = 20° dan b = 6!
1
b. Diketahui segitiga ABC dengan panjang sisi BC = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, dan sin A = 2. Tentukan
nilai:
1) Besar sudut B dan sudut C
2) Panjang sisi AB
3) Cos B
Penyelesaian:
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8. ATURAN COSINUS

Contoh:

Ayo berlatih!
1) Tentukan unsur-unsur yang lain jika:
a. a = 10, c = 15, dan ∠𝐵 = 120°
b. b = 7, c = 13, dan ∠𝐵 = 28°
c. a = 4, b = 5, dan c = 6
d. a = 7, b = 6, dan c =7
2) Sebuah segitiga ABC dengan panjang AB = 8cm, BC = 13cm, dan AC = 15cm. Q adalah sudut
yang terbentuk antara sisi AB dan AC. Maka nilai sin Q . tan Q adalah . ..

Penyelesaian:

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9. LUAS SEGITIGA
A. Luas Segitiga Dengan Besar Dua Sisi dan Satu Sudut Apit Diketahui

B. Luas Segitiga Dengan Dua Sudut dan Satu Sisi yang Terletak Diantara Kedua Sudut yang
Diketahui

C. Luas Segitiga dengan Ketiga Sisinya yang Diketahui

Ayo Berlatih!

1) Tentukan luas segitiga jika diketahui data berikut!

a. ∠𝐶 = 110°, a = 4,4 cm, dan b = 5,5 cm
b. ∠𝐵 = 68°, a = 12 cm, dan c = 8 cm
c. ∠𝐵 = 40°, ∠𝐵 = 60°, dan a = 5 cm
d. a = 3 cm, b = 6 cm, dan c = 7 cm
e. a = 4 cm, b = 5 cm, dan c = 6 cm
2) Diketahui ∆PQR dengan panjang p = 7cm, q = 8cm, dan r = 9cm. Tentukan luas ∆PQR !
3) Diketahui luas ∆PQR adalah 243 cm2. Jika panjang q = 27cm dan r = 36cm, maka berapa besar sudut P?

Penyelesaian:
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10. GRAFIK TRIGONOMETRI
a. Gambarlah grafik y = sin x untuk 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
Penyelesaian:
x 0 30 45 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Sin 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0
x √2 √3 √3 − − √3 − √3 −
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Nilai maksimum = 1 1
Amplitudo = 2 (1 − (−1)) = 1
Nilai minimum = -1
Periode = 2𝜋
b. Menggambar fungsi dengan amplitudo dan periode berbeda.

Contoh:
1) Gambarlah grafik y = 2 sin 2x
2) Gambarlah grafik y = 1 + sin x

Penyelesaian:
Ayo berlatih!
Gambarlah grafik:
a. y = 2 sin x c. y = - cos x
b. y = - sin x d. y = 3 + 2 cos x

Penyelesaian:
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