1.) What is Photoshop?

Adobe Photoshop is the predominant photo editing and manipulation software on the market.
Its uses range from the full-featured editing of large batches of photos to creating intricate digital
paintings and drawings that mimic those done by hand.

Photoshop is Adobe's photo editing, image creation and graphic design software.

The software provides many image editing features for raster (pixel-based) images as well as
vector graphics. It uses a layer-based editing system that enables image creation and altering
with multiple overlays that support transparency. Layers can also act as masks or filters, altering
underlying colors. Shadows and other effects can be added to the layers. Photoshop actions
include automation features to reduce the need for repetitive tasks. An option known as
Photoshop CC (Creative Cloud) allows users to work on content from any computer.

Photoshop been the industry standard image manipulation program for so long that its name
has become a verb: It is common parlance to say that an image has been “photoshopped” or even
just “shopped." Shopped, in this context, is synonymous with edited, manipulated or faked often
regardless of the software actually used.

Photoshop is a faster graphic editor developed and published by adobe system for Mac OS
and Windows. Open source alternatives to Photoshop include GIMP, a similar but free image
editor that works on Mac, Windows and Linux.
 2.) Brief history of Photoshop.

By 1987, John Knoll was working at Industrial Light and Magic - Lucasfilm's nascent special
effects division, founded for Star Wars - while Thomas was studying for his Ph.D. on image
processing at the University of Michigan. Having just bought a brand-new Apple Mac Plus to
help out with his thesis, he was dismayed to find it couldn't display greyscale images on the
monochrome monitor. So, in true hacker style, he set about writing his own code to do the job.
Thus the pair began to collaborate on a larger, more cohesive application, which they called -
Display. It wasn't long before John had bought a new colour Macintosh II and persuaded Thomas
to rewrite Display to work in colour. Indeed, the more John saw of Display, the more features he
began to ask for: gamma correction, loading and saving other file formats, and so on.

By 1988, Display had become Image-Pro and was sufficiently advanced that John thought
they might have a chance at selling it as a commercial application. Thomas was reluctant: he still
hadn't finished his thesis, and creating a full-blown app would take a lot of work. But once John
had checked out the competition, of which there was very little, they realised ImagePro was way
ahead of anything currently available.

Image-Pro could be used for rock card printing and linage-pro and many advanced features
for displaying images so in the year 1988. Knoll brothers started to sell image-Pro commercially
and for this purpose they rename image-Pro to “Photoshop”. The knoll brothers approached
many companies, but none of them were ready to purchase Photoshop in Sept.1988. A deal was
stuck between the knoll brothers and adobe. All the wholesale rights of Photoshop were
purchased by adobe.

The knoll brothers started working on their product and released the first version of
Photoshop 1.0 in 1990.
 3.) Tools and Function of Photoshop.

Move Tool
Moves selections, layers, and guides.

Marquee Tools
Makes rectangular, elliptical, single row and single column selections.

Lasso Tools
Makes free-hand, polygonal (straight-edged), and magnetic (snap-to) selections.

Quick Selection Tool

Let’s you quickly "paint" a selection using an adjustable round brush tip.

Magic Wand Tool

Selects similarly colored areas.

Crop Tool
Trim, straighten, and change the perspective of images.

Eyedropper Tool
Samples colors in an image.

3D Material Eyedropper Tool

Loads selected material from a 3D object.

Color Sampler Tool

Samples up to four areas of the image.

Ruler Tool
Measures distances, locations and angles.

Note Tool
Makes notes that can be attached to an image.

Count Tool
Counts objects in an image.

Slice Tool
Creates slices within an image.

Slice Select Tool

Selects slices.
Spot Healing Brush Tool
Quickly removes blemishes and imperfections from photographs with a uniform
background.

Healing Brush Tool

Paints with a sample or pattern to repair imperfections in an image.

Patch Tool
Repairs imperfections in a selected area of an image using a sample or pattern.

Content-Aware Move Tool

Recomposes and blends pixels to accommodate a moved object.

Red Eye Tool

Removes red-eye in flash photos with one click.

Brush Tool
Paints brush strokes.

Pencil Tool
Paints hard-edged strokes.

Color Replacement Tool

Substitutes one color for another.

Mixer Brush Tool

Blends sampled color with an existing color.

Clone Stamp Tool

Paints with a sample of an image.

Dodge Tool
Lightens areas in an image.

Burn Tool
Darkens areas in an image.

Sponge Tool
Changes the color saturation of an area.

Pen Tools
Draw smooth-edged paths.
Type tools
Create type on an image.

Type Mask Tools

Create a selection in the shape of type.

Path Selection Tools

Make shape or segment selections showing anchor points, direction lines, and
direction points.

Shape Tools and Line Tool

Draw shapes and lines in a normal layer or shape layer.

Custom Shape Tool

Makes customized shapes selected from a custom shape list.

Hand Tool
Moves an image within its window.

Rotate View Tool

Nondestructively rotates the canvas.

Zoom Tool
Magnifies and reduces the view of an image.

Pattern Stamp Tool

Paints with a part of an image as a pattern.

History Brush Tool

Paints a copy of the selected slate or snapshot into the current image window.

Art History Brush Tool

Paints stylized strokes that simulate the look of different paint styles, using a
selected state or snapshot.

Eraser Tool
Erases pixels and restores parts of an image to a previously saved state.

Background Eraser tool

Erases areas to transparency by dragging.
Magic Eraser Tool
Erases solid colored areas to transparency with a single click.

Gradient Tool
Creates straight-line, radial, angle, reflected, and diamond blends between colors.

Paint Bucket Tool

Fills similarly colored areas with the foreground color.

3D Material Drop Tool

Drops the material loaded in the tool onto the targeted area of a 3D object.

Blur Tool
Blurs hard edges in an image.

Sharpen Tool
Sharpens soft edges in an image.

Smudge Tool
Simulates the actions of dragging a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up
color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.
Work Area
-The work area includes the command menus at the top of your screen. The
window containing the image you are editing and variety of tools &palettes that let you
edit images & add elements such as masks, layers & channels,

Menu Bar
-A menu bar is a user interface elements that contains selectable commands and
options for a specific programs. Menu bars are located at the top of open windows.

Application Bar
-The application bar provides access to the bridge, navigation, functions and
windows viewing controls. Located to the right of the menu bar.

Document window
-Displays the file you’re working on. It can be tabbed, grouped & docked.

Workspace Panel
-Tool Selections/ Toolbar in toolbox
-contains tool for creating & editing images, artwork, page elements, and so on.
Related tools are grouped.

Dock and Undock Panel

-A collection of panel or panel groups displayed together, generally in vertical
orientation. You dock and undock by moving them into and out of a dock.

Adjustments Panel
-Option for applying colour and tonal adjustments to images are found in the
adjustment panel, displayed as icons in the top of the panel. These are placed on a
separate layer so that the image you’re working on isn’t altered. The bottom of the panel
contains preset adjustment settings.

Channel Panel
-The built in colour channels are displayed in the channels panel. It is used to save
and modify selections made in Photoshop document as well as to define.
Colour Panel
-Is used to create colours. The swatch at the left is current foreground colour and
the swatch beneath it is current background colour.

History Panel
-The history panel keeps a record of all the changes you make to your image as
your image as you’re editing. If not satisfied with the series of change you can use history
panel to restore image as it was. You can undo last action by Ctrl –Z

Layers Panel
-Layers panel is used to create, manipulate and modify layers. Layers can be
anything that Photoshop can create or import, separated from other element in an image.

Masks Panel
-Masks panel let you add vector or pixel masks to your image and to make
adjustment to the mask.

Path Panel
-Used to create, manipulate and modify paths which are covered in detail later
selections.

Style Panel
-Maintains a library or effects or textures that can be applied to layer or shape
simply by clicking on style.

Swatches Panel
-Contains a number of pre-selected colours to choose form. You can create own
swatches, as well as other colours sets. Photoshop includes a colour set of web-safe
swatches, which are 9 collections of colours that are supported across browsers.