CIVIL ENGINEER Licensure Examination

Sunday, November 20, 2005 08:00 a.m. – 01:00 p.m.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

Situation 1 – A train travelling at a constant speed of 75 kph and a car travelling at an initial speed
of 36 kph approaches point O as shown in the figure ME-36.

1. Which of the following most nearly gives the time for the train to reach the collision
point, in seconds.
A. 54 C. 32
B. 63 D. 48
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the acceleration of the car if it reached the
collision point 10 seconds ahead of the train, in m/s2.
A. 0.86 C. 0.93
B. 0.75 D. 0.62
3. Using the acceleration computed in part 2, which of the following most nearly gives the
velocity of the car at the collision points, in kph.
A. 145.7 C. 189.2
B. 153.5 D. 214.5

Situation 2 – A particle moving in a curvilinear motion is governed by the following conditions:

𝑣𝑥 = 40 – 15𝑡
𝑣𝑦 = 75.3𝑡 2

Where vx and vy are in m/s and t is time in seconds and when t = 0, x = 0

4. Which of the following most nearly gives the time when x = 0 for the second time.
A. 6.14 sec C. 5.33 sec
B. 3.58 sec D. 4.52 sec
5. Which of the following most nearly gives the velocity of the particle when x = 0 for the
second time in m/s.
A. 36.87 C. 51.23
B. 45.21 D. 63.85
6. Which of the following most nearly gives the acceleration of the particle when x = 0 for
the second time, in m/s2.
A. -16.16 C. -13.54
B. -15.85 D. -11.45

Situation 3 – The beam shown in the figure ME57 carries a uniformly varying load and a
concentrated load.

7. Which of the following nearly gives the reaction at B, in KiloNewtons.

A. 38.7 C. 58.9
B. 42.6 D. 46.5
8. Which of the following most nearly gives the location of the point of inflection from A,
in meters.
A. 3.24 C. 3.61
B. 1.96 D. 2.39
9. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum positive bending moment on the
beam, in KiloNewton-Meter.
A. 40 C. 15.8
B. 13.8 D. 12.2

Situation 4 – The bridge truss shown in figure ME-69 is to carry a uniform load 2 kN/m and a
concentrated load of 20 kN. It is required to determine the influence line for axial force on
member BG.

10. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum ordinate of the influence line for
axial force on member BG.
A. 0.707 C. 0.653
B. 0.354 D. 9.9
11. Which of the following most nearly give the maximum tensile stress on member BG, in
KiloNewton.
A. 12.7 C. 8.4
 B. 6.3 D. 9.9
12. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum compressive stress on member
BG, in KiloNewton.
A. 21.8 C. 25.5
B. 18.6 D. 32.2

Situation 5 – A W21 x 147 beam is reinforced with two 300 mm x 12mm cover plates attached to
the top and bottom flanges by 2 rows of 20 mm rivets. The beam is simply supported over a span
of 6 m and carries a uniformly distributed load of 270 kN/m including its own weight. The shear
capacity of each rivet is 30 kN. The prooerties of W shape relevant to this problem are as follows:

d = 560 mm
l = 0.00151 m4

The spacing or pitch of rivets is given as:

𝑅𝐼
𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ, 𝑠 =
𝑉𝐴𝑦

Where R is the capacity of the rivet group, I is the moment of inertia of the composite section
about N.A, V is the shear force at the point where pitch is required, and y is the distance from N.A
to the centroid of the cover plate.

13. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance from the centroid of the cover
plate to the N.A of the W section, in millimetres.
A. 280 C. 283
B. 286 D. 292
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment of inertia of the built up section in
m4.
A. 0.0028 C. 0.0054
B. 0.0018 D. 0.0021
15. Which of the following most nearly gives the longitudinal pitch of the rivets in
millimetres.
A. 214 C. 168
B. 172 D. 151
16. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the neutral axis from the top of
the beam such that the strain in concrete ε = 0.003 will be attained at the same time with
the yield strength of steel εs.
A. 318 mm C. 273 mm
B. 187 mm D. 232 mm
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the total compressive force on concrete, in
KiloNewtons.
A. 1842 C. 1781
B. 1655 D. 2562
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the balanced steel ratio, in percent
A. 3.65 C. 3.70
B. 4.93 D. 5.42

Situation 7 – A reinforced concrete beam having a simple span of 4.5 m is used to carry a service
dead load of 20 kN/m and a service live load of 35 kN/m throughout its entire length. Steel
protective covering 75 mm from the centroid of steel group. Concrete compressive strength is 28
MPa and steel yield strength is 415 MPa.

19. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment due to the factored load,
in kN-m
A. 205 C. 238
B. 252 D. 222
20. Which of the following most nearly gives the least beam dimension using the maximum
allowable reinforcement ratio.
A. 250 mm x 445 mm C. 225 mm x 450 mm
B. 200 mm x 450 mm D. 250 mm x 460 mm
21. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum steel area using the dimensions
obtained in part 2, in mm2.
A. 1800 C. 2000
B. 2600 D. 2200
Situation 8 – A cantilever beam having a 4 m span carries a uniformly distributed load throughout
its length. The beam is A36 Steel with yield strength Fy = 248 MegaPascals. The beam is not
restrained against lateral buckling. The provisions of the 1992 National Structural Code of the
Philippines relevant to this problem are given in Figure ST-64. The beam is a W 21 x 62 steel
shape, whose relevant properties for this problem are:

R = 0.053 meters
d = 0.533 meters
bf = 0.210 meters
tf = 0.016 meters
S = 0.002077 meters3

22. Which of the following most nearly gives the slenderness ratio, below which the beam is
long with respect to lateral buckling.
A. 75.5 C. 53.2
B. 119 D. 154
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable flexural stress in the compression
flange according to equation 4.5-6a of equation 4.5-6b, as applicable.
A. 149 MPa C. 124 MPa
B. 162 MPa D. 132 MPa
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum value of the moment at fixed
support, kiloNewton-meters:
A. 286 C. 251
B. 274 D. 215

Situation 9 – A project requires 2000 cubic meters on concrete. The following equipment and
labor with their corresponding cost are known:

Pump rental ……………………….. P500.00/hr

Pump capacity …………………….. 100 m3/day
Pump operating hours …………….. 8 hrs/day
1 Pump operator …………………... P50.00/hr
2 Masons ………………………….. P45.00/hr
4 Carpenters ………………………. P40.00/hr
6 Helpers ………………………….. P35.00/hr

25. Which of the following most nearly gives the required number of hours to complete the
project.
A. 80 C. 160
B. 320 D. 20
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the total cost of the project in pesos.
A. 168,200 C. 158,500
B. 172,300 D. 161,600
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the unit cost (per cubic meter) of the project, in
pesos.
A. 96.30 C. 58.50
B. 108.40 D. 80.80

Situation 10 – The implementing rules and regulation of P.D. 1594 states that no award of contract
shall be made to a bidder whose bid price is higher than the allowable government estimate (AGE)
or the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE), whichever is higher, or lower than 70% of the AGE.
The allowable government estimate (AGE) is defined as one half sum of the AAE and the average
of all responsive bids. For the purposes if determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher
than 120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered.

A certain project has an AAE of P2 million pesos. The bidders are as follows:

Bidder A …….. P 2.18 million Bidder E …….. P 2.65 million

Bidder B …….. P 1.23 million Bidder F …….. P 2.24 million
Bidder C …….. P 1.85 million Bidder G …….. P 1.17 million
Bidder D …….. P 2.34 million Bidder H …….. P 2.40 million

28. Which of the following gives the complete list of responsive bidders.
A. A, B, D, E F, H C. A, B, C, D, F, H
B. A, B, C, D, F, G, H D. A, B, D, F, H
29. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the average of the responsive
bidders, in million pesos.
 A. 2.04 C. 2.02
B. 2.14 D. 2.32
30. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of the allowable government
estimate, in million pesos.
A. 2.02 C. 2.24
B. 2.04 D. 2.32

Figure ST-64

Section 4.5.1.4.5 of the 1992 NSCP gives the allowable stresses, in MegaPascals, for beams not
restrained against lateral buckling as follows:

1. Tension:

Fb = 0.6 Fy

2. Compression:

The larger value computed by Formula (4.5-6a) or (4.5-6b) and (4.5-7), as

applicable, but not more than 0.60Fy

703,000𝐶𝑏 𝐿 3,520,000𝐶𝑏
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 √ ≤ ≤ √
𝐹𝑦 𝑅 𝐹𝑌

𝐿 2
2 𝐹𝑦 (𝑅)
𝐹𝑏 = [ − ] 𝐹𝑦 (4.5-6a)
3 10.55 𝑥 106 𝐶𝑏

𝐿 3,520,000𝐶𝑏
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 ≥ √
𝑅 𝐹𝑌

1,170,000𝐶𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐿 2
(4.5-6b)
( )
𝑅

Or, when the compression flange is solid and approximately rectangular in cross-section and its
area is not less than that of the tension flange:
83,000𝐶𝑏
𝐹𝑏 =
𝐼𝑑
𝑏𝑓 𝑡𝑓

Where:

Cb = 1.75 + 1.05(M1/M2) + 0.30(M1/M2)2 but not more than 2.3, where M1 is the smaller
and M2 is the larger bending moments at the ends of the unbraced length, taken about the strong
axis of the member, and where M1/M2 the ratio of the end moments is positive when M1 and M2
have the same sign, (reverse curvature bending) and negative when they are of opposite signs
(single curvature bending). When the bending moment at any point within an unbraced length is
larger than that at both ends od this length, The value of Cb may conservatively taken as unity for
cantilever beams.

R = radius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression
web area, taken about an axis in the plane of the web.
d = depth of beam
bf = width of flange
tf = Thickness of flange
Solutions to November 2005 Examination

 Situation 1 (1 to 3)

Part 1:

S = vt
1000 = 20.833t
t = 48 seconds

Part 2:

t = 48 -10 = 38 sec
S = vot + ½ at2
1000 = 10(38) + ½ a (38)2
a = 0.8587 m/s2

Part 3:

v = vo + at
v = 10 + 0.8587(38)
v = 42.6316 m/s
v = 153.47 kph

 Situation 2 (4 to 6)

Part 1:
𝑑𝑥
𝑣= = 40 − 15𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥 = (40 − 15𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑡
∫0 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 (40 − 15𝑡)𝑑𝑡

𝑥 = 40𝑡 − 7.5𝑡 2 ➔ Eq. (1)

When x = 0: 0 = 40t -7.5t2

t = 0 & t = 5.33 seconds

Part 2:

y = 75 – 3t2; vy = dy/dt = -6t

When t = 5.33 sec; vx = 40 – 15(5.33) = - 40 m/s

vy = -6(5.33) = -32 m/s

[𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 2 ] [𝑣 = √(−40)2 + (−32)2 ]

v = 51.225 m/s

Part 3:

vx = 40-15t

ax = dvx/dt = -15 m/s2

vy = -6t

ay = dy/dt = -6m/s2

[𝑎 = √𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑦 2 ]

𝑎 = ±√(−15)2 + (−6)2

a = -16.155 m/s2
 Situation3 (7 to 9)

∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

1 6
6𝑅𝐵 = 20(8) + (6)(12) ( )
2 3
𝑅𝐵 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵
𝑦 12
= ; 𝑦 = 2𝑥
𝑥 6
1 𝑥
𝑀𝐸 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 38.67(𝑥) − 20(2 + 𝑥) − (𝑥)(𝑦)( )
2 3
1 𝑥
𝑀𝐸 = 38.67𝑥 − 40 − 20𝑥 − (𝑥)(2𝑥)( )
2 3
𝑥3
𝑀𝐸 = 18.67𝑥 − 40 −
3
Point of inflection from A (point of zero moment):
𝑥3
𝑀𝐸 = 18.67𝑥 − 40 − =0
3

Using the calculator, x = 2.39 m

a = 6 –x = 3.61 m

Maximum moment:

𝑥3
𝑀𝐸 = 18.67𝑥 − 40 −
3
𝑑𝑀𝐸
= 18.67𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0; 𝑥 = 4.3209 𝑚
𝑑𝑥
(4.3209)3
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 18.67(4.3209) − 40 −
3
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

 Situation 4 (10 to 12)

Unit load at A: Unit load at B:

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 0 0.75 + 𝐹𝐵𝐺 𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 1

𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 0.3536 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

Unit load at C:

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

0.5 = 𝐹𝐵𝐺 𝑠𝑖𝑛45°

𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 0.7071 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

When the unit load is at E, RA = 0 and thus FBG = 0.

 𝑥 6
= ; 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒎
0.3536 0.3536 + 0.7071

Part 2:

The maximum tensile force on BG occurs when the concentrated load is at B

(being the highest ordinate in tension) and the uniform load in within AJ. (See Fig. A
above)

Maximum tensile force:

1
𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 20(0.3536) + 2[ (8)(0.3536)]
2

𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 𝟗. 𝟗 𝒌𝑵

Part 3:

The maximum compressive forge on BG occurs when the concentrated load is at

C (being the highest ordinate in compression) and the uniform load within JE. (See Fig. B
above)

Maximum compressive force:

1
𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 20(0.7071) + 2[ (8)(0.7071)]
2
𝐹𝐵𝐺 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵

 Situation 5 (13 to 15)

Part 1:

Distance from N.A to the centroid of the cover plate = 286 mm

Part 2:
300(12)3
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 0.00151 × 10004 + 2[ + (300 × 12)(286)2 ]
12

𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 2,099,017,600 𝑚𝑚4 = 2,099 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 0.0021 𝑚4

Part 3:
𝐼𝑅
Pitch, 𝑠 =
𝑉𝐴𝑦

𝐼𝑅
𝑠=
𝑉𝐴𝑦

𝑅 = 30 𝑘𝑁 × 2 = 60,000 𝑁

𝐴 = 300 × 12 = 3600 𝑚𝑚2

 𝑤𝐿
𝑉 = 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
2

270(6)
𝑉= = 810 𝑘𝑁
2

2.099×106 (30,000×2)
Pitch, 𝑠 =
810,000(300×12)(286)

Pitch, 𝑠 = 𝟏𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎

 Situation 6 (16 to 18)

The conditions stated in this situation deals with balanced condition, where
concrete and steel strains are reached simultaneously.

0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝛽1 600 0.85(28)(0.85)(600)

Balanced rho, 𝜌𝑏 = =
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦 ) 280(600+280)
Balanced rho, 𝜌𝑏 = 0.04926 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐𝟔%

[C = T] 0.85f’c a b = As fy
0.85(28)(a)(300) = 5,911(280)
a = 231.8

C = 0.85(28)(231.8)(300) = 1,655,052 N
C = 1,655 kN

[𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐] 231.8 = 0.85c
c = 272.71 mm

 Situation 7 (19 to 21)

𝜔𝑢 = 1.4𝜔𝐷 + 1.7𝜔𝐿 = 1.4(20) + 1.7(35)

𝑘𝑁
𝜔𝑢 = 87.5
𝑚

𝜔𝑢 𝑙2 87.5(4.5)2
𝑀𝑢 = ] 𝑀𝑢 =
8 8
𝑀𝑢 = 221.484 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ➔ Part (1)

0.85𝑓′𝑐𝛽1 600
[𝜌𝑏 = ]
𝑓𝑦 (600+𝑓𝑦 )

0.85(0.85)(28)(600)
𝜌𝑏 = = 0.028816
415(600+415)

[𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏 ] 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75(0.028816)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.021612

𝜌𝑓𝑦 0.021612(415)
[𝜔 = ] 𝜔=
𝑓′𝑐 28

𝜔 = 0.3203

[𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝜔𝑏𝑑 2 ]
221.484 × 106 = 0.90(28)(0.3203)𝑏𝑑 2 [1 − 0.59(0.3203)]

𝑏𝑑 2 = 33,833,872 𝑚𝑚3
 Using the dimensions in the choices, from smallest to largest:

Choice B:

b = 200 mm. d = 450 – 75 = 375 mm

bd2 = 28,125,000 < 33,833, 872 (not OK)

Choice C:

b = 225 mm. d = 450 – 75 = 375 mm

bd2 = 31,640,625 < 33,833, 872 (not OK)

Choice A:

b = 250 mm. d = 445 – 75 = 370 mm

bd2 = 34,225,000 < 33,833, 872 (OK)

Thus, use 250 mm x 445 mm beam ➔ Part (2)

[𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑] 𝐴𝑠 = 0.021612(250)(370)

𝐴𝑠 = 1999 𝑚𝑚2 ➔ Part (3)

 Situation 8 (22 to 24)

𝐿 4
= = 75.47
𝑅 0.063
𝐶𝑏 = 1 (𝐶𝑏 may conservatively be taken as a unity for cantilever
beams)

703,000𝐶𝑏 703,000(1)
√ =√ = 119.13
𝐹𝑦 248

Part 1:

Slenderness ratio, above which the beam is long with respect to lateral buckling:

3,520,000(1)
𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = √ = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟑
248

Part 2:

703,000𝐶𝑏 𝐿 3,520,000𝐶𝑏
Since √ < <√ and the compression flange is solid and
𝐹𝑦 𝑅 𝐹𝑦

approximately rectangular in cross-section and its area is not less than that of the tension flange, Fb
is the value (4.5-6a) and (4.5-7) but not greater than 0.6Fy.

Eq. (4.5-6a)
𝐿 2
2 𝐹𝑦 (𝑟) 2 248(75.47)2
𝐹𝑏 = [ − ] 𝐹𝑦 = [ − ] 248
3 10.55×106𝐶𝑏 3 10.55×106 (1)
 Eq. (4.5-7)
83,000𝐶𝑏 83,000(1)
𝐹𝑏 = 𝑙𝑑 = 4(0.533) = 𝟏𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑏𝑓 𝑡𝑓 (0.21)(0.016)

0.6𝐹𝑦 = 0.6(248)

0.6𝐹𝑦 = 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Therefore, Fb = 132.13 MPa

Part 3, maximum moment at fixed support:

Allowable bending stress:

In tension:

Fb = 0.6 Fy = 148.8

In compression:

Fb = 132.13 MPa

Use Fb = 132.13 MPa

𝑀 𝑀
[𝑓𝑏 = ] 132.13 =
𝑆 0.002077×10003

𝑀 = 274,434,010 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

𝑀 = 274.43 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

 Situation 9 (25 to 27)

Part 1:
2000
Number of working days = = 20 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
100

Number of working hours 20 × 8 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔

Part 2:

Cost of project:

Hourly cost, Ch = 500 + 50 + 45 x 2 +40 x 4 +30 x 6

Hourly cost, Ch = P 1,010 per hour

Total cost = P 1,010(160) = P 161,600

Part 3:

Unit cost = P 161,600/2,000 = P 80.80/m3

 Situation 10 (28 to 30)

Part 1:

For the purposes of determining the average of responsive bids, bids higher than
120% of the AAE or lower than 60% of the AAE shall not be considered.

120% of AAE = 120%(2M) = P2.4M

60% of AAE = 60%(2M) = P1.2M

By inspection, the responsive bidders are: A, B, C, D, F, & H

Part 2:

Average = (2.18 + 1.23 + 1.85 + 2.34 + 2.24 +2.40)/6

Average = P 2.04 Million

Part 3:

AGE = ½ (AAE + Average)

AGE = ½ (2 + 2.04) = P 2.02 Million