Empat Komponen dari

Siklus Refrigerasi dan Cara

kerjanya

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WBT JP0024-1
 Daftar Isi

1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus

refrigerasi
2. Empat komponen siklus refrigerasi
2-1. Evaporator
2-2. Kompresor
2-3. Kondenser
2-4. Katup Ekspansi
3. Kuantitas panas dalam kaitannya dengan siklus
refrigerasi
4. Superheat dan subcool
5. Ringkasan

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WBT JP0024-1
 1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus refrigerasi

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WBT JP0024-1
 1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus refrigerasi

Closed Open

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WBT JP0024-1
 1. Bagaimana ruangan dapat dingin dan siklus refrigerasi

Indoor unit Outdoor unit

Evaporator Kondenser
Kompresor

Katup
Ekspansi
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WBT JP0024-1
 2-1. Evaporator

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WBT JP0024-1
 2-2. Kompresor

Temperatur rendah,  Temperatur tinggi,

tekanan rendah  Tekanan tinggi

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WBT JP0024-1
 2-3. Kondenser

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WBT JP0024-1
 2-4. Katup Ekspansi

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WBT JP0024-1
 Posisi dari keempat komponen
Evaporator Kompresor Kondenser

Katup
Ekspansi

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WBT JP0024-1
 3. Kuantitas panas dalam kaitannya dengan siklus refrigerasi

Evaporator Kompresor Kondenser

Heat

+ = Heat

qe qc
w

qe+w=qc

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WBT JP0024-1
 4. Superheat dan subcool
Evaporator Superheat (SH) Kondenser

Kompresor

Katup
Ekspansi

Subcool (SC)
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WBT JP0024-1
 Ringkasan
Evaporator Kompresor Kondenser

qe qc
w

Katup
ekspansi
Fasa
Komponen Tekanan Temperatur Peranan (fungsi)
refrigeran

Tekanan Rendah Temperatur Rendah. Menyerap kalor ,

Evaporator Liquid  Gas
(konstan) (Virtually constant) evaporasi(qe)

Tekanan Rendah Temperatur rendah. Menekan Refrigeran dengan

Kompresor Gas
 Tekanan tinggi  Temperatur tinggi beban kerja kompresi (w)

Tekanan Tinggi Temperatur tinggi Melepas kalor, kondensasi

Kondenser Gas  Liquid
(Konstan) (Virtually constant) (qc)

Tekanan tinggi Temperatur tinggi MenurunkanTekanan

Katup Ekspansi Liquid
Tekanan rendah  Temperatur rendah Refrigeran

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WBT JP0024-1
 Komponen Utama selain
4 Komponen Dasar dari Siklus Refrigerasi

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WBT JP0024-1
 Komponen Utama selain 4 Komponen Dasar

(1)

(7)
4 komponen dasar dari siklus refrigerasi
A
A Kompresor
B Kondenser
C Expansion valve
D B
D Evaporator (6)

Komponen utama selain 4 komponen dasar dari siklus

refrigerasi (5)
1 Muffler
2 Liquid receiver
3 Filter
4 Liquid sub-cool heat exchanger
C (4) (3) (2)
5 Solenoid valve
6 Injection capillary tube
Low-temperature, Low-temperature, High-temperature, High-temperature,
7 Accumulator low-pressure liquid low-pressure gas high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

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WBT JP0024-1
 Komponen Elektrikal yang Utama
pada Air Conditioner

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WBT JP0024-1
 Komponen Kelistrikan yang Utama pada Air
Conditioner

Four-way valve
Fan motor

PCB

Electronic Expansion
Valve
Kompresor

Solenoid valve
Crankcase heater

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WBT JP0024-1
 Komponen Elektronik yang Utama
pada Air Conditioner

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WBT JP0024-1
 1. Komponen Elektronik yang Utama Dilihat di Wiring Diagram

2) Lamps

2) Lamp
3) Diode bridge 5) Pressure
sensor
3) Diode bridge
1) Thermistors
4) Power module

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WBT JP0024-1
 2.Simbol, Tampilan, dan Fungsi dari Komponen Elektronik yang Utama

No. Komponen Simbol Tampilan Fungsi

Ketika temperatur berubah, nilai resistansinya pun
berubah. Thermistor digunakan untuk mendeteksi
1 Thermistor temperatur dari berbagai komponen, data ini digunakan
untuk mengontrol AC.

Pilot lamp Sebuah perangkat semikonduktor LED mengubah sinyal

listrik menjadi sinyal caaya dan digunakan dalam lampu
2 Lampu (LED) untuk menunjukkan berbagai status dari AC termasuk
Flashing
pengaturan, modus operasi, dan malfungsi.
lamp

Sebuah diode bridge mengubah tegangan dari AC ke

3 Diode bridge tegangan DC, yang digunakan dalam AC inverter ini dan
sirkuit elektronik.

Power Power module digunakan untuk mengkonversi tegangan

4 DC menjadi tegangan AC. Ini terdiri dari beberapa
module transistor dan digunakan pada kontrol AC inverter .

Pressure Sebuah sensor tekanan mendeteksi tekanan refrigeran,

5 S□NPH(L) data ini digunakan untuk mengontrol AC.
sensor

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WBT JP0024-1
 3. Thermistor
[Fungsi]
Thermistor mendeteksi suhu dari berbagai komponen AC, dan data itu digunakan
untuk mengontrol AC.

[Tampilan] [Struktur]
A Chip thermistor Sensor case Cable
Pole (B)

For For For

outdoor air heat exchange suction pipe Pole (A)
Flexible epoxy resin
Epoxy resin
B C

Wiring diagram outdoor unit

For fins For
discharge pipe

[Simbol]
R□T
* Nomor diperlihatkan dalam kotak (□). Thermistor

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WBT JP0024-1
 4. Pressure Sensor
[Fungsi] Mendeteksi tekanan refrigeran dan digunakan dalam
mengontrol AC
[Tampilan] [Struktur]

№ Parts № Parts
1 Joint 9 Butyl rubber
2 Cap 10 Wiring material
3 P cover 11 Contact pin
4 Diaphragm 12 Sensor
5 Oil 13 Clinching
Pressure-
6 sensitive element 14 Connector

7 Header 15 Glue
8 Pipe 16 Cable

[Simbol] Refrigerant inlet Outdoor unit

wiring diagram
S□NPH High pressure sensor
S□NPL Low pressure sensor
Pressure sensor
* A number is shown in the box (□).

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WBT JP0024-1
 4. Pressure Sensor
Outdoor unit
[Lokasi Instalasi 1]
Electronic expansion valve
Selama cooling Heat
Selama heating exchanger
Low pressure
section
Four-way valve
Pressure sensor High pressure

Distribution pipe
section

High pressure
switch

Liquid pipe Compressor

Gas pipe

Stop valve
Accumulator During heating
During cooling

Diagram pemipaan refrigeran

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WBT JP0024-1
 Safety Devices Utama dari Siklus
Refrigerasi

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WBT JP0024-1
 Safety Device Utama dari Siklus Refrigerasi
A
2 1

D B

4 komponen dasar dari siklus refrigerasi

3
A Kompresor
B Kondenser
4 5 6
C Expansion valve
D Evaporator

Safety device utama dari siklus refrigerasi

1 High pressure switch

2 Low pressure switch

3 Fusible plug

4 Reverse phase protector

5 Compressor overheat protection device

6 Overcurrent relay

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WBT JP0024-1
 Ketentuan Operasi
Standard

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WBT JP0024-1
 Bahasan

1. Ketentuan standar operasional (Cooling)

2. Point dan metode pengukuran
Pengukuran di indoor unit
3. Point dan metode pengukuran
Pengukuran di outdoor unit
4. Standard Operasi (Cooling)

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WBT JP0024-1
 Kondisi Operasi Standard (Cooling)
Kondisi suhu panas
sebagaimana ditentukan dalam
JISB8615-1

Outdoor ３５℃DB
air
２４℃WB [Indoor unit]
Panas

Indoor
Udara dingin

２７℃DB [Outdoor unit]

１９℃WB
Udara Panas

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WBT JP0024-1
 Kondisi Operasi Standard (Cooling)
[Air-cooled R410A]

Evaporator Condenser

[Indoor unit]
Compressor [Outdoor
unit]
Panas
３５℃DB
２４℃WB
Expansion
valve

Indoor Low-temp. Low-temp. High-temp. High-temp.

low-pressure liquid low-pressure gas high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas
Udara dingin

２７℃DB Udara Panas

１９℃WB

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WBT JP0024-1
 Kondisi Operasi Standar (Cooling)
[Air-cooled R410A]

Evaporator Condenser
④ ③ ５

① １

② ２ [Outdoor unit]
[Indoor unit]
Compressor
６
⑤ ７

３
⑥

1) Low pressure
2) Evaporation temp.
(Berdasarkan kurva saturasi)
3) Suction gas temp.
4) Superheat temp.
[Perhitungan = (3) – (2)]
low-pressure liquid
5) Room temp. (Suction temp.)
6) Discharge temp.
Expansion ４
valve
１ High-temp. high-pressure gas
２ Condensation temp.(Berdasarkan kurva saturasi)
３ Expansion valve inlet temp.
Low-temp. Low-temp. High-temp. High-temp.
low-pressure gas high-pressure liquid ４ Subcool temp. = ２ － ３
high-pressure gas
５ Discharge gas temp.
６ Outdoor temp. (Suction temp.)
７ Discharge temp.

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WBT JP0024-1
 Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
(1) Pengukuran tingkat tekanan rendah
Outdoor unit
Indoor unit
[Cooling] Manifold Gauge

Room temperature: 27C

Pasang manifold gauge ke unit outdoor

dan baca nilai pada pengukur tekanan Low pressure
rendah poin pengukuran
Low pressure
gauge

(1) Low pressure level :

0.84 MPa
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WBT JP0024-1
 Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
(2) Cara menentukan temperatur evaporator
Mendapatkan temperatur penguapan pada kurva
saturasi untuk R410A, mengunakan tekanan
rendah, diukur dengan pengukur tekanan rendah. Low pressure gauge

Indoor unit Evaporator

Kurva saturasi untuk R410A
(Tekanan)
(1)Low pressure level:
0.84 MPa
(2)Evaporation temp.: 5C

(1) Low
pressure
level :
0.84 MPa

Low-temp. Low-temp.
(2) Evaporation temperature 5C (Temp.) low-pressure liquid low-pressure gas

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WBT JP0024-1
 Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
(3) Mengukur temperatur suction gas
Outdoor unit
Indoor unit
[Cooling]
Pipa gas suction

Room temperature: 27C

Mengukur temperatur permukaan pipa Permukaan

gas suction unit outdoor. Ini dapat pengukur
temperatur
dianggap sebagai suhu gas suction

(3) Temperatur gas suction: 11C

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WBT JP0024-1
 Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
(4) Cara menentukan temperatur superheat
Indoor unit (3) Suction gas temp.: 11C

(4) Superheat temp. =

(3) Suction gas temp. – (2) Evaporation temp.

(2) Evaporation temp.: 5C

Superheat temp.: 6C = １１℃ － ５℃ Evaporator

(2) Evaporation temp.

(3) Suction gas temp.

Low-temp. Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid low-pressure gas

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WBT JP0024-1
 Poin Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran di Indoor Unit
(6) Pengukuran temperatur discharge
Indoor unit Evaporator
Indoor unit [Cooling]

Temperature ruangan
[(5)Suction temp.: 27C）]

(5) Suction temp.:

Digital thermometer 27C

(6) Discharge temp.:

12C
(6) Temperatur discharge : 12C

Low-temp. Low-temp.
Bagaimana mengukur suhu discharge low-pressure liquid low-pressure gas

1. Set aliran udara selama operasi cooling

2. Ukur suhu15 Menit setelah beroperasi
3. Bagilah permukaan debit udara yang sama,
Perbedaan temperatur udara dalam ruangan = (5) Suction temp. – (6) Discharge temp.
mengukur pada titik yang berbeda dibagi
sepanjang permukaan dan menghitung nilai 15℃ ＝ 27℃ － 12℃
rata-rata.

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WBT JP0024-1
 Kondisi Operasi Setandar (Indoor unit)
[Air-cooled R410A]

Evaporator Condenser
(4) (3)

(1)
(2)
Indoor unit
Compressor
Outdoor unit
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid (5)
High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
Low-temp. (6)
low-pressure gas
Expansion valve
High-temp
high-pressure gas
(1) Low pressure 0.84 MPa
(2) Evaporation temperature (Berdasarkan kurva saturasi) 5C
(3) Suction gas temperature 11C
(4) Superheat temperature [Penghitungan = (3) – (2)] 6C
(5) Room temperature (Suction temperature) 27C
(6) Discharge temperature 12C
Perbedaan temp. udara ruangan [Calculation = (5) – (6)] 15C

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(1) Pengukuran tekanan tinggi
Outdoor unit High pressure
measuring point
Indoor unit
[Cooling] Manifold gauge

Temperatur ruangan: 27C

Temperatur
Outdoor : 35C

Pasang manifold gauge ke unit outdoor

dan baca nilai pada alat pengukuran
tekanan tinggi.
High pressure
gauge

(1) Tingkat tekanan tinggi: 3.0 MPa

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(2) Bagaimana menentukan temperatur kondensasi
Mendapatkan temperatur penguapan pada kurva
saturasi untuk R410A, tekanan tinggi, diukur
High pressure gauge
dengan manifold gauge.
(1) High pressure level : 3.0 MPa
(2) Condensation temp.: 50 C
Outdoor unit
Kurva saturasi untuk R410A
(Pressure)

(1) High pressure

level : 3.0 MPa
Condenser
Compressor

Expansion valve

(2) Temperatur condenser : 50C (Temp.) High-temp. High-temp.

high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(3) Pengukuran temperatur inlet katup ekpansi
Outdoor unit Outdoor unit
Condenser
Expansion valve

Compressor

Expansion valve

Surface thermometer
High-temp. High-temp.
high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

Mengukur suhu permukaan pipa inlet (3) Temperature pipa inlet expansi: 45C
katup ekpansi

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(4) Cara menentukan temperatur subcool (2) Tep. condenser.: 50C
Outdoor unit
Condenser

(4) Subcool temp. =

(2) Temp. condenser – (3) Temp inlet expansi valve.

Compressor

Temp. subcool.: 5C = 50℃ － 45℃

3) Temp. expansi valve.

Expansion
valve
High-temp. High-temp.
(2) Temp. condenser. high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

(3) Temp. inlet expansi valve.: 45C

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(5) Pengukuran temperatur gas discharge
5) Temp. gas discharge.:
100C
Outdoor unit Outdoor unit
Condenser
Discharge pipe

Four-way valve

Compressor

Compressor

Expansion
valve
High-temp. High-temp.
high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

Mengukur temperatur permukaan pipa discharge kompresor.

(Hati-hati ketika mengukur karena pipa panas selama beroperasi.)

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WBT JP0024-1
 Point Pengukuran dan Metode
Pengukuran (Outdoor Unit)
(7) Pengukuran temperatur discharge
Outdoor unit Outdoor unit
Condenser

(6) Temp. Outdoor.:

35C (Suction temp.)

Compressor
(7) Temp. discharge.:
50C (6) Tep.outdoor.:
(7) Temp. discharge.:
35C
50 C

Expansion
valve

High-temp. High-temp.
high-pressure liquid high-pressure gas

Perbedaan temp. udara outdoor = (7) Temp. discharge. – (6) Temp. suction. (temp. outdoor.)

１５℃ ＝ ５０℃ － 35℃

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WBT JP0024-1
 Standard Operasi (Cooling)
[Air-cooled R410A]
Evaporator Condenser
(4) (3) ５

(1) １
(2) ２
Indoor unit
Outdoor unit
Compressor
Low-temp.
low-pressure liquid
⑤ ６ High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
(6) ４ ７
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
High-temp.
high-pressure gas
Expansion
valve ３

(1) Low pressure 0.84 MPa １ High pressure 3MPa

Condensation temperature
(2)
Evaporation temperature
5C ２ (Based on the saturation curve) 50℃
(Based on the saturation curve)
３ Expansion valve inlet temperature 45℃
(3) Suction gas temperature 11C
４ Subcool temperature (Calculation = ２ – ３ ) 5℃
(4) Superheat temperature [Calculation = (3) – (2)] 6C
(5) Room temperature (Suction temperature) 27C ５ Discharge gas temperature 100℃
(6) Discharge temperature 12C ６ Outdoor temperature (Suction temperature) 35℃
Indoor air temperature difference
[Calculation = (5) – (6)]
15C ７ Discharge temperature 50℃

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Outdoor air temperature difference
15℃
(Calculation = ７ – ６ )

WBT JP0024-1
 Ketentuan Operas Cooling [Air-cooled R410A]
Suction gas temp.
Superheat temp. Discharge gas temp.
Indoor unit Evaporator 3～16 ℃ Condenser Outdoor unit
3～8 ℃ 70～115 ℃

Temp. Outdoor Udara panas

Udara dingin
ruangan. air
Compressor

Low-temp.
D
low-pressure liquid
A Liquid temp.
Expansion 36～52 ℃ C
B valve High-temp.
high-pressure liquid
Low-temp.
low-pressure gas
Temp subcool 5±2℃
High-temp.
high-pressure gas

Temp. evaporation. 0～8 ℃ Temp udara outdoor. 28～35 ℃

0.7～0.93 MPa Temp. condensation 43～55 ℃

Low pressure

High pressure 2.1～3.3 MPa

Perbedaan temp ℃
udara Indoor. A－B＝ 15±3
Perbedaan temp.
udara outdoor Ｃ－Ｄ＝ 15±3 ℃

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WBT JP0024-1
© DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. Daikin Training
WBT JP0024-1