Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering

APPLICATION # 4

Ladder Circuit

Members:

Vizmanos, Patricia Flor

Olaguera, Jayson
Magsico, Jedidiah
Marquez, Jose Alfonso

BS CpE 4-5

Professor:

Engr. Florinda H. Oquindo

I. OBJECTIVE
1. To be able to construct a ladder circuit using three relays, which is intended to
show some of the basic operations of an open-loop control system.

II. MATERIALS
 3 – 6 V SPDT Electromagnetic Relay
 3 – 1N4001
 1 – Switch (Push-Button Normally Closed)
 3 – Switch (Push-Button Normally Open)
 1 – 6V DC Buzzer or Light Emitting Diode (LED)
 1 – 6V Power Source
 1 – 1k-Ω Load Resistor
 Breadboard
 Connecting Wires

III. PROCEDURES
1. Each relay has 5 pins. Pin 1 is connected with the negative terminal of the diode
(1N4001) and its positive terminal is then connected to Pin 3. Now the other pins
signify the normally-open and normally-closed part of the relay. Between the Pin 2
and Pin 4 is the normally-opened mechanism and between the Pin 2 and Pin 5 is
the normally-closed mechanism.
2. Have the Reset button connect to the B+ 6 volts.
3. Then, have the three push buttons (normally-open) as your inputs and the three
relays as actuators, as shown in the schematic diagram in the next page.
4. Connect the buzzer or LED as your final load.
5. Test the ladder circuit.
IV. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM/ ACTUAL PHOTO

Schematic Diagram Actual Photo

Timing Diagram:

V. CONCLUSION

Questions:
1. How many inputs are needed to complete the relay process?
- This experiment needs three relays.
2. What must be considered in activating the circuit?
- When activating the circuit, relays and pushbuttons switches are needed to be
sequentially activated.
3. What type of system is the last experiment?
- The type of system in the last experiment is a Ladderized Logic System.
4. Site some applications where we can use this type of circuit.
- A water float regulator, passcodes for security purposes, and a color sequence are
some of the applications where a Ladder circuit could be used.