Skin Care

Skin facts

• An average adult’s skin

– spans 21 square feet,
– weighs nine pounds, and
– contains more than 11 miles of blood vessels.
• Your skin is your largest organ.
• Blowing’ in the wind: Globally, dead skin
accounts for about a billion tons of dust in
the atmosphere. Your skin sheds 50,000
cells every minute.
 Fungal Infections Hyperkeratosis

Canker sores

Disorders
Viral
Infections
Skin
Infestations Secondary bacterial
infections
Fungal Infections
 Tinea

Types
Pedis
Corporis
Capitis
Unguium
Versicolor
 1- Tinea pedis
Athlete’s foot
NOT just
athletes !!
But also:
Weak immune system

Older than 60

Diabetics
 1- Tinea pedis
Athlete’s foot
Interdigital Moccasin Vesicular

Most common type Itching Scaling Maceration & Foul odour

Between two smallest toes Burning
 1- Tinea pedis
Athlete’s foot
Moccasin Vesicular

Absence of vesicles
Involve the entire sole of the foot and extend onto the sides
 1- Tinea pedis
Athlete’s foot
Moccasin Vesicular

Least common Fluid-filled blisters Patient can not walk

 Differential diagnosis
Tinea pedis Eczema

Inflammation, endogenous cause

Differences:
Redness 1) Edema 2)Oozing Blister
3)No foul odour

Similarities:
Itching Crusting
 3- Tinea corporis
Ringworm

1)Anywhere except face, feet, hands, groin

2)Outer part of the sore can be raised,

scally red, may contain vesicles, middle Grows outwards, may overlap
part normal
 Differential diagnosis

Tinea corporis Discoid eczema

Differences :
1)Occurs on arms, hands & feet
2)smaller
3)Middle part is not normal

4)Rare in patients under 20 years

 Differential diagnosis

Tinea corporis Psoriasis

Immunological problem
Differences:
Not contagious
Red plaques covered with silvery-white
scales
Painful and sometimes crack &bleed

Similarities:
Itching Scaling
 4- Tinea capitis
Ringworm of the scalp

Round, bald patches

More common in children
Scaling, itching
 5- Tinea unguium
Onycholysis, fungal nail infection

1)Turn yellow or white 2)Get thicker

 6- Tinea versicolor
Pityriasis versicolor

Yeast
pitysporum orbiculare

Common in oily
surfaces
teenagers
Cosmetic concern

Not contagious
 Differential diagnosis
Tinea versicolor Vitiligo

Found on fingers, toes, knees, and

Flat
around the eyes and mouth
Hypo- or hyperpigmentation
Slight itching and scalling
Loss of all color (depigmentation)
Not painful
No scaling
Transmission of Tinea
Prevention
1. Dry off well
2. Do not wear
occlusive clothes
3. Wear shower
sandals at public
showers and swimming
pools
 Prevention

Do not share
clothes, socks,
towels, nail
clippers

Indirect contact
 Prevention

Avoid contact
with infected
people or
animals

Direct contact
Candidiasis
 Candidiasis

Most common type of yeast infection

More than 20 species

Candida albicans
Most common (Monilia)

Oral thrush
Causes
Vaginal candidiasis
 Oral candidiasis (Oral thrush) (Moniliasis)

Symptoms
Thick, white lacy patches
on top of a red base

Where ??
Tongue
Palate
Or elsewhere
inside the mouth
 Canker sores

Aphthous stomatitis
 Symptoms

1- Size

Minor 5-8 mm
Major
???? > 1 cm

2- Shape
Oval - round
3- Color
White - yellow

4- Where ?
Tongue, cheek and lip
 Cause
Unknown
Canker sores is an idiopathic disease
 Triggers Risk groups
Oral trauma
Being female

Stress Family history

Hormonal changes

Food
Smoking cessation

Helicobacter pylori
 Differential diagnosis
1- Major canker sores

Greater than or 1cm

10 separate, may coalesce into a single very large ulcer
May take up to six weeks to heal and leave extensive scarring
 Differential diagnosis
2- Herpetiform canker sores

Clusters of 10 to 100 sores

The Magic Drug

Self Healing
 Patient counseling
Rinse your mouth with salty solution
to heal canker sores.
Baking soda !!
Ice !!
Skin infestations
 Scabies

A very common skin infection affects people of all

races and social classes.

Cause:
called
Microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei
 Scabies Symptoms

Itching

Red papular rash

Rash can also include vesicles

Secondary bacterial infection

Greyish “pencil-like” burrows

to appear in
Take from 4 to 8 weeks patients who have not been infected previously

to appear in
Take from 1 to 4 days Patients who have scabies before
Scabies

Transmission

Direct way Indirect way

Prolonged skin-to skin By sharing articles

contact

Scabies spreads rapidly in crowded places

As: hospitals, schools and prisons.

Animals such as dogs and cats are not a source

of spread of human scabies.
 Head lice
( Pediculosis)

Cause:
Small wingless parasitic
insect
Pediculus humanus capitis
Head lice
Symptoms

Feeling of something moving in the hair.

Itching due to allergic reaction because of

lice saliva.

Irritability and diffulity sleeping.

Sores on the head caused by scratching.

(Secondary bacterial infection?!)
Head lice

Transmission

Common way Uncommon way

By person-to-person contact. By contact with clothes or other

personal items used by infected
persons.

1. Most common among preschool children, elementary school

children and between household members.
2. Animals such as dogs and cats do not play a role in transmission of
human head lice.
Viral Cutaneous Infections
 Herpes simplex
(Cold sores or sun blisters)

HSV-1causes:
Herpetic labialis (cold sores)
Herpetic whitlow
Herpetic keratitis

HSV-2 causes:
Genital lesions
genital lesions and the virus is
never eliminated from the body
because The virus stays in the
ganglia in an inactive form.
 Prevention
A vaccine called Zostavax to reduce the
risk of shingles in people ages 60 and over.

Varivax is the live attenuated vaccine that

produces persistent immunity against
chicken pox.

Killed and sub unit vaccine may be used to

prevent recurrence of herpes simplex
virus.
Hypertrophy of the horny layer of the skin
(excessive development of keratin)

Hyperkeratotic
disorders
 Callus
Skin lesions caused by
Excess friction
Over a broad
area of skin
 Callus
Hand callus Feet callus

Repeated handling of an object

that puts pressure on the hand
Pressure from footwear
 Callus
Hand callus Feet callus

Repeated handling of an object

that puts pressure on the hand
Pressure from footwear
 warts

Skin growth
Very contagious
Go away on their own within months or years
 Warts
Common Plantar

Grow most often on the hands

Grow on the soles of the feet
Rough, shaped like a dome,
and greyish-brown in color. Hard, thick patches of skin with
dark specks
 oozing
diabetes
mellitus
purulent
materials
Refer to a
dermatologist
peripheral rheumato-
circulatory id arthritis
disease

hemorrha- Hair
ging growth
 Secondary Bacterial
Infection:
Primary infection versus secondary infection.
A primary infection is infectionthat is, or can
practically be viewed as, the root cause of the current
health problem. In contrast, a secondary infection is a
sequela or complication of a root cause.
 Which bacteria causes SBI

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Impetigo (school sores)
Staphylococcus aureus
Folliculitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Furunculosis (boils)
Thanks