Grade 7 Sentences

ENGLISH
SENTENCES
C L A S S 7 th
2
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CONTENTS
SENTENCES
C L A S S 7 th
Recommended Time: 5 – 8 Classes
SIMPLE COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES PAGE 4
DECLARATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND

PAGE 33
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
EXISTENTIAL, NEGATIVE, AND EXCLAMATORY

SENTENCES PAGE 53
CONDITIONAL AND SUBJECTIVE SENTENCES PAGE 76
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES PAGE 102
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SIMPLE COMPOUND AND
COMPLEX SENTENCES
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SPARK
Every great legend begins with a spark
Jenny is leaving! Simple!
Mom gave Jenny a hug and

dad gave her a kiss. Compound!
While mom gave Jenny a hug,

dad wiped a tear from his eye. Complex!
Simple!
Jonathon drew a picture for Jenny.
Compound! Jonathon put the picture in an envelope,

but he forgot to give it to Jenny.
After Jenny left, he mailed it to her new

Complex! address.
So what does all this mean?
are
e n s e . There
s
t h a t makes compou
nd
w o r ds en c e s ,
is a g roup of s im pl e sent
ence tences:
A sent o f s e n .
three
kinds le x s e ntences
p
e nc e s and com
sent
5
EXPLAIN
Observation is one of the greatest powers in the universe
Hi kids, today we will learn about sentence

structures. We use them to form a logical flow of
words that make sense.
At the end of the lesson you will learn to write
sentences correctly.
Sentence Structures
DEFINITION
Sentences are groups of words put together in a way that
makes sense.
EXAMPLE
We can drive or take a Since we are running late,

train to the Botanic let's drive there instead.
Gardens.
There are three main sentence structures:

• simple sentence
• compound sentence
• complex sentence
1. Simple Sentences
EXAMPLE
Mandy is giving
Jenny is leaving!
Jenny a hug.
DEFINITION
A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause. An
independent clause contains a subject and a verb and it
expresses a complete thought.
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An independent clause is also called a main clause.
Sentences can be formed in the following ways:
1 The simplest sentence contains a subject and an intransitive verb.
subject + verb
• Marilyn is laughing.
• The alarm clock rang.
2 A simple sentence can be made longer by adding an adverbial.

An adverbial is a word or phrase that functions like an adverb.
subject + verb + adverbial
• Sabrina sings beautifully.

• Jasper ran to school.
3 A simple sentence with a transitive verb contains a direct object.
subject + verb + direct object
• Jonathan drew a picture.

• The bird found a worm.
4 A simple sentence with a ditransitive verb contains an indirect
object and a direct object.
subject + verb + indirect object + direct object
• Jonathan drew his mother a picture.

• The bird found its young a worm.
5 Sometimes, the positions of the direct and indirect object can

be exchanged and a preposition can be added.
subject + verb + direct object + preposition + indirect object
• Jonathan drew a picture for his mother.

• The bird found a worm for its young.
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A. Compound Sentences
The weather is sunny There are dark clouds in There are dark clouds in
and many children the sky now but, the sky now but,
are out in the park. thankfully, it is not raining thankfully, it is not raining
yet. yet.
DEFINITION
A compound sentence is formed when two or more
independent clauses are joined together with connectors such
as and, or and but. Each independent clause in a compound
sentence can stand on its own.
Compound sentences are formed in the following way:
independent clause + connector + independent clause
The dog is hounding the cat. The cat is hounding the mouse.
The dog is hounding the cat and the cat is hounding the mouse.
The dog is growling at the cat. The cat remains undaunted.
The dog is growling at the cat but the cat remains undaunted.
The old lady might chase away the cat. She might trap the mouse.
The old lady might chase away the cat or trap the mouse.
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1. Complex Sentences
EXAMPLE
I eat more That is the boy
than you do! who can eat a lot!
DEFINITION
A complex sentence is formed when an independent clause is
joined by one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause is a
group of words with a subject and a verb but it cannot stand on its
own as a sentence. It provides more information about the
independent clause.
A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
Complex sentences are generally formed in the following way:
independent clause + dependent clause
• The policewoman asked the thief where he had

hidden the stolen purse.
• The robber is as cunning as a fox.
Complex sentences can be formed with different types of dependent

clauses.
1 A complex sentence can be formed with a comparison clause.
A comparison clause begins with than or as.
independent clause + comparison clause
• Jason can jump higher than Michael.

• The test was simpler than I thought.
• The movie ended as I had expected.
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A complex sentence can be formed with a relative clause.
2
A relative clause provides more information about the noun in the
independent clause. It usually begins with a relative pronoun
such as that, which, who, whom, whose and where.
independent clause + relative clause
• This is the German Shepherd that bit me.

• The pupils who cheated on their tests are being
punished in the detention room.
• The boy whose tooth fell out went to see the dentist.
A dependent clause can be placed in the middle or at the end of

a sentence.
A complex sentence can be formed with an adverbial clause.

3
An adverbial clause is like an adverb - it provides more information
about the verb in the independent clause. It usually begins with a
connector.
independent clause + adverbial clause
• Francis paid the bill after his dad finished

his meal.
• The teachers like Claudia because she is very
diligent.
• Sam woke up early so that he could catch the first train.
adverbial clause + , + independent clause
• Although Ben is short-sighted, he does not

wear glasses.
• Wherever they went, the tourists took
photographs.
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What I have learnt
Sentence
Summary
Structures
• Independent clauses with a subject and a verb
Simple sentences • Adverbials and objects can be added to simple
sentences
Compound • Consist of two or more independent clauses joined
sentences by the connectors and, but or or
• Consist of an independent clause joined to a
dependent clause
Complex sentences
• Formed with comparison clauses, relative clauses
or adverbial clauses
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PRACTICE
Master what you have learnt
easy
1 Differentiate between:
Simple sentences VS Compound

sentences
Example Example
2 Fill in the concept box below for complex sentences.
Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts
COMPLEX
Examples SENTENCES
Non-examples
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3 R U L E R U M B L E – Sentences can be formed in many different ways. Match the
sentences to the rule that they follow.
WAYS TO FORM SENTENCES

1. subject + verb
2. subject + verb + adverbial
3. subject + verb + direct object
4. subject + verb + indirect object + direct object
5. subject + verb + direct object + preposition + indirect object
RULE SENTENCE
a) Pemba sang her mom a song.
b) Pemba is singing.
c) Pemba sang a song to her mom.
d) Pemba sings wonderfully.
e) Pemba sang a song.
F i l l m e u p - Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word.

4
a) Sentences are groups of that are grouped together in a
way that makes sense.
words letters rules
b) There are three main sentence types: , compound and

complex.
proper simple common
c) An independent clause is made up of a subject and a

and expresses a complete thought.
preposition verb direct object
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d) An does not take a direct object.
intransitive verb compound verb modal verb
e) An describes a verb, adjective or another adverb.
preposition noun adverb
f) A verb that is followed by an object is called a verb.
transitive proper real
g) A verb that is followed by two objects – an indirect object and a direct object
is called a verb.
nontransitive ditransitive monotransitive
h) A sentence must have a direct object in order for there to be an
compound subject preposition indirect object
5 M A T C H ! - Match the definitions to the term they define.
a) formed when two or more independent i. complex sentence

clauses are joined together with connectors
ii. comparison clause
b) begins with than or as
c) provides more information about the verb iii. dependent clause

in the independent clause
d) whose iv. adverbial clause
e) provides more information about the noun

v. connector
in the independent clause
f) a group of words with a subject and a verb vi. relative pronoun

but it cannot stand on its own as a sentence
g) and vii. compound sentence
h) formed when an independent clause is

joined by one or more dependent clauses viii. relative clause
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6 F I N D T H E O B J E C T S – Can you find direct objects and indirect objects
in the sentences below? The subjects have already been underlined
once, and the verbs have been underlined twice. To find the direct
object, ask “who or what” after the verb.
Circle it in green. After finding the direct object, ask “to whom or for
whom did the subject do the action”. That is the indirect object. Circle
it in red. The first two are done for you.
a) Samuel sent his aunt a postcard from Martha’s Vineyard.
b) Marc paints the house for his family.
c) Alexa gave me her algebra notes.
d) He bought his son a bike.
e) Max pitched Alice the baseball.
f) Jim built his granddaughter a sandcastle on the beach.
g) To explain the broken lamp, we told our mom a lie.
h) Tomas paid the mechanic 200 dollars to fix the squeaky

brakes.
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normal
Before we practice identifying different sentence types, let’s make sure we

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know how to identify a sentence. A sentence must have a subject and a verb
and it must make sense. Underline the subject once and the verb twice in the
examples below. In the blank space before each letter, write ✔ if the group of
words is a sentence; write x if it is not a sentence.
✔ a) Angel Falls in Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world.
x b) To find a doctor for his sick sister.
c) Each of Aesop’s fables contains a lesson.
d) After I explored Brown Plateau.
e) Written by Captain Spark.
f) Daka gathered shells along the shores of Golden Beach.
g) A new planet has been discovered.
Use words from the grid below to form the different kinds of simple
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sentences. You may add pronouns and articles (a, an, the), change the form
of the verb to its past or future form, and add -ed, -s, or -ing. You do not need
to use all the options.
direct indirect
subject verb adverb preposition
object object
Grizzi eat loudly leaves mother for
chimp gave noisily trees young with

He bake easily attention book on
oven read fluently cookies children to
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WAYS TO FORM SENTENCES
a) subject + verb
b) subject + verb + adverbial
c) subject + verb + direct object
d) subject + verb + indirect object + direct object
e) subject + verb + direct object + preposition + indirect object
Below is a mixture of simple, compound and complex sentences. Underline the

9 main clauses. Put a box around the subordinate clauses. The main clauses are
independent (can stand on their own); the subordinate clauses are dependent
(cannot stand on their own).
a) I like swimming, but I do not like diving.
b) When we go out, please remind me to buy some milk.
c) Sue is writing a long story.
d) If you stay up late, you will feel tired at school.
e) It was very cold so we all wore hats and gloves.
f) Paul will not lie on the beach unless he has a book to read.
g) I often go to the library on Saturdays.
h) My mom was cross because our rooms were untidy.
i) The movie that we saw last week was very frightening.
j) The police caught the man who had stolen the car.
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L e t Ê s R e v i e w ! - Simple sentences have one independent clause. Compound
10 sentences have two or more independent clauses connected with a
conjunction (independent clause + connector + independent clause). Complex
sentences have one (or more) independent clauses joined to one or more
dependent clauses (independent clause + dependent clause or the other way
around). Remember, dependent clauses do not make sense by themselves.
Look at the sentence and fill in the box with information about the number
and type of clause(s) it has. Write ‘yes’ if it has a conjunction or ‘no’ if it does
not. Then choose if it is simple, compound or complex.
a) I like pumpkin pie.

Independent clause(s) __1__ Dependent clause(s) __0__ Conjunction _No_
simple compound complex
b) I don't know how to bake, so I buy my bread.

Independent clause(s) __2__ Dependent clause(s) __0__ Conjunction _Yes_
c) I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.

Independent clause(s) ___1__ Dependent clause(s) __1___ Conjunction _No_
d) You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you.
Independent clause(s) _____ Dependent clause(s) _____ Conjunction ____
e) When I stepped out into the bright sunlight, I had only two things on my
mind.
f) What an idiot.
g) I started on time, but I arrived late.

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11 M U L T I P L E C H O I C E – Read the questions and choose an answer from the
options.
a) Jack went to the shop ____________ b) Daka won the race _________ came second.
some bread.
i. so he needed i. and Mary
ii. because needed ii. Mary
iii. he needed iii. or Mary
iv. because he needed iv. and Mary she
c) Dad cooked ________ mom relaxed. d) David cooked the meal ________ tired.
i. dinner. While i. because

ii. dinner while ii. because he was
iii. dinner. Because iii. because Sue was
iv. dinner because iv. because sue
e) We stayed at the __________ got dark. f) This is the _______ won the prize.
i. beach until it i. boy who he

ii. beach. Until it ii. boy. Who
iii. beach as soon as iii. boy
iv. beach as soon as it iv. boy who
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Write the compound sentences as two simple sentences. Sometimes you need to
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add the subject to the second sentence. The first two are done for you.
a) David likes going fishing and loves diving.

David likes going fishing. David loves diving.
b) I can read French, but cannot speak it.
I can read French. I cannot speak French.
c) We are flying to Paris and are getting the train to London.
d) Penguins can swim, but cannot fly.
e) It was warm and sunny so we went to the beach.
f) I could have had a blue or black coat, but I chose the blue one.
g) My dad forgot to take his umbrella so he got very wet.
h) Shall we go to the beach first or shall we have an ice-cream?
Join the main clauses to make one compound sentence. Use and, but, or or so.
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Remember to place a comma before the connecting word. The first one is done
for you.
a) We went to the beach. It was cold and windy.

We went to the beach, but it was cold and windy.
b) It was cold and windy on the beach. We did not stay there long.
It was cold and windy on the beach, so we did not stay there long.
c) Andrew’s brother might go to university. He might get a job.
d) My parents met in July. They got married a year later.
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e) Shall we go to the cinema? Shall we stay home and watch TV?
f) There was nothing good on at the cinema. We decided to stay home.
g) Simba loves swimming. He does not like it when the water is cold.
h) Zepo’s sister is good at maths. Her brother is good at maths too.
The following sentences are complex sentences where the independent clause
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is first followed by the dependent (or subordinate clause). Change the order of
the clauses and place a comma between them. Notice that the meaning does
not change.
a) You have to go to bed now [whether you like it or not].

Whether you like it or not, you have to go to bed now.
b) You will have a good credit score [if you pay your bills].
c) You will miss the bus [unless you run fast].
d) The birds flew away from the street [once they saw the car coming].
e) She is working as a retail clerk [although she has a business degree].
f) Marty kept his schedule open [in case of emergencies].
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15 Identify if the following clauses are comparison, relative or adverbial clauses.
a) The price was higher [than we had expected].
Starts with comparison word → comparison clause

relative pronoun → relative clause
connector → adverbial clause
b) Peter Paul, the drama teacher, met with Mary [after she came] to the
next class.
c) Do you know the girl [who started in grade 7 last week]?

d) We left [before the speeches].

e) Can I have the pencil [that I gave to you this morning]?

f) That restaurant is not [as good as it used to be].

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super
16 Draw one line under each subject and two lines under each verb. Draw a box
around any commas and conjunctions (or semicolons) that join the two parts of
compound sentences. In the blank to the left of each sentence, write S if it is a
simple sentence and Cd if it is a compound sentence.
a) Henry Hudson and Martin Frobisher sought in vain for the

Northwest Passage, a shortcut from England to China and the
Pacific.
b) Magellan organized the first successful voyage around the word, but
he was killed before the completion of the trip.
c) Christopher Columbus was an excellent explorer but was not a good

administrator; in fact, his career as a governor in the New World
ended in failure and disgrace.
d) John Cabot came to America and laid a claim for Britain in 1497.
e) Columbus was born in Italy but sailed for Spain.
f) Conditions on ships were usually unsanitary, and a number of

diseases plagued the crews.
g) Captain James Cook discovered the Hawaiian Islands and mapped

the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
17 Draw one line under each subject and two lines under each verb. Draw a box
around any commas and conjunctions (or semicolons) that join the two parts of
compound sentences. In the blank space below each sentence, write the formula
that indicates the type of sentence.
E.g. Ed and Ray hunted and fished. S and S V and V = simple

Ed hunted, and Ray fished. SV ,and SV = compound
a) Pumpkins, cucumbers, and squash are all members of the gourd family.
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b) Ammu and Simba are both thirteen years old.
c) In summer, German dairy farmers use valleys for growing hay and higher
lands for grazing cattle.
d) Drago is plotting against us; he must be defeated.
e) Stoney Island and Shallow Creek are remote places; we are still busy
exploring them.
f) Lizzi is a sensible and intelligent girl while Zoka is naughty.
R I G H T O R W R O N G ? Put a ✔ next to the clauses that are independent and a

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❌ next to fragments (clauses that do not express a complete thought) and
correct them. The easiest way to correct a fragment is to rejoin it to the
sentence from which it has been separated.
a) Christopher Columbus brought cattle to the West Indies in 1493.
b) Developed in the hill country of Scotland. The Ayrshire breed are

sturdy.
c) Brahman cattle, originally imported from India, are raised in the

southern United States. Because they can withstand heat.
d) Oxen were often used to pull wagons and plows. Pictures of oxen can
be seen in the Egyptian pyramids.
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e) Long ago, the herdsmen followed the herds as they wandered from a
place to place.
f) In order to digest their food properly. Cows must chew the cud.
O D D O N E O U T - Circle the word that is the odd one out in the group. Also,
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write down the reason.
a) however
what and
but so or
nor yet
Reason:
b) that whoever whichever

who which why whom
whomever
Reason:
c) slowly prison
bravely beautifully
wonderfully quietly gracefully
Reason:
d) on cat up
in around about
for down
Reason:
e) lie dies
went arrived sits
have sneezes
Reason:
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20 Three of the underlined connectors and punctuation marks are
incorrect and two are correct. If it is incorrect, write the correct
form in the brackets. If it is correct, put a tick in the brackets.
Everyone in my family had been invited to a party and we were all

getting ready. My dad could not decide whether to wear his blue
shirt and (a) (______) his black one. When he was polishing his
shoes. (b) (_______) he got shoe polish on his blue shirt. He could
not wear it after all. (c) (_______) My mom wanted to iron her
dress or (d) (______) my sister was using the iron. We were all
rushing around because (e) (______) we did not want to be late.
Eventually, we were all dressed and ready to go!
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21 S C R A M B L E G A M B L E - Unscramble the words using the hints.
a) THTA b) CHIHW
relative pronoun relative pronoun
c) HTAN d) ADN
used to introduce a comparison used to connect two independent

clause clauses
e) RO f) MHOW
conjunction relative pronoun referring to

person
g) HERWE h) OHSEW
relative pronoun referring to relative pronoun referring to

place person
i) MWEEHVOR j) UTB
relative pronoun conjunction used to join two

clauses
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F R A M E S I M P L E S E N T E N C E S – Fo r m yo u r ow n s i mp l e s e n t e n c e s
22
using the subject in the box.
a) sunburn
b) beach
F R A M E C O M P O U N D S E N T E N C E S – Form your own compound sentences

23
using the subjects and connectors in the box.
a) sunburn + beach + but
b) dolphin + swimming + or
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F R A M E C O M P L E X S E N T E N C E S – Fo r m yo u r ow n c o mp l ex
24
sentences using the direction in the box.
a) Form a comparison clause using as.
b) Form a relative clause using that.
c) Form an adverbial clause using after.
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olympiad
Create a poster that clearly explains simple sentences, compound sentences
25
and complex sentences. Include an example of each type of sentence in your
poster. Also remember to include examples of connectors and relative
pronouns. Make sure that the poster is colorful and eye-catching.
26 T E A C H E R T E A C H E R – Now that you know all about simple, compound and

complex sentences, find someone who doesn’t know about them and teach them
what you have learned. Start with the basic simple sentence, then move on to
the compound sentence and lastly introduce them to the complex sentence.
Write some notes to show your teacher how you taught the concepts.
C O R R E C T T H E P A R A G R A P H – The paragraph below has six mistakes involving

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simple, compound and complex sentences. Rewrite it correcting the mistakes.
He forgot to give his teacher his homework. When he came late to class. She
asked for his homework after she noticed it was missing. The students studied
furiously. Because they knew the test would be challenging. School is not all
about studying, since there are lots of clubs and fun activities on
campus. Even though I would rather go to the beach I went to the library to
study. Some students skipped studying, because the weather was gorgeous
outside. Since it's hard to resist a sunny day some teachers hold class outside!
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SHARE
Share your achievements!
What were you supposed to learn in this module?
What did you learn in this module?
1.
2.
3.
4.
What still confuses you?
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ANSWERS
EASY SUPER
3. a) 4 b) 1 c) 5 d) 2 e) 3 16. a) S b) Cd c) Cd d) S e) S f) Cd g) S
4. a) words b) simple c) verb d) intransitive verb e) 17. a) Subjects: pumpkins, cucumbers, squash; verbs:
adverb f) transitive g) ditransitive h) indirect object are; Formula: S+S+S+V = simple b) Subjects: Ammu,
5. a) vii b) ii c) iv d) vi e) viii f) iii g) v h) i Simba; Verbs: are; Formula: S + S + V = simple c)
6. c) direct-notes, indirect-me d) direct-bike, indirect- Subject: farmers; Verb: use Formula: S + V = simple
son e) direct- baseball, indirect-Alice f) direct- d) Subjects: Drago, he; Verb: is plotting, must be
sandcastle, indirect-granddaughter g) direct-lie, Punctuation: semicolon; Formula: S + V ; S + V =
indirect-mom h) direct-dollars, indirect- mechanic compound e) Subjects: Stoney Island, Shallow Creek,
we; Verbs: are, are, exploring; Punctuation:
NORMAL semicolon; Formula: S + S + V ; S + V + V =
7. c) Correct d) x e) x f) Correct g) Correct compound sentence f) Subjects: Lizzi, Zoka; Verbs: is,
8. Answers will vary. Examples of answers are: a) is; Conjunction: while; Formula: S + V + conjunction
Grizzi eats. b) Grizzi eats loudly. c) Grizzi eats + S + V = compound
cookies. d) He baked the children some cookies. e) He 18. a) Independent b) Frag. Developed in the hill
baked cookies for the children. country of Scotland, the Ayrshire breed are sturdy.
9. c) Sue is writing a long story d) Subordinate c) Frag. Brahman cattle, originally imported from
clause: If you stay up late, you will feel tired at India, are raised in the southern United States
school e) It was very cold, we all wore hats and because they can withstand heat. d) Independent.
gloves f) Paul will not lie on the beach, unless he has e) Independent f) Frag. In order to digest their food
a book to read g) I often go to the library on properly, cows must chew the cud.
Saturdays h) My mom was cross Subordinate clause: 19. a) what - a question word, not a conjunction b)
because our rooms were untidy i) The movie why - not a relative pronoun c) prison – a noun, not
Subordinate clause: that we saw last week was very an adverb d) cat - a noun and is not a preposition e)
frightening j) The police caught the man have - does not express an action; it is not transitive
Subordinate clause: who had stolen the car 20. a) or b) , c) correct d) , but e) correct
10. d) 1, 1, No complex e) 1, 1, No complex f) 1, 0, No 21. a) that b) which c) than d) and e) or f) whom g)
simple g) 2, 0, Yes compound where h) whose i) whomever j) but
11. a) iv b) i c) ii d) iii e) i f) iv 24. Answers will vary. Examples of answers are:
12. c) We are flying to Paris. We are getting the train a) That restaurant is not as good as it used to be. b)
to London. d) Penguins can swim. They cannot fly. e) The rake that I borrowed from the neighbour is
It was warm and sunny. We went to the beach. f) I broken. c) The fireworks will start after the sun goes
could have had a blue or black coat. I chose the blue down.
one. g) My dad forgot to take his umbrella. He got
very wet. h) Shall we go to the beach first? Shall we OLYMPIAD
have an ice-cream? 25. Hints for a successful poster: short, simple
13. Answers may vary. c) Andrew’s brother might go explanations. E.g. A simple sentence has 1 clause
to university, or he might get a job. d) My parents that makes sense. “The cat ran.” is a simple
met in July, and they got married a year later. e) sentence. Create a bubble and place all the
Shall we go to the cinema or stay home and watch connectors in it. Then create a cloud and put all the
TV? f) There was nothing good on at the cinema, so relative pronouns in it.
we decided to stay home. g) Simba loves swimming, 26. Hint: You can use your poster to teach the
but he does not like it when the water is cold. h) concepts. Ask questions to see if the person
Zepo’s brother and sister are good at maths. understands. See if he/she can think of their own
14. b) If you pay your bills, you will have a good simple, compound and complex sentences.
credit score. c) Unless you run fast, you will miss the 27. He forgot to give his teacher his homework when
bus. d) Once they saw the car coming, the birds flew he came late to class. She asked for his homework
away from the street. e) Although she has a business after she noticed it was missing. The students
degree, she is working as a retail clerk. f) In case of studied furiously because they knew the test would
emergencies, Mary kept his schedule open. be challenging. School is not all about studying,
15. a) comparison word = comparison clause b) since there are lots of clubs and fun activities on
connector = adverbial clause c) relative pronoun = campus. Even though I would rather go to the beach,
relative clause d) connector = adverbial clause e) I went to the library to study. Some students
relative pronoun = relative clause f) comparison skipped studying, because the weather was gorgeous
word = comparison clause outside. Since it's hard to resist a sunny day,
some teachers hold class outside!
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DECLARATIVE,
INTERROGATIVE, AND
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
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SPARK
Command! or State.
Can you tell what each of these sentences is doing?
It’s 35 degrees
today. This is Please turn
one of the the fan on.
hottest days of
the year.
Shut the door!
d e c larative
called
a t io n ar e
, in s t ruct or
rm d
t g iv e info e s t , c o m m an
a u
c es t h h at req
Senten S enten c e s t
ntences
.
c e s . t iv e s e
senten ll e d impera
re c a
direct a
34
EXPLAIN
Hi kids, today we will learn about more types of

sentences. These are declarative and imperative
sentences.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to

identify and use these sentences correctly while
writing.
1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCES
DEFINITION
A declarative sentence is actually a statement. Its
purpose is to provide information.
EXAMPLE
I am going to have to give

you a ticket.
We use declarative sentences all the time: when we talk, write about
things and give answers to questions.
Declarative sentences usually follow this simple pattern:
Subject Verb (+ object)
35
Here is an example of a declarative sentence:
My brother is playing football.

subject = my brother
verb = is playing
object = football
2. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
Stop right
EXAMPLE
there!
DEFINITION
An imperative sentence gives command, direction,
instruction or request. It does not have a subject and it
begins with the base form of the verb.
Uses of Imperative Sentences:

1 To give a command or an order
Don’t touch the hot stove!
2 To give directions
Turn left. Then, take a right.
3 To give instructions
Take one teaspoon three times a day.
4 To make a request
Turn down the sound on the television, please.
When we write orders and commands, we sometimes put an

exclamation mark at the end because they are often spoken in a
REMEMBER
raised voice.
36
PRACTIC
E
PRACTICE
easy
1 Fill the concept boxes below for interrogative and exclamatory

sentences.
a) Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts
IMPERATIVE
SENTENCES
Examples Non-examples
b) Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts
DECLARATIVE
SENTENCES
Examples Non-examples
2 T R U E o r F A L S E - State whether the following rules are true or false.
a) A declarative sentence has a subject, but no True False

verb.
b) An imperative sentence does not have a True False
subject and begins with the base form of the
verb.
c) An imperative sentence never ends with an True False
exclamation mark.
37
d) “Buy milk” is an imperative sentence. True False
e) An imperative sentence can be used to make a True False

request.
f) “I will go buy milk” is a declarative sentence. True False
3 Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from the word bank.
subject
declarative information
imperative
exclamation mark command
a) A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sentence makes a statement.
b) The purpose of a declarative sentence is to give _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
c) The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sentence gives a command.
d) The imperative sentence sometimes ends in an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
e) One of the uses of an imperative sentence is to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
f) Sometimes the imperative sentence has no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
4 Fill in the blanks with the words from the word bank to complete each
type of imperative sentence.
boil help door milk

be left
bridge past speak
allow water don’t
Complete the requests below:

a) Kindly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ me to talk.
b) I’m sorry to trouble you, but I need your _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
38
PRACTIC
E
c) I want to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the manager.
Complete the commands below:
d) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ touch my phone!
e) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my friend!
f) Open the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Complete the instructions below:
g) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the kettle.
h) Pour the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ into the cup.
i) Add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Complete the directions below:
j) Go _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the restaurant.
k) Turn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ up the street.
l) Go over the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
39
PRACTIC
E
5 W O R D H U N T – The blocks below contain words that describe
imperative and declarative sentences. Find these words in the maze
of words below.
DECLARATIVE IMPERATIVE
command
statement
request
inform
instruct
answer
direct
40
normal
6 I S o r I S N O T – If the sentence commands, instructs, directs or requests,

it is an imperative sentence. Choose if the sentence is an imperative
sentence or not.
a) Stop running now! x Is Is not

Direction X Command
Request Instruction
b) Dad is going to the cricket game later. Is Is not x
Direction Command
Request Instruction
c) What exciting news! Is Is not
Direction Command
Request Instruction
d) Turn left at the traffic light. Is Is not
Direction Command
Request Instruction
e) Put your red shorts on, please. Is Is not

Direction Command
Request Instruction
f) Turn the chicken once when cooking. Is Is not

Direction Command
Request Instruction
g) That was an interesting game. Is Is not
Direction Command
Request Instruction
41
7 P U N C T U A T E – Read each sentence. If the imperative would be
spoken with a loud voice, use an exclamation mark at the end. If
not, use a full stop at the end.
a) Get out now !
b) Please go to the store and buy milk .
c) Help me lift this
d) Help
e) Give the money to David
f) Don’t touch the cookies
g) Turn down the oven, please
h) After the hospital, turn right to the restaurant
8 Imperatives do not have a subject and begin with the base form of
the verb. Complete the imperative sentence by underlining the
base form of the verb.
a) me that torch, Lizzi. x Pass Passing
b) your eyes from the light. x Shield Shielded
c) Now, on after me. followed follow
d) out! Look Looks
e) away from Draco! Hide Hiding
f) back to the space shuttle. Walking Walk
42
L E T ÂS R E V I E W ! - A declarative sentence follows this pattern:
9
subject + verb (+ object)
Task 1: The subject tells who or what the sentence is about. Find the
subject of the sentences below, and underline it.
Task 2: The verb is the action word of the sentence. Find the verb and
draw a box around it.
Task 3: The object of the sentence is the thing or person that receives
the action. Ask who or what to find the object. Circle the object in each
sentence.
a) The girls ate ice lollies in the shops.

b) Mary drove her car to the beach.
c) Timothy talks to Mary during class.
d) Chad picked up this hammer.
e) Theresa walked her dog down the road.

f) Terry read her book last night.
g) The elephant drank water with its trunk.
h) Matthew wrote his story about an ant farm.
BONUS QUESTIONS!
1. Do the above sentences follow the pattern for declarative sentences?

Answer:
2. The purpose of declarative sentences is to give
43
PRACTIC
E
10 D E C I D E – Imperative sentences give a command, instruction, direction
or make a request. Declarative sentences make a statement that gives
information. Decide if the sentences below are I for imperative or D for
declarative.
a) If I’m not careful, I will burn myself. I D x
b) Button up your shirt, please x I D
c) Chop the onions. I D
d) Move quickly! I D
e) Drago loves plotting evil plans. I D
f) Grizzi, Pemba and Diva are friends. I D
g) One of the places we have explored is I D

called the Brown Plateau.
h) I D
Run!
i) Roxy told us about Neptune and Saturn. I D
11 T R A N S F O R M – Transform each sentence from declarative to

imperative. You can add, remove or re-arrange words. Remember to
pay attention to punctuation.
a) Before our car starts to travel upward, mom says, “Hold

on.” → Hold on.
b) We have been asked to think of fun activities. → Think of

fun activities.
c) We will need your help. →
44
d) Jhus needs to come home now. →
e) We need to share with one another. →
f) You must tell your mom that you aren’t well. →
12 M A K E Y O U R O W N – Look at the pictures below and think of some

declarative sentences which provide information about them. There
is an example for each one to help you.
a) b)
The policeman is doing his duty. I love doing mathematics problems

on the board.
c) d)
My brother plays basketball. Captain Spark teaches us all

about the planets.
45
super
13 M U L T I P L E C H O I C E – Read the questions and choose an answer from

the options.
a) Which of the following is the best example of an imperative

sentence?
i. I have to catch the bus now.
ii. The bus will arrive shortly.
iii. Please don’t miss the bus.
iv. All the answers are correct.
b) “Katy, go hang up the laundry,” is an example of a/an _____ sentence.
i. imperative
ii. declarative
c) “Matt walked to the park,” is an example of a/an _____ sentence.
i. imperative
ii. declarative
d) Which one is not a declarative sentence?
i. The cat walked over the roof.
ii. Martha, come here!
iii. Billy the Goat trotted over the bridge.
iv. Martha went to her mother.
e) Which one is not an imperative sentence?

i. Please help me cross the river.
ii. Andy, go and do the dishes.
iii. Mary, clean up this instant!
iv. They are all imperative sentences.
46
14 C R O S S W O R D – Read the clues and solve the crossword on imperative
and declarative sentences.
i f
d c
i
e a
t a
r q s
Across
1. give information
4. to tell someone to do something r
6. imperative sentences that could be
spoken with a loud voice must have an
_____________ mark at the end
8. to politely ask someone to do something
9. declarative sentences follow this
pattern: subject + ________ (+ object)
Down
1. type of sentence that gives a command
2. type of sentence that makes a statement
3. to tell someone where to go
5. one of the purposes of imperative sentences
7. response to a question
47
PRACTIC
E
T R I C K Y I M P E R A T I V E S ! - The following sentences are all examples of
15
imperative sentences. Choose the purpose that best matches the
imperative.
a) Preheat the oven.
x command direct instruct request
b) Wear your gold necklace with that dress.

command direct instruct request
c) Get out!
d) Complete these by tomorrow, please.

e) Please close the door.

f) Turn left.
g) Buy milk.
h) Don’t touch the fire!

i) Please give me that ruler.

48
16 F R A M E S E N T E N C E S – Form your own declarative sentence using
the word in the box. Remember, the declaration provides information
and the pattern is subject + verb + object.
a) help
b) get
c) drinks
d) move
e) fetch
49
17 F R A M E S E N T E N C E S – Fo r m yo u r ow n i mp e r a t i ve
sentence using the word in the box. Remember to command, request,
direct or instruct.
a) help
b) get
c) please
d) move
e) fetch
50
olympiad
18 F U N F A C T S B O O K – Use declarative sentences to compose a Fun

Facts Book. The topic can be a subject studied in Science (like
mammals or the solar system), or you can choose a hobby or activity
you enjoy. Add colourful illustrations to illustrate the facts and
create an attractive cover page.
19 A B C Ê s – Can you write declarative sentences that start with every

letter of the alphabet? Challenge yourself to do that within a theme
so all the sentences relate to one another! Once you’re done, you will
have 26 alphabetized declarative sentences - Wow!
20 T I M E T O C O O K – Recipes are a great example of imperatives. They

are step-by-step instructions written out so that another person will
be able to make a meal or a drink. Write a recipe detailing how to
make tea. Make sure you use imperatives to give the instructions!
51
SHARE
1.
2.
3.
4.
52
EASY OLYMPIAD
2. a) F b) T c) F d) T e) T f) T 18. Example of fun facts could be “All About
3. a) declarative b) information c) imperative Crocodiles” Fact 1: Crocodiles are cold-blooded
d) exclamation mark e) command f) subject reptiles. Fact 2: Cold-blooded means that the
4. a) allow b) help c) speak d) Don’t e) Be / help crocodile’s temperature changes based on its
f) door g) boil h) water i) milk j) past k) left environment. Fact 3: Reptiles have a backbone,
l) bridge have dry skin with scales or bony plates and
lay soft-shelled eggs… etc.
NORMAL 19. Example of seven sentences in alphabetical
6. c) is not d) direction, is e) request, is order following the theme of “Ants” 1. Ants are
f) instruction, is g) is not hard workers. 2. “Black ant” is the common
7. c) . d) ! e) . f) ! g) . h) . name for most ants. 3. Carpenter ants are
8. c) Follow d) Look e) Hide f) Walk black ants. 4. Dead insects are often eaten by
9. c) Subject-Timothy, verb-talks, object-Mary ants. 5. Egg-laying is the queen ant’s only job.
d) Subject-Chad, verb-can pick, object-hammer 6. Food and moisture is what ants need to
e) Subject-Theresa, verb-walked, object-dog survive. 7. Getting rid of ants in your house
f) Subject-Terry, verb-read, object-book g) Subject- can be tricky…etc.
elephant, verb-drank, object-water h) Subject- 20. Answers will vary, but the student may
Matthew, verb-wrote, object-story have an answer similar to this:
Bonus questions: 1) yes. 2) Information Step 1: Fill the kettle with water.
10. c) I d) I e) D f) D g) D h) I i) D Step 2: Put the kettle on to boil.
11. There are a variety of answers. These are some Step 3: Take out a clean, ceramic cup.
examples: c) Help me! d) Jhus, come home now. Step 4: Put a tea bag in the cup.
e) Share with me, please. f) Tell your mom that you Step 5: Once the water has boiled, fill the cup
aren’t well. ¾ full with the boiled water.
12. There are a variety of answers. These are some Step 6: Let the bag steep for a minute or two.
examples: a) The policeman is wearing blue. b) Step 7: Take the bag out and add milk and
Mathematics problems are my favourite. c) My sugar to your taste.
brother is on the basketball team. d) Captain Spark
knows a lot about the planets.
SUPER
13. a) iii b) i c) ii d) ii e) iv
14. Across 1- inform 4- command 6- exclamation
8- request 9- verb; Down 1-imperative 2-
declarative 3- direct 5- instruct 7- answer
15. b) command c) command d) request/instruct
e) request f) direct g) command h) command
i) request
16. Hint: Step 1: help the student choose any
subject (animal, person, place). Step 2: the student
may use an auxiliary or modal verb with the verb
that has been provided. Step 3: help the student
choose an object that makes sense with the subject
and verb. E.g. a) The man must help the dog. b) I
get nervous when I take tests.
17. Hint: Step 1: the student does not have to have
a subject in the sentence (the sentence may begin
with the verb). Step 2: Imperatives that would be
spoken with a loud voice must have an exclamation
mark at the end. E.g. a) Help! (a command) or
Please help me carry this box. (a request) b) Get
out! or James, please get me my glasses.
53
EXISTENTIAL, NEGATIVE, AND
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
54
EXPLAIN
Hi kids, today we will learn about types of

sentences. There are existential sentences and
negative sentences.
At the end of the lesson you will learn to use them
correctly.
Types of Sentences
A. Existential Sentences
EXAMPLE
There is still no news of the
astronauts who are lost in space.
DEFINITION
An existential sentence expresses the general existence of
someone or something. Existential sentences usually begin with
there, followed by the simple present tense or simple past tense of
be.
• There was a family of five living in this house three years

ago.
• There are many wild animals in the jungle.
1 Some other verbs may be used in existential sentences.
• There appears a beautiful princess who captured

the hearts of many.
• There exists a strange creature in the sea.
• There emerged the prince and his damsel in
distress!
2 The use of there in an existential sentence is different from there used
as an adverb of place.
• There is an apple on the table. (existential sentence)

• An apple is there on the table. (adverb of place)
55
B. Negative Sentences
EXAMPLE
Both of you are not

doing your duties
properly! Leave the ship
now!
DEFINITION
A negative sentence states that something is untrue or incorrect.
We form negative sentences by placing not after the helping
verbs.
Tenses Negative Forms Examples

• l am not the artist you imagined me to
Simple present am / is /are + not be.
• You are not supposed to be there.
• Sally was not happy with the results
of the competition.
Simple past was / were + not
• The children were not dressed for the
occasion.
Present am / is / are + not + • I am not feeling well.
continuous present participle • Karen is not cooking tonight.

• Suzanne was not focusing on her
Past was / were + not + work.
continuous present participle • The tourists were not visiting the
Eiffel Tower as it was too crowded.
• My sister has not gone to the dentist
Present has / have + not + like she promised to.
perfect past participle • They have not paid their school fees
since March.
had + not + past • Ben had not done his homework
Past perfect
participle despite being told countless times.
56
Tenses Negative Forms Examples
• Simon has not been answering our
Present has / have + not + calls.
perfect been + present • We have not been attending the
continuous participle committee meetings due to other
commitments.
had + not + been + • Mrs. Johnson was unhappy with me
Past perfect
present participle because I had not been doing my
continuous
homework regularly.
• Greg will not be at the concert.
will / shall + not • We shall not have the barbeque since
Future am / is / are + not + the sky looks threatening.
going to • I am not going to console him. He
brought it upon himself.
can / could / may /
• Alyssa could not make out his
might / will
murmurings.
Modals / would / shall /
• Charlene would not acknowledge my
should + not
presence. She is still angry with me.
For sentences without a helping verb, we add the verb do, followed by
not to form negative sentences. The main verb remains in its base form.
• The children eat a lot.

The children do not eat a lot.
• Brad stays on top of the hill.

Brad does not stay on top of the hill.
• Cheryl liked the brownie.

Cheryl did not like the brownie.
57
C. Exclamatory Sentences
EXAMPLE
What a great chef you are!
Wow! The food Thank you so much

is fantastic! for your compliments!
DEFINITION
An exclamatory sentence is used to express strong feelings such as
anger, happiness, confusion, elation, horror and pain. As such,
exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation mark.
Exclamatory sentences can be interjections made up of one or two

1
words. These interjections are sometimes called exclamatory words.
• Awesome! • Unbelievable!
• Ouch! • Well done!
Exclamatory sentences can also begin with what or how. Verbs are
2
not used in these sentences.
• What a brilliant idea! • How brave of you!
• What a magnificent piece of art! • How exciting!
What is used before a noun group. How is used before an

adjective or adjectival.
Exclamatory sentences can begin with primary verbs or modals.

3
• Have you done it yet! • Aren't you enjoying yourself!
• Isn't this great! • Can't wait for the weekend!
Exclamatory sentences can simply be a more forceful version of
4
declarative sentences.
• This chocolate milkshake is absolutely delicious!

• I love this sequined top!
• The train is going too fast!
58
PRACTICE
easy
1 Fill the concept boxes below for existential, negative and exclamatory
sentences:
a)
EXISTENTIAL
Examples SENTENCES Non-examples
b)
NEGATIVE
c)
EXCLAMATORY
59
2 F I L L M E U P - C omplete the sentences using the options given below.
a) will be three entrée options at Liza’s wedding.
do not There
b) Meghan and Liz professional singers, they are just

YouTubers.
there aren’t are not
c) must be a tool box at the top of the garage shelf.

there is not
d) I seen her around.

does not have not
e) She a good friend to you.
has not was not
3 C I R C L E M E - Circle the existential conjunction and underline the verb

that follows it. Write the verbs in the box below.
a) There are fifteen green coats in my aunt’s winter closet.
b) There is a noise in the car, but I don’t know what it is.
c) There appears to be a light exposition in that art gallery.
d) There could be two vacant seats for the 6:45 pm movie.
e) There will not be any Snicker bars when you come back from school.
f) There exist many legends deep into the Amazonian forest.
60
4 C I R C L E M E - Given below are sentences that use there as adverbs
of place. Circle the verb, adjective or adverb that is modified by there.
a) The only thing I see is socks here and there.
b) Looks! The swans are there, by the river.
c) There goes my favorite bacon cheeseburger!
d) I could use a couple of lightbulbs there.
e) There she saw a horse and its jockey.
f) Paris is my favorite city in the world, let’s go there.
5 M A T C H I T U P - M atch the negative forms of the sentences with their

examples.
i. Shirley Temple was not a

bad actress.
ii. Mia did not sell her car to
John.
iii. I do not enjoy going to the
beach.
a) Negative sentences with a iv. They are not students from
helping verb my class.
b) Negative sentences without v. They say they do not smell
a helping verb anything out of the ordinary.
vi. Louis is not being honest
about his job.
vii. Clarissa and Paul will not

fly to Margarita.
viii. I have not seen the movie

Avengers.
ix. Ted does not touch my toys.
61
6 S O R T I T O U T - U nderline the positive or negative verbs in
the sentences. Then, place them in their corresponding box.
a) Liza eats cornbread for breakfast every morning.

b) John and Jane practice their cartwheels on the grass.
c) Robbie Jr. doesn’t share his toys with his friends.
d) My tablet sends notifications to my TV.
e) Algorithms don’t make mathematics any easier.
Negative verbs Positive verbs
62
normal
7 I S o r I S N O T - Check if the following examples match the requirements of

existential sentences. If they do, write whose existence they signify.
a) Your cell phone charger might be there.

IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
Talks about Starts with Followed by be
existence there or other verbs
b) There will be three pools in the new club.

IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
c) There is a pineapple in the fridge.
IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
d) There occurs a tornado in Florida each year.

IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
e) There, do you see it?

IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
f) There is a spare toothbrush if you need it.

IS IS NOT
Who/what exists:
63
8 L E T Ê S C H O O S E - Circle the exclamatory sentence and add
the exclamation mark.
a) The elephant show was mind-blowing.

b) I don’t think he will like that dress.
c) Ella, don’t talk to your brother like that.
d) There was absolute silence in the room.
e) Look at the lion roar.
f) There is no way she will say yes.
9 THE NEGATIVE MAKER - P ut together the negative forms and

indicate if they are simple past or simple present.
a) The sun strong yesterday.

simple simple
was not = past present
b) Abby and Lee playing games about winning the championship.

are not = simple simple
past present
c) The home team ready to come out to the field.

is not = simple simple
past present
d) Honest decisions made in that meeting.

were not = simple simple
past present
e) The houses to your left ready yet.

are not = simple simple
past present
64
10 S E N T E N C E B U I L D E R - F ollow the instructions and create
negative sentences in continuous and perfect tenses.
a) When Harry met Sally, he _______ ________ ________ for three years.
had not verb date in

past participle
b) Lorena _______ ________ _________ methodology teacher for a long time.
has not verb to be in

past participle
c) My puppy _____ ______ _________ signs of sickness.
is not verb
show+ing
d) I _______ ________ __________ very well in gym class.
was not verb feel+ing
e) When I called you worried, I ______ ______ _______ accepted into college.
had not verb to be in

past participle
B U C K E T T H I S - C ircle the negative part of each sentence, and then place

11
their letters in the corresponding bucket.
a) Jeremy has not been delivering his reports constantly.

b) I had not been sent to detention since I was in primary school.
c) Jessica and her rabbit have not been picking the carrots from my garden.
d) She had not been hosting a talk show before becoming a singer.
e) Lory has not been teaching a yoga class in the park every Sunday for two
months.
f) Mel B and Geri H have not been rebuilding their friendship over the past
years.
g) Warner channel had not been using its whole cast and crew.
Present perfect Past perfect
continuous continuous
65
12 I D E N T I F Y I T - C ircle the sentence in red if it should be in future, and circle
it in blue if it should have a modal verb. Choose and complete in negative form.
a) Maybe Antoine _________

_________ be home tomorrow. can could may might
will would shall should
b) Jessica __________ ___________

can could may might
take care of the children because she
is sick. will would shall should
c) I __________ ___________ go to the can could may might

beach if it were raining.
will would shall should
d) If you don’t behave in school, your can could may might

mom __________ __________ buy you
a new dress. will would shall should
can could may might

e) The Coney Island __________
__________ be closed agains my will. will would shall should
PRACTIC
E
13 R I G H T O R W R O N G ? - Put a next to the correct sentences and a
next to the wrong sentences. Write the correct sentence in case of a wrong
one.
a) Malia don’t has a car of her own.
b) Izobel Stevens did not finish her medical residency.
c) She doesn’t likes to use an umbrella when it rains.
d) My mom don’t forgets to turn the stove off.
e) The lamp doesn’t work at night.
66
14 R E A D Y T O E N L I S T ? - I magine each sentence of the list given
below is enlisting in the military and it should follow a list of
requirements given. Only those who are approved get to pass to the
selection list & you decide which one are approved.
a) What a beautiful play! j) How fat!

b) What a strong look! k) Gross!
c) I think the red wagon is broken. l) Maybe it is time to go.
d) How long of a presentation! m) What an amazing book!
e) Stop!
f) I am wearing pijama pants.
g) Don’t!
h) How crazy of you!
i) Incredible!
Exclamatory words
Expresses strong feelings.

Ends with an exclamation mark What/How
67
15 I D E N T I F Y I T - I dentify if the exclamations are made by primary
vers/modals or if they are declarative sentences. Underline the first in
yellow and the second in green.
a) I told you not to worry!

b) Can’t wait for it to be over!
c) Hadn’t tried this amazing sauce!
d) She bougth the same dress in three different colors!
e) Wouldn’t forget it!
f) The books are not old, mom!
g) Aren’t the flowers exquisite!
Forceful
Primary or
declarative
modal verbs
sentences
16 FILL THE BLANKS - F ill in the blanks choosing one of the

options given.
a) the trip super exciting!. b) you stop shouting!
Wasn’t Weren’t Could Will
c) ! Let’s do it again. d) I told you the mall open
How fun Gross until two!

could not is not
e) Don’t me what to do! f) !

tell talk Love Lovely
68
super
17 F R A M E S E N T E N C E S - F rame sentences using the following indications.
There as an existential word
There as an adverb of place
18 M A K I N G M A G I C - U se your magic powers to convert these affirmative

sentences into negative.
a) Samantha is wearing a mint green jacket.
b) Ollie does stunts with his skateboard.
c) The green ice-cream tastes better than the pink one.
d) I was born in New York City.
e) That fluffy cat wants some love.
69
C O R R E C T T H I S - C o r r e c t the following sentences.
19
a) There isn’t three labels on the book.
b) Jasmine have been interested in you for a while.
c) You does likes nurses.
d) Mayra and him not could stop talking.
e) The boy are not standing in the middle of the street.
f) Melanie not can build the caste by herself.
F I L L M E U P - C o m p l e t e the following sentences by filling

20
the blank spaces.
a) _____________ should be a copy of Romeo and Juliet on the third level of
the shelf.
b) John Galliano ________ ________ ________ a hairdresser for many years.
c) If I were you, I ___________ ___________ buy those expensive shoes.
d) ____________ a nightmare!
e) ____________________! That project was outstanding.
f) ______________ are a lot of swans in the swamp.
g) Jenny ___________ __________ to rap music.
70
CHART TOPPERS - C o m p l e t e the chart adding the
21
subcategories to each type of sentence seen today and give one
(or two) example for each.
Types of sentences Examples

Existential sentences
With the verb to be
Negative sentences
Without helping verbs
Exclamatory sentences
Exclamatory words
71
olympiad
D I A L O G U E - C o m p l e t e the dialogue using the types of sentences you

22
have just learned.
Jimmy and Liza are packing everything to move to a new apartment:
J: Hey, Liza, did you happen to see my favorite book around?

L: No, Jimmy, I _____________________________________________.
J: Lent it? To who?
L: ___________________, but I am sure you gave it to one of your friends from
college.
J: Actually, _____________________________________. I lent one, the other one
should be in the house.
L: Well, ________________________________, they were in the other room. Go check
over there.
J: Now that I remember, it ___________________________, I read it in my mother’s
house.
L: There ____________________________________. I am so tired!
J: Liza, __________________________________! We can do this.
L: I _____________________ give up. Chill.
J: ___________________! I am excited about our new house.
72
M Y R U L E B O O K – H a b i t a n t s from the planet next to the
23
Kingdom of Nounia, Positiveland, are trying to invade the castle,
and Captain Spark is short on soldiers. The only way to fight
them and make them run away is to only speak in negative
sentences. In order to achieve this, you must create a rule book to
explain all the residents of Nounia how to speak in negative form
so they can all become Captain Spark’s soldiers!
Create a rule book that is easy to camouflage with different

elements from the environment (air, water, fire, etc.) explaining
negatives to your fellow Nounians, and speak like a soldier! Don’t
let the hop-happies discover your rule book.
24 P R O J E C T T I M E - Open the newspaper and note down sentences of the types

taught today.
73
SHARE
1.
2.
3.
4.
74
ANSWERS
EASY SUPER
10. Put in practice what you
1. a) Not an example: the flies started doing in the last 17. From everything you have
are there. Example: there exercise. This activity will help seen and practiced, create
are the flies. you refresh the past sentences of your own
b) Not an example: Jean are participles of the verbs given. following the instructions.
not happy. Example: Jean Good, huh?
is not happy. 18. Now that you know the rules
c) Not an example: how can 11. Circle the negative verbs and of the negatives, you should be
she eat! Example: how then place them where they able to transform a positive
delicious! should be. For example: a) sentence into a negative one.
2. a) There circle has not been practicing Try it!
b) Are not and place a) in the present
c) There perfect continuous bucket. 19. All of the sentences are
d) Have not incorrect, be very careful when
e) Was not 12. Use the indicated colors to going over them. You be the
identify if the sentences master and turn them into
3. a) Are should be in future or with correct sentences!
b) Is modal verbs, then choose the
c) Appears correct one and turn it into
20. Try to imagine those sentences
d) Could be negative. For example: a)
coming out of you and fill the
e) Will not future/ will not.
spaces with the correct words
f) Exist
Existential conjunctionà there 13. You have seen this type of to form sentences like the ones
questions before! Look out for we have seen throughout this
4. a) socks the incorrect sentences, module. You can do it!
b) swans especially when it comes to
c) goes 21. This chart is almost like the
forming negatives without summary of the whole module.
d) lighbulbs helping verbs.
e) saw Get it right, and you will have
f) go 14. What sentence should pass the the key to sucess. You might
test to enlist in the military? want to go back to the theory
5. Only you know! For example: section and get some help
aà i, iv, vi, vii, viii.
a) follows the requirements, it there.
bà ii, iii, v, ix
passes, but then put it in the
6. correct group “exclamatory
Positiveà eats, practice, sends. OLYMPIAD
using what/how”
Negativeà doesn’t share,
don’t make 15. a) green 22. Read the conversation first,
b) yellow try to understand the
NORMAL c) yellow characters and fill the spaces
d) green using sentences (exclamatory,
7. This looks like a simple is/is not e) yellow negative, existential) like the
question. However, the real f) green ones we have seen today. It
importance here is that you know g) yellow will be fun!
how to identify the main 16. a) wasn’t
characteristics of an existential b) could 23. To wrap up the module, you
sentence. For example: does the first c) how fun will have two very fun projects
one follow the requirements? No. d) is not to practice everything we have
When requirements are followed, e) tell
check the correspondent boxes and f) lovely 24. seen today. Remember to be
creative and use a lot of colors.
explain what existence does it That‘s when you will have the
indicate. most fun!
8. Be very attentive identifying the

exclamatory sentences in this
exercise, which you should circle
and complete by adding the
corresponding exclamation mark.
9. Put together the negative forms of

the sentences using helping verbs
and indicate if it is simple past or
simple present. For example: a) 75
the sun was not strong yesterday
(simple past). Copyright © 2017-18 Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
CONDITIONAL AND SUBJECTIVE
SENTENCES
76
SPARK
So far, you’ve learned about declarative, interrogative, exclamatory,

imperative, existential and negative sentences. Now you will learn
about two more kinds of sentences.
If only I could
This sentence is run as fast as
talking about a the speed of
wish that cannot light, I would
be fulfilled. catch every
criminal.
I wish I were younger.
This This sentence is

sentence is talking about an
talking imaginary
about a situation that is
request or unlikely to happen.
intention.
My doctor
recommends that I
exercise daily in
order to avoid aging.
se
d s h o w a c au
an ences
t w o c lauses s . S e n t
of entence
a r e m ade up t io n a l s e q u es t or
a t n d i a r
c es t h p are c
o
filled o
r
Senten t io n s h i
ot b e fu l
ect rela t cann
and eff i s h t h a .
t e x pr es s a w t iv e s e ntences
tha nc
io n ar e subju
intent
77
EXPLAIN
Hi kids, today we will learn about conditional and

subjective sentences. We use them to construct our
sentences.
At the end of the lesson you will learn how to use
them correctly.
Types of sentences
A. Conditional Sentences
EXAMPLE
If I leave the If I refuse to meet my

clothes unfolded, I friends, they will be
will get a scolding angry with me.
from my mum.
DEFINITION
A conditional sentence is made up of two clauses — the if - clause
and the main clause. The two clauses usually show a cause-and-effect
relationship.
Conditional sentences are formed in the following ways:
if – clause + , + main clause
• If I drop this vase, I will have to pay for it.

• If you do not get up now, you will miss the bus!
main clause + if – clause
• I will have to pay for the vase if I drop it.

• You will miss the bus if you do not get up now.
78
There are three types of conditional sentences — the present
conditional, the hypothetical conditional and the past perfect
conditional.
We use the present conditional to talk about what one would do

1
or the consequences in a situation that is likely to happen.
• If it rains heavily, the game will be postponed.

• I will fire him without any hesitation if he is late for work
again.
We use the hypothetical conditional to talk about what one

2
would do in an imaginary situation that is unlikely to happen.
• If I saw an alien, I would run for my life.

• I would go skiing if it snowed in Singapore.
We use the past perfect conditional to talk about an imagined

3
past situation that could have happened but did not take place.
• If Mavis had listened to our advice, she would have

completed the project on time.
• If you had been early, you could have caught a glimpse of
the Korean pop idol.
• Burke might have seen the big hole in the ground if he had
worn his glasses.
79
B. Subjunctive Sentences
EXAMPLE
I wish I could ride a pony.
DEFINITION
A subjunctive sentence describes an activity or event that has not yet
occurred and may not occur at all. In subjunctive sentences, the verbs
may not follow the usual subject-verb agreement rules.
Subjunctive sentences can be used to express a wish that cannot

1
be fulfilled. The simple past tense of the verbs is used.
• I wish it were winter now.

• I wish I had a sister to play and share my things with.
• If only I knew about his restaurant earlier!
• If only I attended the craft lesson yesterday.
Subjunctive sentences can also be used to express requests and

2
intentions. They are often used with certain verbs and
expressions. The bare infinitive form of verbs is often used.
• The doctor suggests that she rest at home for a week.

• The king demanded, that the thief be arrested immediately.
• Jamie’s mother insists that he complete all his homework
before dinner.
• It is best that she follow her mother's advice.
• It is important that Claudia be punctual for school every day.
• It is essential that we brush our teeth twice a day.
80
What I have learnt
Sentences
Declarative • used to state a fact, an argument or an idea
sentences • end with a full stop
• used to ask for information and confirmation
Interrogative • three types of interrogative sentences: wh-questions,
sentences yes/no questions and question tags
• end with a question mark
• used to give a command, a request, an instruction or
Imperative directions
sentences • begin with a verb
• may end with a full stop or an exclamation mark
Existential • used to express the general existence of someone or
sentences something
Negative
• used to state that something is untrue or incorrect
sentences
Exclamatory • used to express strong feelings
sentences • end with an exclamation mark
• three types of conditional sentences: the present
Conditional
conditional, the hypothetical conditional and the past
sentences
perfect conditional
Subjunctive
• used to express wishes, requests and intentions
sentences
81
easy
1 Fill the concept boxes below for conditional and subjunctive sentences.
a) Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts
CONDITIONAL
b) Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts
SUBJUNCTIVE
2 TRUE OR FALSE - State whether the following rules are true or false.
a) A conditional sentence is made up of three clauses. True False

b) The three types of conditional sentences are present
conditional, hypothetical conditional and continuous True False
conditional.
c) A subjunctive sentence describes an activity or event True False
that has not yet occurred and may not occur at all.
d) Verbs in subjunctive sentences always follow subject- True False
verb agreement rules.
e) A subjunctive sentence can express a wish that cannot True False
be fulfilled.
82
3 Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from the word bank.
bare imagined
intentions unlikely
if-clause consequences
a) A conditional sentence is made up of two clauses - the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

and the main clause.
b) Subjunctive sentences are used to express requests and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
c) In subjunctive sentences, the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ infinitive form of verb is used.
d) Past perfect conditional sentences are used to talk about an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

past situation that could have happened but did not take place.
e) The hypothetical conditional sentence is used to talk about what one would do
in an imaginary situation that is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to happen.
f) The present conditional sentence is used to talk about what one would do or
the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in a situation that is likely to happen.
4 Fill me up - Choose the appropriate word.
a) The two clauses of a conditional sentence show a

relationship.
cause and effect equal but opposite give and take
b) The bare infinitive form of the verb is used in sentences.
tag subjunctive conditional
c) “He bid him go” is an example of a subjective sentence where the bare
has been used.
infinitive verb object
83
d) The expression of a wish that cannot be is one way of using
subjunctive sentences.
approved different fulfilled
e) The conditional is used to talk about the consequences in

a likely situation.
future past present
f) Put the parts of the conditional sentence in the correct order: (1)
(2) and (3) .
comma if-clause main clause
g) Hypothetical means that something is .
real imaginary truthful
h) Verbs in subjunctive sentences may not follow the usual subject-

agreement rules.
pronoun verb object
84
normal
Conditional sentences are formed by two clauses: the if-clause and the main
5
clause. The main clause can stand alone. The if-clause cannot. Underline the
main clause in blue and the if-clause in red.
a) If you heat water to 100 degrees (°C), it boils.
b) The waves are high if the sea is stormy.
c) If it's raining now, then your laundry is getting wet.
d) If Drago locked the door, then Jhus is trapped inside.
e) I'll lower taxes if I become a president.
f) If it rains this afternoon, then yesterday's weather forecast was wrong.
g) Your garden party is doomed if it rains this afternoon.
h) What will you do if he invites you?
i) If you see them, shoot!
Bonus question! True or false: The order of the two clauses can be changed,
and the conditional sentence will still make sense. ___________
Read the conditional sentence and decide if it is:

6 A. talking about the consequences of a situation that is likely to happen
B. talking about an imaginary situation that is unlikely to happen
C. talking about an imagined past situation that did not actually take place
a) If I were a king, I would throw you in the dungeon. __B__
b) If it rained, you would get wet. __A__
c) If she hadn't got a job in London, she would have been working in Paris. __C__
85
d) If she fell, she would hurt herself. ______
e) If I won the lottery, I would buy a car. ______
f) If he had said that to me, I would have run away. ______
g) If you had called me, I would have come. ______
h) We wouldn't be in this mess now, if you had won the lucky draw. ______
i) You will pass your exam, if you work hard. ______
7 T H E M A T C H M A K E R - Match the if-clause with the statement.
a) If you don't hurry, 1 I would be working in Italy.

If I had a million he would probably tell us to
b) 2
dollars, stop changing the climate.
I would give it away to all
c) I wouldn't do that 3
my friends.
d) If I spoke Italian, 4 you will get wet.
e) If it rains today, 5 if I were you.
f) If I had accepted that 6 I would have been working

promotion, in Milan.
If this
g) 7 you will miss the train.
penguin could talk,
86
8 I D E N T I F Y – Below are some more conditional statements. Remember that a
present conditional talks about the consequences of a situation that is likely to
happen. A hypothetical conditional talks about an imaginary situation that is
unlikely to happen. A past perfect conditional talks about an imagined past
situation that did not actually take place.
a) If Poha is late again, I will be mad.

Talks about:
✓ consequences that are likely → ✓ present conditional
unlikely imaginary situation → hypothetical conditional
imagined past that did not take place → past perfect conditional
b) If I were the president, I would decrease taxes.

Talks about:
consequences that are likely → present conditional
✓ unlikely imaginary situation → ✓ hypothetical conditional
c) If I had taken the job, I would be very wealthy.

Talks about:
d) If only I had been more careful with my money, I wouldn’t owe so many people.
Talks about:
e) I would surf all day long, if I didn’t have a family to support.

Talks about:
87
f) If we had bought more food, we would not be going hungry.
Talks about:
g) She would be happier, if she hadn’t fought with her friends.

Talks about:
h) If I spend too much time in the sun, I will get burned.

Talks about:
I S o r I S N O T – If the sentence describes an activity that has not yet occurred

9 and may not occur at all, it is a subjunctive sentence. Subjunctive sentences
are used to express a wish that cannot be fulfilled or to express requests and
intentions.
a) If only I could take back my words. x Is Is not

x Event has not yet occurred and may not occur at all
x Expresses a wish that cannot be fulfilled
Expresses a request or intention
b) He has left. Is Is not x
Event has not yet occurred and may not occur at all
Expresses a wish that cannot be fulfilled
c) If only the door were unlocked. Is Is not
88
d) Turn left at the traffic light. Is Is not
e) He suggests that Lizzi go to the doctor. Is Is not
f) Turn the chicken once when cooking. Is Is not
g) The report recommends that he face the court. Is Is not
h) It was suggested that he wait until morning. Is Is not

V E R B S – When expressing a wish that cannot be fulfilled, we use the simple

10
past tense of the verb. Choose a verb from the verb bank to change the verb
from the simple present to the simple past in each sentence. Underline the
simple past tense verb in the subjunctive sentence.
were knew could had

weren’t spoke attended were
a) I wish it is winter now. → I wish it were winter now.
b) I wish I has a sister to play and share my things with. → I wish I had a
sister to play and share my things with.
89
c) If only I know about his restaurant earlier! →
d) If only I attend the craft lesson yesterday. →
e) I wish it is Monday. →
f) If only I can ski! →
g) I wish it isn’t raining. →
h) I wish I speak French. →
T H E B A R E I N F I N I T I V E – The bare infinitive form of a verb is used when

11 expressing requests and intentions in the subjunctive form.
Infinitives with to are referred to specifically as to-infinitives, in order to

distinguish them from bare infinitives, in which to is absent:
E.g. To-infinitive: Help me to open the gate.
Bare infinitive: Help me open the gate.
In the sentences below, take out the word to to create the bare infinitive form
of the verb. Cross out the word for and replace it with that. Now you have
created the subjunctive form!
a) It is vital for everybody to get there before the examination begins.

It is vital that everybody get there before the examination begins.
b) It is desirable for Mr Hanson to hand in his resignation.

It is desirable that Mr Hanson hand in his resignation.
c) It is important for you to be at home when the lawyers arrive.
90
d) It is essential for the car to be waiting at the airport.
e) It is imperative for products to be tested carefully.
f) I suggest for your cousin to apply at once.
g) Carl was injured last week, and the doctor recommended for him
to not play in the next match. (Hint: Change him to he.)
h) You requested for him to leave. (Hint: Change him to he.)
12 T H E M A T C H M A K E R - Match the verb forms to their bare infinitive verbs.
a) It is recommended 1 that I exercise weekly.

that he eat an apple each
b) It is essential 2
day.
c) It is best 3 that the peasant be freed.
d) Jhus’s mother 4 you will get wet.

insists
that you learn about the
e) It is important 5
world.
f) The king demanded 6 that you go home soon.
g) The doctor suggests 7 that we recycle all plastic

goods.
91
D E C I D E – Conditional sentences are made up of two clauses which show a cause
13
and effect relationship. They talk about consequences of a situation, imaginary
situations that are unlikely to happen and imagined past situations that could
have happened, but didn’t.
Subjunctive sentences describe an activity or event that has not occurred and
may not occur at all. They express wishes that cannot be fulfilled and requests
and intentions.
Read the sentences below and decide if they are C for conditional sentences or S
for subjunctive sentences.
a) If Pemba isn’t careful, she will burn herself. x C S
b) I wish we could go back in time. C S x
c) Your doctor recommended that you take up

C S
running for your health.
d) If only it weren’t time for school! C S
e) You will get in trouble if you play with the S

C
school bell.
f) I would run the country fairly if I were the C S

president.
g) If I had run more last month, I would be fitter C S

now.
h) It is best that I listen to my mom. C S
92
Complete the conditional sentences by filling in the blanks with the appropriate
14
word from the word bank.
do not
fail study
If surfing pass
a) _____ you get acid in your eye, wash it out very quickly.
b) If we could go back, I would go ___________ on the waves of Golden Beach.
c) If I _________ hard, I will _______________ the course.
d) I will _______________ the course if I _______________ study hard.
Complete the subjunctive sentences by filling in the blanks with the appropriate
word from the word bank.
were do would
that pass
a) If I __________ you, I would phone him.
b) The teacher insisted that he _____ the homework again.
c) She insisted ______ Jo be at the meeting.
d) If you were rich, where __________ you spend your holiday?
93
super
R I G H T O R W R O N G ? - Read the sentences and decide if they are conditional

15 or subjunctive sentences by circling C or S. Then put a next to correct
sentences and a next to wrong sentences. Write the correct sentence in case
of a wrong one.
a) If I had been successful in my campaign, we would be rich. C / S
b) The board recommended for the law to be passed. C / S
c) I wouldn’t be here if I had never met you. C / S
d) If I am late to school, I will get detention. C / S
e) If I don’t do my homework, the teacher yells. C / S
f) You had better to ask your mom about that. C / S
g) He said it was essential for Smarty to guard the box. C / S
h) I might be hungry if I were a one ton bear. C / S
T R U E O R F A L S E ? - Read the facts about conditional and subjunctive

16 sentences. If the fact is true, write true in the blank. If it is false, change the
underlined word so that it is true.
a) There are two types of conditional sentences. ___________________

b) The past perfect conditional talks about an imagined past situation that could
have happened but did not take place. ___________________
c) I made him go is a subjunctive sentence which uses the bare infinitive form of
the verb. ___________________
d) The bare infinitive is used without to after had better, sooner than and would
rather. ___________________
e) The bare infinitive is not used after the verbs will, would, shall, should, may,
might, can, could and must. ___________________
f) Subjunctive can be used to express a wish that can be fulfilled.
___________________
94
C R O S S W O R D ! - Read the clues and solve the crossword on conditional and
17
subjunctive sentences.
Down
2. Describes an activity or event that has
not yet occurred and may not occur at all.
3. The two parts of the conditional sentence
are the ____________ and the main clause.
5. another purpose of subjunctives
8. When expressing a wish, the simple _____
tense of the verb is used.
Across
1. Subjunctive sentences express a ______ that cannot be fulfilled.
3. The past perfect conditional talks about an ____________ situation that could
have happened, but did not take place.
4. The bare ____________ form is used in subjunctives.
6. A conditional sentence that talks about what one would do in an imaginary
situation that is unlikely to happen.
7. The three types of conditional sentences are: _______________, hypothetical and
past perfect conditional.
9. The bare infinitive form of to make
95
F R A M E S E N T E N C E S – Form your own conditional sentence. Remember,
18
the if-clause and main clause can be switched around. Present conditionals
talk about consequences of likely events. Hypothetical conditionals talk
about what one would do in an unlikely imaginary situation. Past perfect
conditionals talk about an imagined past situation that could have happened
but did not take place.
a) Present conditional
b) Hypothetical conditional
c) Past perfect conditional
Now write the conditional of your choice and label it.
d)
96
F R A M E S E N T E N C E S – Form your own subjunctive sentence. Remember,
19 the event or activity you describe has not yet occurred and may not occur at
all. When expressing a wish (remember that it cannot be fulfilled), use the
simple past tense of the verb. Consider starting your sentence with “If only”
or “I wish”. When expressing requests and intentions, use the bare infinitive
form of the verb. Consider starting your sentence with “It is best” or
“_________ recommends”.
a) Wish
b) Request
c) Intention
Now write the subjunctive of your choice and label it.
d)
97
olympiad
Make a poster that summarizes what you have learned about conditional
20
sentences on one side and what you have learned about subjunctive sentences
on the other side. Include the different types of conditional sentences with an
example of each. Your poster must be neat, colorful and well though-out.
21 D I A L O G U E – Read the dialogue below. Observe that there are a variety of

conditional and subjunctive sentences. Underline the subjunctive sentences and
circle the conditional sentences.
NAUGHTY: Ah! Finally school is over for the year. What are your plans,
Smarty?
SMARTY: My holiday wish is that nobody go to Lou's Burritos.
NAUGHTY: Really? Why?
SMARTY: My family loves going there, but I hate it – it’s loud, noisy and big.
NAUGHTY: But if it weren't so big, it wouldn't be nearly so fun.
SMARTY: If only we could go to the Thirsty Whale, I would have the best time.
NAUGHTY: If only we could switch bodies, we would both be happy! I just love
Lou’s Burritos and my family loves going to the Thirsty Whale.
ROXY (Walking up to the pair): Do I hear some holiday plans being discussed? I
was going to recommend that you get a holiday job to earn some extra cash. The
science lab is always looking for budding scientists to check out the unexplored
areas of Planet Spark, you know.
SMARTY (looking interested): I could do that, if my mom and dad agree. How
about you, Naughty?
NAUGHTY: I was going to request that we be allowed to explore Brown Plateau.
SMARTY: Oh yes! If we find a diamond collection, we will never have to work or
go to school again!
ROXY (laughing): As far as I know, there are no diamonds on Brown Plateau. If
you do find some, I’ll be very surprised. I suggest you set your hearts on finding
lots of sand and aloes.
NAUGHTY: Oh boy, I can’t wait.
22 Can you create your own dialogue using as many subjunctive and conditional
sentences as possible? Remember, your dialogue must make sense and have a
natural flow.
98
SHARE
1.
2.
3.
4.
99
ANSWERS
EASY SUPER
2 a) F b) F c) T d) F e) T 15 a) C ✓ b) S x The board recommended
3 a) if-clause b) intentions c) bare d) imagined that the law be passed. c) C ✓ d) C ✓ e) C ✓
e) unlikely f) consequences f) S x You had better ask your mom about
4 a) cause and effect b) subjunctive that. g) S ✓ h) C ✓
c) infinitive d) fulfilled e) present 16 a) three b) true c) true d) true e) is
f) if-clause, comma, main clause g) imaginary f) cannot
h) verb 17 *#8 contains the incorrect number of
blocks – lead the student to the correct
NORMAL answer of past*
5 c) MC: then → wet IC: If → now Down: 2) subjunctive 3) if-clause 5) request
d) MC: then → inside IC: If → door 8) past Across: 1) wish 3) imagined 4)
e) MC: I’ll → taxes IC: if → president infinitive 6) hypothetical 7) present 9)
f) MC: then → wrong IC: If → afternoon make
g) MC: Your → doomed IC: if → afternoon
OLYMPIAD
h) MC: What → do IC: if → you
20 The student must include definitions of
i) MC: Shoot IC: If → them
each concept in his/her own words.
Bonus: True
Examples of each type of conditional must
6 d) A e) B f) C g) C h) C i) A
be present. At least two examples of
7 a) 7 b) 3 c) 5 d) 1 or 6 e) 4 f) 6 or 1 g) 2
subjunctive sentences should be present. 21
8 c) imagined past → p.p.c. d) imagined past →
Subjunctive sentences: My holiday wish is
p.p.c. e) unlikely imaginary situation → h.c. f)
that nobody go to Lou's Burritos… I was
imagined past → p.p.c. g) imagined past →
going to recommend that you get a holiday
p.p.c. h) consequences that are likely → pres. c.
job to earn some extra cash… I was going
9 c) Event has not yet occurred → is d) is not
to request that we be allowed to explore
e) expresses a request or intention → is f) is not
Brown Plateau… I suggest you set your
g) expresses a request or intention → is h) event
hearts on finding lots of sand and aloes.
has not yet occurred; expresses a request or
intention → is Conditional sentences: But if it weren't so
10 c) If only I knew about his restaurant big, it wouldn't be nearly so fun… If only
earlier! d) If only I attended the craft lesson we could go to the Thirsty Whale, I would
yesterday e) I wish it were Monday f) If only I have the best time… If only we could
could ski!
switch bodies, we would both be happy! … I
g) I wish it weren’t raining.
h) I wish I spoke French. could do that, if my mom and dad agree…
11 c) It is important that you be at home when If we find a diamond collection, we will
the lawyers arrive. d) It is essential that the car never have to work or go to school again! …
be waiting at the airport. e) It is imperative If you do find some, I’ll be very surprised.
that products be tested carefully. f) I suggest
22 Hint: Try to think of a topic where two
that your cousin apply at once. g) Carl was
injured last week, and the doctor recommended or three people can contribute to the
that he not play in the next match. h) You discussion. It is a good idea to have an
requested that he leave. expert or older person in the dialogue as
12 Multiple suitable answers for a, b, c, and e. they often make suggestions,
Possible answers: a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 2 e) f) 3 g) 1
recommendations and demands where you
13 c) S d) S e) C f) C g) C h) S 14 a) If b) surfing
c) study... pass d) fail… do not e) were f) do g) can use the subjunctive mood. Challenge
that h) would yourself to create the different types of
conditionals too, and remember to change
the order of the if-clause and main clause
to add variety to your dialogue.
100
TRANSFORMATION OF
SENTENCES
101
SPARK
He is honest.
He is not honest.
Is he not honest?
What form do each of these sentences take?
How was each transformed into a different sentence

without changing its meaning?
s t o e x press a
u
t e n c e s allows
r m a t i o n of s e n
d i f f e r e nt ways!
Transf o y o f
u g h t i n a variet
o
single th
102
EXPLAIN
Hi kids, today we will learn about transforming

sentences. We will review how to identify
sentence form and then learn how to transform
each sentence between those forms.
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to

identify and transform the sentence forms you
have learned about.
1. Transformation of Sentences
DEFINITION
Transforming a sentence occurs when we change the
form of a sentence without changing its meaning.
It is possible to express the same idea or say the same thing in different
sentences:
In spite of being hard up, she gave her children a good education. (simple)
She was hard up but she gave her children a good education. (compound)
Although she was hard up, she gave her children a good education. (complex)
All these sentences say the same thing.
II. Interchanging Exclamatory and Assertive

Sentences
Since exclamatory sentences express strong emotions, their word order is
slightly different from that of assertive sentences.
103
While changing an exclamatory sentence to an assertive one, the
normal word order is restored but some words suggestive of the initial
force of the sentences are added.
1. Exclamatory: What a convincing victory for our team!

Assertive: Our team has scored a very convincing victory!
2. Exclamatory: How noble of him to build this old-age home!
Assertive: It is really noble of him to build this old-age home.
3. Exclamatory: Oh if only that spring were eternal!
Assertive: I really wish that spring were eternal.
III. Interchanging Simple and Complex Sentences

To transform a sentence from simple to complex you must change a word or a
phrase into a clause using a subordinating conjunction like that, who,
which, when, if, although, as, because, etc.
To transform a sentence from complex to simple you must change the

subordinate clause into a word or a phrase.
1. Simple: I was pleased to learn of your promotion.

Complex: I was pleased to learn that you had been promoted.
2. Simple: A lost moment is lost forever.
Complex: A moment that is lost is lost forever.
3. Simple: In spite of not being fully qualified, she got the job.
Complex: Although she was not fully qualified, she got the job.
IV. Interchanging Simple and Compound Sentences

To transform a sentence from simple to compound you must change a word or a
phrase into a clause using a coordinating conjunction like and, but, or, for,
etc.
To transform a sentence from compound to simple you must change a

coordinating clause into a word or a phrase.
1. Simple: Switching off the light, she went to sleep.

Compound: She switched off the light and went to sleep.
2. Simple: You must give up fast food to lose weight.
Compound: You must give up fast food or you will not lose weight.
3. Simple: He suffered losses on account of being inexperienced.
Compound: He suffered losses for he was inexperienced.
104
PRACTICE
easy
1 T h e M a t c h M a k e r - Match the sentence forms on the left

with their examples:
a) Assertive 1. He is not dishonest.
I believe he is being
b) Interrogative 2.
honest.
c) Imperative 3. Is he not honest?
d) Exclamatory 4. Stop being dishonest!
2 T h e M a t c h M a k e r - Match the sentence forms on the left

with their examples:
Although she was hard

up, she gave her
a) Simple 1.
children a good
education.
In spite of being hard
up, she gave her
b) Compound 2.
children a good
education.
She was hard up but

c) Complex 3. she gave her children
a good education.
105
3 F i l l m e u p - Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word.
a) a sentence occurs when we change the form of a

sentence without changing its meaning.
transforming assertive
b) Since exclamatory sentences express strong emotions, their word

order is slightly different from that of sentences.
transforming assertive
c) To transform a sentence from simple to complex you must change a
word or a phrase into a clause using a subordinating
like that, who, which, when, if, although, as, because, etc.
clause conjunction
d) To transform a sentence from complex to simple you must change the

subordinate into a word or a phrase.
clause conjunction
e) To transform a sentence from simple to compound you must change a

word or a phrase into a clause using a coordinating
like and, but, or, for, etc.
clause conjunction
f) To transform a sentence from compound to simple you must change a

coordinate into a word or a phrase.
clause conjunction
106
normal
4 S E N T E N C E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Underline the major parts in each

exclamatory sentence. Complete the assertive sentence table below:
a) What a convincing victory for our team!
Our team + has scored + a convincing victory.
Major Part Added Suggestive Major Part

Words
b) How noble of him to build this old-age home!
It is really +
Added Suggestive Major Part
Words
c) Oh, if only that spring were eternal!
I really wish +
Words
d) If only I were in my own country!
I really wish that +

Words
107
5 S E N T E N C E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Underline the changeable word
or phrase in each simple sentence. Complete the complex sentence table
below:
(Do not forget to use the past perfect tense.)
a) I was pleased to learn of your promotion.
I was pleased to learn + that + you had been promoted.
Subordinating Clause
Conjunction
b) The man with a black belt is a great judo player.
+ who + +
Conjunction
c) A lost moment is lost forever.
+ that + +
Conjunction
d) In spite of not being fully qualified, she got the job.
Although + +
Conjunction
108
6 S E N T E N C E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Underline the changeable word
or phrase in each simple sentence. Complete the compound sentence
table below:
a) Switching off the light, she went to sleep.
She + switched off the light + and + went to sleep.
Coordinating Clause
Conjunction
b) In spite of bad weather, they succeeded in reaching the top.
+ but +
Coordinating Clause
Conjunction
c) You must give up fast food to lose weight.
+ or +
Coordinating Clause
Conjunction
d) He suffered losses on account of being inexperienced.
+ for +
Coordinating Clause
Conjunction
109
super
7 E X C L A M A T O R Y T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following

sentences from exclamatory to assertive:
a) What a heart-rending story she told!
b) How convincingly she presented her arguments!
c) If only I had heeded my parents’ advice!
d) Alas that childhood should be over so soon!
e) How young and how brilliant!
8 A S S E R T I V E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following sentences

from assertive to exclamatory:
a) It is a pity that so many innocent lives were lost in the accident.
b) I really wish I had not wasted my time so stupidly.
c) Mother Teresa was a very compassionate personality.
d) She listened to my story very patiently.
e) These herbs have a very pleasing aroma.
110
9 S I M P L E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following sentences from
simple to complex using the subordinating conjunctions provided:
a) The school expects you to grow into responsible citizens. (that)
b) All the books required by you are available in the library. (which)
c) It being Sunday, the shops were closed. (because)
d) In spite of getting very little time to practice, they put up a great show.
(although)
e) The news of him losing the election came to us as a big shock. (that)
10 C O M P L E X T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following sentences

from complex to simple:
a) Could you explain to me why I have been punished?
b) I am delighted to learn that you have been selected for an

exchange programme.
c) The speaker, who was a man of great experience, explained the

economic policy of his government.
d) Although he is not very intelligent, he does well by virtue of his

hard work.
e) When I head this news, I rushed to his place.
111
11 S I M P L E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following sentences
from simple to compound:
a) It being foggy, the flight had to be cancelled.
b) In spite of being very knowledgeable, she failed as a teacher.
c) You have to apologize to avoid punishment.
d) The sun having risen, we resumed our journey.
e) Being a man of practical wisdom, Akbar succeeded as a king.
12 C O M P O U N D T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Change the following sentences

from compound to simple:
a) She continued her dance for she found the audience very appreciative.
b) The umpires found the light poor and decided to call off the match.
c) He is Japanese by birth but he speaks Hindi fluently.
d) The judge found the charges frivolous and acquitted him.
e) I have read this poem at least three times but I have not understood it.
112
olympiad
13 M I X E D T R A N S F O R M A T I O N – Fill in the boxes with the correct

sentence forms then transform them:
a) Oh, if I were a bird!
Exclamatory Assertive
b) It was very generous of him to sponsor my brother’s higher

education.
c) I shall take care of you as long as you stay with me.
d) My. Munjal, the head of the English Department, is on leave for a

week.
113
e) He will study biology for he wants to become a doctor.
f) But for your help, I could not have completed the project on time.
114
SHARE
1.
2.
3.
4.
115
ANSWERS
EASY 12. Answers may vary but are

correct so long as the sentence
1. a) 1 is a simple sentence.
b) 3
c) 2 OLYMPIAD
d) 4
13. Fill in the boxes with the
2. a) 1 correct sentence forms then
b) 2
transform them:
c) 3
3. a) Transforming
b) Assertive
c) Conjunction
d) Clause
e) Conjunction
f) Clause
SUPER
7. a) She told a heart-rending
story.
b) She presented her
arguments convincingly.
c) I should have heeded my
parents’ advice
d) Childhood should be over
soon.
e) He is young and brilliant.
8. a) What a pity that so many
innocent lives were lost in
the accident!
b) Alas that I did not waste
my time so stupidly!
c) Such a compassionate
person was Mother Teresa!
d) She was very patient when
listening to my story!
e) Such a pleasing aroma
comes from these herbs!
9. Answers may vary but are
can be split into two sentences
and still make sense.
10. a) Explain why I have been
punished.
b) You have been selected for
an exchange programme.
c) The speaker explained the
economic policy of his
government.
d) He does well by virtue of
his hard work.
e) I rushed to his place.
11. Answers may vary but are
is a compound sentence.
116
YOU ARE AWESOME
Congratulations on completing
another successful saga Captain!
117
Copyright @ 2017-18 Winspark Innovations Learning Pvt Ltd.
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the
permission of Winspark Innovations. Learning.

Grade 7 Sentences

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Grade 7 Sentences

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SIMPLE COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES PAGE 4

DECLARATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND

EXISTENTIAL, NEGATIVE, AND EXCLAMATORY

CONDITIONAL AND SUBJECTIVE SENTENCES PAGE 76

TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES PAGE 102

Jenny is leaving! Simple!

Mom gave Jenny a hug and

While mom gave Jenny a hug,

Compound! Jonathon put the picture in an envelope,

After Jenny left, he mailed it to her new

So what does all this mean?

Hi kids, today we will learn about sentence

We can drive or take a Since we are running late,

There are three main sentence structures:

Sentences can be formed in the following ways:

1 The simplest sentence contains a subject and an intransitive verb.

2 A simple sentence can be made longer by adding an adverbial.

subject + verb + adverbial

• Sabrina sings beautifully.

subject + verb + direct object

• Jonathan drew a picture.

subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

• Jonathan drew his mother a picture.

5 Sometimes, the positions of the direct and indirect object can

subject + verb + direct object + preposition + indirect object

• Jonathan drew a picture for his mother.

Compound sentences are formed in the following way:

independent clause + connector + independent clause

The dog is growling at the cat. The cat remains undaunted.

A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.

Complex sentences are generally formed in the following way:

independent clause + dependent clause

• The policewoman asked the thief where he had

Complex sentences can be formed with different types of dependent

independent clause + comparison clause

• Jason can jump higher than Michael.

independent clause + relative clause

• This is the German Shepherd that bit me.

A dependent clause can be placed in the middle or at the end of

A complex sentence can be formed with an adverbial clause.

independent clause + adverbial clause

• Francis paid the bill after his dad finished

adverbial clause + , + independent clause

• Although Ben is short-sighted, he does not

Simple sentences VS Compound

2 Fill in the concept box below for complex sentences.

Definition (in your own words) Characteristics/Facts

WAYS TO FORM SENTENCES

a) Pemba sang her mom a song.

c) Pemba sang a song to her mom.

d) Pemba sings wonderfully.

e) Pemba sang a song.

F i l l m e u p - Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word.

words letters rules

b) There are three main sentence types: , compound and

c) An independent clause is made up of a subject and a

preposition verb direct object

intransitive verb compound verb modal verb

e) An describes a verb, adjective or another adverb.

preposition noun adverb

f) A verb that is followed by an object is called a verb.

transitive proper real

nontransitive ditransitive monotransitive

h) A sentence must have a direct object in order for there to be an

compound subject preposition indirect object

5 M A T C H ! - Match the definitions to the term they define.