History of television

By the late 1920s,the employing only optical and electronic technologies were being
explored. All modern television systems rely on the latter, although the knowledge gained
from the work on electromechanical systems was crucial in the development of fully
electronic television.

American family watching TV, 1958

The first images transmitted electrically were sent by early mechanical fax machines,
including the pantelegraph, developed in the late nineteenth century. The concept of
electrically powered transmission of television images in motion was first sketched in
1878 as the telephonoscope, shortly after the invention of the telephone. At the time, it
was imagined by early science fiction authors, that someday that light could be
transmitted over wires, as sounds were.

The idea of using scanning to transmit images was put to actual practical use in 1881 in
the pantelegraph, through the use of a pendulum-based scanning mechanism. From this
period forward, scanning in one form or another has been used in nearly every image
transmission technology to date, including television. This is the concept of
"rasterization", the process of converting a visual image into a stream of electrical pulses.

In 1884 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a 23-year old university student in Germany, patented the
first electromechanical television system which employed a scanning disk, a spinning
disk with a series of holes spiraling toward the center, for rasterization. The holes were
spaced at equal angular intervals such that in a single rotation the disk would allow light
to pass through each hole and onto a light-sensitive selenium sensor which produced the
electrical pulses. As an image was focused on the rotating disk, each hole captured a
horizontal "slice" of the whole image.

Nipkow's design would not be practical until advances in amplifier tube technology
became available. The device was only useful for transmitting still "halftone" images—
represented by equally spaced dots of varying size—over telegraph or telephone lines.
[citation needed]
Later designs would use a rotating mirror-drum scanner to capture the image
and a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a display device, but moving images were still not
possible, due to the poor sensitivity of the selenium sensors. In 1907 Russian scientist
Boris Rosing became the first inventor to use a CRT in the receiver of an experimental
television system. He used mirror-drum scanning to transmit simple geometric shapes to
the CRT.[3]

Typical modern plasma-screen television set.

Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette
images in London in 1925, and of moving, monochromatic images in 1926. Baird's
scanning disk produced an image of 30 lines resolution, just enough to discern a human
face, from a double spiral of lenses.[4] This demonstration by Baird is generally agreed to
be the world's first true demonstration of television, albeit a mechanical form of
television no longer in use. Remarkably, in 1927 Baird also invented the world's first
video recording system, "Phonovision": by modulating the output signal of his TV
camera down to the audio range, he was able to capture the signal on a 10-inch wax audio
disc using conventional audio recording technology. A handful of Baird's 'Phonovision'
recordings survive and these were finally decoded and rendered into viewable images in
the 1990s using modern digital signal-processing technology.[5]

In 1926, Hungarian engineer Kálmán Tihanyi designed a television system utilizing fully
electronic scanning and display elements, and employing the principle of "charge
storage" within the scanning (or "camera") tube.[6][7][8][9]

By 1927, Russian inventor Léon Theremin developed a mirror drum-based television

system which used interlacing to achieve an image resolution of 100 lines.[10]
Also in 1927, Herbert E. Ives of Bell Labs transmitted moving images from a 50-aperture
disk producing 16 frames per minute over a cable from Washington, DC to New York
City, and via radio from Whippany, New Jersey.[citation needed] Ives used viewing screens as
large as 24 by 30 inches (60 by 75 centimeters). His subjects included Secretary of
Commerce Herbert Hoover.[citation needed]

In 1927, Philo Farnsworth made the world's first working television system with
electronic scanning of both the pickup and display devices,[11] which he first demonstrated
to the press on 1 September 1928.[11][12]

The first practical use of television was in Germany. Regular television broadcasts began
in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were broadcast to
television stations in Berlin and Leipzig where the public could view the games live.[13]

In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of plasma television, the first flat panel
system.[14][15]

Mexican inventor Guillermo González Camarena also played an important role in early
television. His experiments with television (known as telectroescopía at first) began in
1931 and led to a patent for the "trichromatic field sequential system" color television in
1940,[16] as well as the remote control.[citation needed]

Although television was first introduced to the general public at the 1939 World's Fair,
the outbreak of World War II prevented it from being manufactured on a large scale until
after the end of the war. True regular commercial network television programming did
not begin in the U.S. until 1948. During that year, legendary conductor Arturo Toscanini
made his first of ten TV appearances conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra, and
Texaco Star Theater, starring comedian Milton Berle, became television's first gigantic
hit show.
the age of black-white television

1946-1955

Televison 5 inch in 1939, only be regarded as a spare part of the radio

Sharp TV3-14T, cost175.000 yen, was regarded as the first Japanese TV to appear in
market field of vision

Sony TV8-301, (1956-1965)

Chiếc tivi đen trắng xách tay đầu tiên trên thế giới, hoàn toàn sử dụng transistor được
Sony chế tạo thành công vào năm 1960.
Sony KV-1310, the first TV Trinitron

1976-2000
Modern Tv