Concise Chemistry Part II - Selina Solution for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds -

Hydrogen Chloride Page/Excercise 1

Solution 1

a. Laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas:

b. Balanced equation for the reaction:

c. The drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas is conc. sulphuric acid.

d. Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry
hydrogen chloride gas because they react with hydrogen chloride.

Solution 2

(a) Anhydrous HCl is poor conductor due to the absence of ions in it whereas aqueous HCl is excellent
conductor since it contains ions.
(b) When the stopper is opened HCl gas comes in contact with water vapors of air and gives white fumes
due to the formation of hydrochloric acid.

(c) A solution of HCl in water gives hydronium ions and conducts electricity, but HCl is also soluble in dry
toluene, but in that case it neither (i) turns blue litmus red (ii) nor does conducts electricity. This
indicates the absence of H+ ions in toluene showing thereby that hydrogen chloride is a covalent
compound.

(d) When ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of HCl, dense white fumes are formed due to
the formation of ammonium chloride.

HCl + NH4OH NH4Cl + H2O

(e) Dry hydrogen chloride is not acidic whereas moist Hydrogen chloride is acidic. In presence of a drop
of water HCl gas dissolves in water and forms hydrochloric acid which turns blue litmus paper red.

(f) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water as it is highly soluble in water.

Solution 3

(a) Hydrochloric acid is prepared by this method.

(b) The reactants are sodium chloride and Sulphuric acid.

(c) The empty flask acts as Anti-Suction device. In case the back suction occurs the water will collect in it
and will not reach the generating flask.

(d) The drying agent is Conc. Sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is chosen as drying agent because it does not
react with HCl.

(e) The Inverted funnel :

Prevents or minimizes back suction of water.

Provides a large surface area for absorption of HCl gas.

Solution 4(a)

i. The experiment is the fountain experiment and is used to demonstrate solubility.

ii. The colour of the water that has entered the round-bottomed flask is red.

Solution 4(b)

When hydrogen chloride is collected by downward delivery or upward displacement, it shows that it is
heavier than air.

Solution 5
a. Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride.

b. Dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond 22.2% because molecules
of HCl(g) get mixed with water vapour.

Solution 6

We can prove that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine by the following experiment.

Take a voltameter used for electrolysis of water, fitted with platinum cathode and graphite anode.

Into the voltameter pour 4 molar HCl and pass direct current.

It is seen that a colourless gas is evolved at cathode and a greenish gas is evolved at anode.

When a burning splinter is brought near a colourless gas, it bursts into flame thereby proving that it is
hydrogen gas.

When moist starch iodide paper is held in the greenish yellow gas, it turns blue black, thereby proving
that the gas is chlorine.

2HCl ? H2 + Cl2

This experiment proves that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine.

Solution 7

(a) Manganese dioxide

(b) Hydrogen chloride and ammonia

(c) Hydrogen and oxygen

(d) AgCl(Silver chloride)

(e) Aqua regia

(f) Fountain experiment

(g) Hydrogen chloride gas

Solution 8

A is Silver nitrate

B is Hydrochloric acid
C is Silver chloride

Solution 9

(a) NH4OH + HCl NH4Cl + H2O

(b) NaHSO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + SO2

(c) Pb(NO3)2 +2HCl PbCl2 +2HNO3

(d) Pb3O4 + 8HCl 3PbCl2 +4H2O +Cl2

(e) Zn+ 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

(f) Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2

Solution 10

a. Sodium carbonate on treating with dil.HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride with the
liberation of carbon dioxide gas.

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ↑

Sodium sulphite on treating with dil.HCl results in the formation of sodium chloride with the liberation
of sulphurdioxide gas.

Na2SO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 ↑

b. Sodium thiosulphate reacts with dil. HCl to produce sulphur dioxide gas and precipitates
yellow sulphur.

Na2S2O3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 + S↓

Sulphur is not precipitated when sulphites are treated with dil.HCl.

Solution 11

Three tests are:

HCl gas gives thick white fumes of ammonium chloride when glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is
held near the vapours of the acid.

NH3 + HCl NH4Cl

With silver nitrate HCl gives white precipitate of silver chloride. The precipitate is insoluble in nitric acid
but soluble in ammonium hydroxide.
AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3

A greenish yellow gas is liberated when concentrated hydrochloric acid is heated with oxidizing agent
like manganese dioxide.

MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 +2H2O + Cl2

Solution 12

MnO2, PbO2 and red lead react with conc. HCl acid to liberate Cl2. This shows that hydrochloric acid is
oxidized to chlorine by oxidizing agents.

Solution 13

When hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, hydrochloric acid is formed. The covalent compound
ionises in water because of its polar nature and it can conduct electricity.

Hydrogen chloride gas is soluble in toluene, but there is an absence of H3O+ in toluene, so it does
not ionise the gas; thus, it cannot conduct electricity.

Solution 14(a)

Conversion of metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using dil. HCl:

(i)

(ii)

Solution 14(b)

A mixture having three parts of conc. hydrochloric acid and one part of conc. nitric acid gives nascent
chlorine.

Solution 15

S.No. Substances added Gas evolved Odour

1.

Carbon dioxide

Odourless

Calcium carbonate

2.

Hydrogen

3. Odourless

Magnesium ribbon

Cl2 Strong Pungent odour

1. Manganese(IV) oxide with heating

Sodium sulphide Hydrogen sulphide Rotten egg

Solution 16

A mixture having three parts of conc. Hydrochloric acid and one part of conc. Nitric acid is called aqua-
regia.

Nitric acid acts as oxidizing agent.

Solution 17

Equations for the reactions of hydrochloric acid on

a. silver nitrate solution

b. magnesium foil

c. caustic soda solution

d. zinc carbonate

e. manganese (IV) oxide

f. copper oxide

Solution 18

NaCl + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2

HCl + NH3 NH4Cl

PbO2 + 4HCl PbCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

Solution 19

(i) Fe +2HCl FeCl2 +H2

(ii) NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2

(iii) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S

(iv) Na2SO3 +2HCl 2NaCl + H2O +SO2

(v) Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 +S

Solution 2010

a. Aqua regia is a mixture of Concentrated hydrochloric acid [3 parts] and concentrated nitric acid [1
part].

b. Silver nitrate solution will give a white ppt. when added to dil. hydrochloric acid and no change will be
observed when added to dil. nitric acid.

c. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia gas.

Solution 2011

a. Hydrogen chloride gas being highly soluble in water is dried by conc. sulphuric acid.

b. Balanced chemical equations:

i. Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid:

ii. Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:

c.

i. Diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas in water:

ii. Such an arrangement is necessary to prevent back suction of water into the apparatus and it provides
a large surface area for dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas.
iii. Balanced chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas:

Solution 2012

a. Aqua regia contains one part by volume of conc. nitric acid and three parts by volume of conc.
hydrochloric acid.

b. Because HCl undergoes a chemical reaction with quicklime.

2HCl + CaO → CaCl2 + H2O

c. Balanced equation for the reaction of conc. hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate solution:

d. Balanced equations with conditions for the following conversions:

i. Sodium chloride → Hydrogen chloride

ii. Hydrogen chloride → Iron (II) chloride

iii. Hydrogen chloride → Ammonium chloride

iv. Hydrogen chloride → Lead chloride

Solution 2013

a. i. When potassium sulphite is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, sulphur dioxide gas is evolved.
 ii. When concentrated hydrochloric acid is made to react with manganese dioxide, chlorine gas is
evolved.

b. i. Hydrogen sulphide gas is evolved which has the smell of rotten eggs.

ii. A white precipitate of silver chloride is formed which is soluble in ammonium hydroxide.

Solution 2014

a. Quicklime is not used to dry HCl gas because CaO is alkaline.

b. Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide:

c. Dilute HCl is added to sodium carbonate crystals:

Sodium carbonate crystals on reaction with dilute HCl form sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide
gas, whichis evolved with brisk effervescence. This is a neutralisation reaction because sodium
carbonate is a basic salt, while hydrochloric acid is an acid. The chemical equation for this reaction is as
follows:

d.

i. The gas is HCl (hydrogen chloride) gas.

ii. The extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas is demonstrated by the fountain experiment.

iii. Another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment is
ammonia gas.