1. OBSERVATION (Pemerhatian): What you can see in the question?

Is it a statement @ graph @ table?

If there are more than 2 diagram, you must state
the Comparison (Perbandingan).

(Alasan) ( Sebab) (Pernyataan tentang

2. INFERENCE (Inferens) = Reason / Cause / Statement based on
Observation Pemerhatian)

If there is Comparison Observation( Pemerhatian perbandingan), the

Inference also must be Comparison Inference (Inferens perbandingan).

How to answer?:

OBSERVATION…….because……INFERENCE.

Examples: 1. Sarah got 5A because she study hard.

2. The cow dies because do not get enough food.
3. Plant X wilted because do not get enough water.
(CO) (CI)
4. Cow A is bigger than cow B because get more food
compare to cow B

5. A car take a shorter time than a bicycle because the car is

faster compare to bicycle.

6. Nail P will be rusting because get air and water compare to

other nails.

****compare to = berbanding dengan

 * OTHER OBSERVATION = You must state other observation related to
the question.

* OTHER INFERENCE = You must give other reason / cause to the

observation.

Question sentences for OBSERVATION and INFERENCE:

1. What can you observed from the diagram? : Observation

2. What can you say about………? : Observation
3. State the reason/ cause…… : Inference
4. Why……… :Inference
5. Give reason to support observation : Inference

3. VARIABLES = informations in the question.

There are 3 types:
i. MANIPULATED VARIABLE (MV) – What is changed ?
• Factors that affect the result of investigation.
• Key word - DIFFERENT

ii. RESPONDING VARIABLES (RV) – What is measured/observed?

• Results of investigation / Observation
• Key word – MEASURED / OBSERVED / FINAL/ THE END

iii. CONSTANT VARIABLE (CV) - What is kept the same?

• Key word – SAME / SIMILAR / EQUAL

* Use parameter to write variables, example:

Variable Parameter
Plant Types of…, Height of…, Condition of…
Object Size of…, Weight of…, Type of…, Shape of
Force Type of…, Quantity of…
Water Volume of…, Presence of…, Quality of…
Human Height of…, Wieght of…, gender…
Others Time, Number of days…, Amount of, Presence of.
If the question “Give / State two information” :
Write down the MV and RV.

* Information that is tested: RV

* Information that is changed: MV

* Information that is controlled : CV

4. PATTERN / TREND :
How to answer: INCREASE
@ DECREASE
@ NO CHANGE/ SAME

5. PREDICTING : What will happen….look at the pattern, calculate the

answer. Write the correct NUMBER and UNIT.

6. AIM / PURPOSE :
How to answer :
I. To investigate the relationship between …MV… and …RV….
@
II. To study the effect of……MV…… on ……RV……

7. HYPOTHESIS :
How to answer :
I. When the ……MV…… increase / decrease, the ……RV…… will
increase / decrease.
@
II. The more …MV…, the more …RV….
@
III. Different…MV… have / need different …RV….

If the question ask you to make hypothesis based on statements, read the
statement carefully :
• ……MV….. affect ….RV…
• …MV….. influence …RV…
 • …MV…. causes …RV…
• …RV…. depends on ….MV…
• ….RV influenced by ….MV…

**** You must write MV first before RV when writing a hypothesis

9. RELATIONSHIP: The answer is similar/ same with Hypothesis.

How to answer:
I. When the ……MV…… increase / decrease, the ……RV…… will
increase / decrease.
@
II. The more …MV…, the more …RV…
@
III. Different…MV… have / need different …RV…

10. CONCLUSION : What do you understand/find out from question…

How to answer :

A. Similar to Hypothesis and Relationship IF the question have pattern/

trend
I. When the ……MV…… increase / decrease, the ……RV…… will
increase / decrease

B. If related to Science Facts, statements related to Concept of Science,

write a normal answer sentence , example :
i) Rusting needs the presence of air, metal and and water
ii) Acidic substance change the colour of blue litmus to red
colour

11. TABLE , GRAPH and DIAGRAM

If there is a table, a graph or diagram, the MV and RV is stated inside the
table or graph.. BUT it depends on the question, you must read the question
carefully and underline the key words.
Read the question carefully first….

MV RV
 RV

MV

MV
RV

***Semua Tips hanya sebagai

panduan, tak semestinya kena ikut
semua. Bergantung kepada soalan.

Manusia mentadbir,
Tuhan Mentakdir….