Asumsi Perencanaan
- Kehilangan Air = 20 %
- Pemakaian Air di Instalasi = 10 % dari kebutuhan maximum
TUGAS, Buatlah :
1
Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Minum
1. Penduduk 2030
Pt = Po (1 + r)n
= 65.000 x ( 1+0,022)2030-2018
= 65.000 x ( 1+0,022)12
= 65.000 x 1,298406705
= 84.396 jiwa
b) Penduduk Terlayani 45
x 84.396 = 37.978
100
2 Komsumsi
2
A. Perhitungan Bak Prasedimentasi
g : 9.81 m/det2
fs : 2650 kg/m3
fw : 1000 kg/m3
µ : kinematic Viscosity = 1 x10-6 m2/det
SL : 20 – 80 m3/m2/hari
H :2m
d : 1,7 x 10-2 mm = 1,7 x 10 -2.10 -3 = 1,7.10 -5
Vs : Kecepatan pengendapan partikel
𝟏 𝒈 𝒇𝒔−𝒇𝒘
Vs = 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱d2
𝟏𝟖 𝒎 𝒇𝒘
1 9.81 2650−1000
= 18 x 1 x10−6 x x(1,7 x 10-2)2
1000
= 2,6 x 10-4m3/m2/detik
= 22,5 m3/m2/hari.....SL...OK
𝐻
Td = 𝑉𝑠
2
= 2.6 𝑥 10−4 = 7692 detik
Vol.Bak = C = Td x Q
= 1.230.720 L
= 1.230 m3
Dimensi bak, H = 2 m
L:B=4:1
L = 4B
1230
B =√ = √153,75 = 12,39 m3
8
L = 4B = 4 x 12,39 = 49,56 m
H =2m
3
𝑄
Kecepatan Aliran = Vs = 𝐵 𝑋 𝐻
160 𝑥 10−3
= 12,39 𝑥 2
12,39 : 20 = 0,619 m
BxH
Jari-jari Hidrolis (R) = B+2H
12,39 𝑥 2
= 12,39 +2(2)
24,78
= 16,39
= 1,511 m
= 1,52 m
Vs x R
Nre = µ
(6,45 𝑥 10−3)𝑥 1,52
= 1 𝑥 10−6
= 9,804 x 103
𝑉𝑠2
Nfr =𝑔 𝑥 𝑅
(6,45 𝑥 10−3)2
= 9,81 𝑥 1,52
4
Gambar 1. Bak Prasedimentasi
B. Bak Koagulasi
G : 200 – 1000/detik
Td : 30 - 60 detik
Nre > 10.000 Bilangan Reynold
Waktu kontak G x Td = 10.000 – 100.000
160 𝑥 10−3
Diketahui : Q= = 80 x 10-3 m3/detik
2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
Asumsi Td = 30 detik
G = 1000/detik
g = 9,81 m/detik2
f = 1000 kg/m3
µ dinamik = 1 x 10-3 kg/m.detik
µ dinamik = µ kinematik x P
= 1.10-6 x 1.103
= 1.10-3 kg/m/detik
𝐺 2 x µ x 𝑇𝑑 (1000)2 x(1𝑥10−3 )x30
hf = = = 3,06 m - terlalu tinggi
𝑔𝑥𝑓 9,81 𝑥 1000
5
G = 700/detik
(750)2 𝑥 (1.10−3 )𝑥 (30)
= = 1,498 m = 1,5 m
9,81 𝑥 1000
Vol Bak = V = Q x Td
= 0,080 x 30
= 2,4 m3
Dimensi Bak = L = w = 1,25 m
V=LxwxH
1,7 = 1,2 x 1,2 x h
𝑉
H = 𝐿𝑥𝑤
2,4
= 1,25 𝑥 1,25
= 1,53 m
C. Bak Flokulasi
6
Direncanakan 3 bagian bak
G1 = 50/det
G2 = 35/det
G3 = 25/det
Kriteria waktu tinggal ( t ) = 15<t< 30 det
t1 =7 menit
t2 = 7 menit
t3 = 7 menit
t total = 21 menit
Koefisien kekasaran baffle = k = 0,3 -- beton
Panjang bak = 10 m
Jarak antar baffle ≥ 45 cm
Jarak baffle dengan dinding ≥ 60 cm atau 1,5 kali jarak baffle
Kedalaman air, H ≥ 1,0 m
Dynamic Viscosity = µ = 1.10-3 kg/m/detik ( 25°C )
Perhitungan =
Phase I =
G = 50/det
t = 7 menit
0,80
Q= = 0,4 m3/detik
2
7
= 8,5
10 𝑚
6. Jarak tiap baffle = = 1,17 m = 2 m
8,5
= 0,107 m
Phase II =
G = 35 det - 30/detik
t = 7 menit
Jumlah baffle =
2 µt HLQ
n = ((1,44+𝐾 )) ( ( (𝑄 ) ) ∗ 2 ) ∗ 1/3
(2.1.10∗−3 )( 7 𝑥 60 ) ( 30.10.50 )∗2
=( )( (0,4)
) *1/3
1000(1,44+0,3)
= 0,0385 m
Phase III =
G = 25/detik
t = 7 menit
2 µt HLQ
n = ((1,44+𝐾 )) ( ( (𝑄 ) ) ∗ 2 ) ∗ 1/3
8
µt
hL = 𝑓.𝑔 x G2
( 1.10−3 )( 7 𝑥 60 )
= x ( 25 )2
1000 ( 9,81 )
= 0,027 m
Total hL = ( 0,107 + 0,0385 + 0,027 )
= 0,172 m
Panjang bak yang diduduki plate = L1
𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
L1 = panjang bak - 𝑡𝑔 𝛼
1
L1 = 20,5 -
𝑡𝑔 60
1
= 20,5 - 1,73
= 20,5 – 0,57
= 19,93
𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐿1
Jumlah ruang antar plate = n = ( 𝑤+𝑡 )/ sin 𝛼
19,93
n = ( 0,05+0,002 )
𝑠𝑖𝑛60
n = 19,93 /0,0600
= 332
L = lebar bak
maka R = w/2
𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡
Sedangkan kecepatan aliran V0 = 𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡
𝑄
( ) ( 0,105 )
V0 = 𝑛 333
= ( 3,67 )∗0,05 = 2,95 x 10-3
𝐿
( )
𝑤
0,05
𝑉𝑜.𝑅 2,95𝑥10∗−3 ( )
2
Re = = = 73,75 < 500
µ 1 𝑥 10∗−6
𝑉𝑜2 ( 2,95𝑥10∗−3)∗2
Fr = 𝑔 . = 0,05 = 3,62 > 10*-5
𝑅 9,81 ( )
2
9
Gambar 3. Bak Flokulasi
D. Zona Lumpur
Volume Lumpur Total = Volume lumpur + Volume lumpur alum
𝑄. 𝑅 . 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦 . 𝑇𝑑
Volume lumpur ( tiap hari ) = 𝐵𝑗 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
= 38,7 m3
𝑄. 𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 . 𝑇𝑑
Volume lumpur Alum = 𝐵𝑗 𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑚
= 0,41 m3
10
E. FILTRASI
11
Re = 1 / ( 1 – 0,40 ) x ( 0,0107 ) ( 1,2 x 10-3 )/1 x 10-6 = 21,4 ( memenuhi syarat Re >
5)
Kriteria kecepatan backwash = 60 – 80 m/jam
Kecepatan backwash yang dipakai = 60 m/jam
- Penentuan tinggi ekspansi pasir ( Le )
E = Le – L/L
H = ( 1 – Po ) x L x ( Ps-Pw )/Pw = 130 x µ1,2 /g x ( 1 – Po ) 1,3 /Po 3 x Vf 1,2 /d1,8 x L
Vf1,2 = g /130 x µ0,8 x ( Ps – Pw )/Pw x Po3 / (1 – Po )1,8 d1,8
Saat backwash porositas yang dipakai adalah porositas ekspansi P = Pe
981 2650−1000 𝑃𝑒∗3
Vf 1,2 = 130 ( 1 𝑥 10∗−6)∗0,8 x x ( 1−𝑃𝑒 )∗1,8 ( 1,2 x 10-3 ) 1,8
1000
𝑃𝑒∗3
( 1−𝑃𝑒 )∗0,8
= 0,1695
Jadi Pe = 0,47
Selama fluidasasi =
( 1 – P ) L = ( 1 – Pe ) Le
E = Le – L /L
E = 1,13.1 / 1 = 0,13 = 13 %
- Desinfeksi
F. Reservoir :
Kapasitas reservoir asumsi 15 % dari kapasitas produksi perhari
V = ( 15 /100 ) x 0,12 x ( 24x 60 x 60 ) = 1555,2 m3
12
Gambar 4. Sistem Pengolahan Air Minum
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