Apex Learning - Practice Assignment 16/10/19 10:32

5.3.5 Practice: Chemistry at Work Practice

Chemistry Name: Sean Citherlet
Points Possible: 25 Date: 10/16/2019

Question 1: Oxidation States (2.5 points)

a. What is the oxidation state of an element? (1 point)

Oxidation state is the number that is assigned to an element in a chemical
combination and it represents the amount of electrons added or removed
or share when chemically bonding with an atom of anther element.

b. Match the element or group to the rule assigning its oxidation state. (1.5 points)

A. Oxygen
B. Hydrogen
C. Lone elements and atoms in gases
D. Elements with multiple oxidation states
E. Elements in groups 1, 2, and 17 and polyatomic ions

C
C
_____ 0

E Ionic charge
_____

B
_____ +1, – 1 if bonded to a diatomic metal

A Almost always –2
_____

D Determined by other elements in the compound

_____

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Question 2: Redox Reactions (2 points)

a. How can you tell if an element has been oxidized or reduced in a reaction? (1 point)

An oxidation reduction reaction (redox) is when the exchange of electrons between

atoms changes, you look at the atom numbers before and after the reaction, if it’s
number increases in a reaction its oxidation and if decreases its number in a
reaction it is reduced.

b. Determine oxidation states and answer the following questions about the reaction 2Li + 2H2O
2LiOH + H2. (1 point)

Oxidation state of Li in reactant:

In product: 0 = +1

Oxidation state of H in reactant:

In product: +1 = 0, + 1

Oxidation state of O in reactant:

In product: -2 = -2

What type of reaction is this? Is it also a redox reaction? If so, what was oxidized and what was
reduced?

It’s a displacement reaction because Lithium replaced Hydrogen, but not all was
replaced so it’s not a redox reaction not all the Hydrogen was reduced therefore
the hydrogen reduced and Lithium oxidized

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Question 3: Half-Reactions (4 points)

a. What are the half-reactions for the redox reaction CuCl2 + Zn ZnCl2 + Cu? Label the oxidation
reaction and the reduction reaction. (1 point)

CuCl^2 is an oxidizing agent

Zn is a reducing agent so -
Cu + (aq) + 2e = Cu(s) is a reduction reaction
Zn(s) = 2e^- + Zn(aq) is an oxidation reaction

b. What does a reduction potential chart show? What information does it give? (1 point)

Basically it shows the reduction oxidation potential of chemicals and tells us if it has a
negative reduction it will reduce and a positive it will oxidize

c. How is an oxidation half-reaction written using the reduction potential chart? How is the
A half reaction involves loosing electrons that was not
oxidation potential voltage determined? (1 point) originally predicted. The oxidation potential will have
opposite sign than on the chart - A= A^+ + e^-

d. How is the potential (voltage) of a redox reaction determined using the reduction potential
chart? Calculate the voltage for the equation in 3(a). (1 points)

A redox reaction is to add electrons and a reduction potential is to measure the

tendency of the chemical to reduce. it measures the volts (v) - +1:1 v

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Question 4: Balancing Redox Equations (4.5 points)

a. The following reaction takes place in an acidic solution.

MnO4–(aq) + Cl–(aq) Mn2+ + Cl2(g) (unbalanced)

i. Write the reduction and oxidation half-reactions (without electrons). (.5 point)
Firstly, you identify the reduction or oxidation half reactions

Mn0^4 = Mn^2 is a reduction half reaction

Cl^- = Cl^2 is oxidation half reaction

ii. Balance the equations for atoms (except O and H). (.5 point)

Mn0^4 = Mn^2
2Cl^- = Cl^2

iii. Balance the equations for atoms O and H using H2O and H+. (.5 point)

Mn0^4- + Mn^2+ + 4H^20

2Cl^- = Cl^2

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iv. Balance the charge in the half-reactions. (.5 point)

Hydrogen is balanced by adding H^+
Mn0^4- + 8H^+ = Mn^2+ + 4H^20
2Cl^-Cl^2 - need to add electrons
= Mn0^4- + 8H^+ + 5e^- = Mn^2+ + 4H^20
2Cl^- = Cl^2 + 2e^-

v. Multiply each half-reaction by the proper number to balance charges in the reaction. (.5
point)

Number of electrons are made equal

2Mn0^4- + 16H^- + 10e^- = 2Mn^2+ + 8H^20
10 Cl^- = 5Cl^2 + 10e^-

vi. Add the equations and simplify to get a balanced equation. (.5 point)

Then half reactions are added and the same terms cancelled.
2Mn0^4- + 16H^+ + 10Cl^- = 2Mn^2+ + 8H^20 _ 5Cl^12 + 10 e^-
2Mn0^4- + 16 H^+ + 10 Cl^- = 2Mn^2+ 8H^20 + 5 Cl^2

b. Assume a reaction takes place in a basic solution to form the given products:

MnO4–(aq) + Cl–(aq) MnO2(s) + Cl2(g) (unbalanced)

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MnO4–(aq) + Cl–(aq) MnO2(s) + Cl2(g) (unbalanced)

i. Balance the given half-reactions for atoms and charge. (.5 point)

MnO4– + H2O MnO2 + OH–

Cl– Cl2

Mn0^2 = Mn0^4 - reduction

Cl^2 = Cl^0 - oxidation

ii. Multiply to balance the charges in the reaction. (.5 point)

2H^20 + Mn0^2 = Mn0^4 = Mn0^4- +4H +3e^-

2e^- + CL^2 = 2cl^-

iii. Add the equations and simplify to get a balanced equation. (.5 point)

80H^- + 2Mn0^2 + 3Cl^2 = 2Mn0^4- + 6Cl^- + 4H^20

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Question 5: Galvanic Cell (3 points)

a. Give an example of a galvanic cell. What kind of reaction occurs in a galvanic cell? (1 point)

A Galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that obtains electrical energy from a

redox reaction almost like batteries. Its a redox reaction. A battery is a great
example of one as they are made of one or more voltaic cells and they go flat
when almost all of their reactants have been converted to products
transforming their chemical potential energy into electrical engergy.

b. If one electrode in a galvanic cell is made of zinc (Zn) and one is made of silver (Ag), which
metal would be the cathode and which would be the anode? Explain your answer. (1 point)

Zn : oxidized (anode)
Ag : reduced (cathode)
Silver (Ag) ions are being reduced and gains electrons so it’s a cathode and zinc
(Zn) releases electrons and oxidation happens so its an anode.

c. Write the standard cell notation for a galvanic cell with a silver cathode and a zinc anode. (1
point)

Zn(s) = Zn^2(aq) + 2e^- (oxidation at anode)

Ag(aq) + e^- = Ag(s) reduction at cathode
Zn(s) + Ag(aq) = Zn + 2(aq) + Ag(s)

Question 6: Electrolytic Cell (3 points)

a. What kind of reaction occurs in an electrolytic cell? What characterizes its voltage? (1 point)

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A current passes through a cell by an external voltage causing a chemical

reaction to occur. An anode is the electrode when oxidation occurs and
the cathode is the electrode for a reduction half reaction. It converts
chemical energy into electrical energy.

b. What makes an electrolytic cell work? Name two applications of electrolytic cells. (1 point)

Spontaneous chemical reactions that drive an electric current through an

external circuit are electrolytic cells.
Electrolysis which decompose chemical compounds and Electroplating is
the coating of an electrically charged object with a layer of metal using an
electric current are two examples of electrolytic cells.

c. If a piece of jewelry were electroplated with gold for 25 seconds at 1.5 A, how many grams of
gold would be plated?

(Note: 1 A = 6.241 1018 e–/s. The reaction for the reduction of gold ions to gold metal is Au+ +
1e– Au(s).) (1 point)

mol of gold = (96500/3) = (1.5 x 25)(96500 x 3) = 10^-4

mol mass of gold = 1.3 x 10^-4
mol x 197g/mol = 0.0255g = 25.5 m

Question 7: Stoichiometry (3 points)

a. How is stoichiometry used to calculate amounts of substances in a chemical reaction? (1 point)

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Stoichiometry studies the amounts of substances that are involved with

reactions, its all about the numbers. Mass of reactants, mass of products,
chemical equations, molecular weight and formulas.

b. Use the balanced equation to answer the following questions. (2 points)

CuSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)

i. What is the ratio of moles of CuSO4 to moles of NaOH? (.5 point)

2 mol Na0H: 1 mol CuSo^4

ii. If 638.44 g CuSO4 reacts with 240.0 NaOH, which is the limiting reagent? (.5 point)

n(CuS0^4) = 638.44g/159.62g/mol = 4 mol

n(Na0H) = 240g/40g/mol - 6 mol
Therefore, Na0H is the limiting agent because it has more and there is not
enough of the other agent.

iii. Use the limiting reagent to determine how many grams of Cu(OH)2 should precipitate out in
the reaction. (.5 point) 205 g Cu(0H)^2
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the reaction. (.5 point)

iv. If only 174.6 g of Cu(OH)2 precipitate were actually collected from the reaction, what would
the percent yield be? (.5 point)

Percentage yield = (mass of actual yield/mass of theoretical yield) x 100%

(174.6/205) x 100 = 85.1%

Question 8: Scientific Themes (3 points)

a. What does matter have to do with chemistry? How are forces involved? (.5 point)

Matter is made up of substances called elements and always have

chemical and physical properties, chemistry is the study of matter. Forces
act within molecules and include dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, van der waals
are examples of this.

b. How do chemists use systems and order in their work? (.5 point)

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Chemists search and use knowledge about chemicals, they develop

processes to save energy or reduce pollution, they work in laboratories
and need quality control, data to record findings, sheets, experiments and
need scientific methods to everything they do to test their theories,
answer the questions they have for other people to understand.

c. How do atoms demonstrate unity and diversity at the same time? (.5 point)

Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons and don’t really have a
defined shape. In order to demonstrate unity and diversity you need to
understand the atom itself.

d. How are models used in chemistry? How does evidence change these models? (.5 point)

A model is a representation of an idea, object and process of something that

can’t be experienced directly. They help explain complex data as a hypothesis
and models are central in the process of knowledge or gaining knowledge for
building in science. Evidence will change them as theories or “rightness” of the
model and they need to be modified because of this.

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e. How do structure and function affect how molecules work? (.5 point)

The shape of a molecule is important to its function and

determines what it does.

f. How are both stability and change seen in properties of elements? (.5 point)

They are seen on the periodic table because it lays out the
elements row by row and column by column.

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