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  • Lecture 1 PDF

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    Sachin singh
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    This document provides an introduction to machine learning. It defines machine learning as the study of computer algorithms that can improve automatically through experience. Machine learning tasks include classification, regression, clustering, and recommendation systems. Algorithms are evaluated based on their performance on a task with experience, defined as a triplet of performance metric, learning task, and type of data. The document outlines the history of machine learning from the 1950s to today and discusses recent progress in areas like computer vision, speech recognition, and game playing.

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    This document provides an introduction to machine learning. It defines machine learning as the study of computer algorithms that can improve automatically through experience. Machine learning tasks include classification, regression, clustering, and recommendation systems. Algorithms are evaluated based on their performance on a task with experience, defined as a triplet of performance metric, learning task, and type of data. The document outlines the history of machine learning from the 1950s to today and discusses recent progress in areas like computer vision, speech recognition, and game playing.

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    53 tayangan11 halaman

    Lecture 1 PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Sachin singh
    This document provides an introduction to machine learning. It defines machine learning as the study of computer algorithms that can improve automatically through experience. Machine learning tasks include classification, regression, clustering, and recommendation systems. Algorithms are evaluated based on their performance on a task with experience, defined as a triplet of performance metric, learning task, and type of data. The document outlines the history of machine learning from the 1950s to today and discusses recent progress in areas like computer vision, speech recognition, and game playing.

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    dari 11

    Machine Learning: An Introduction

    Dr. Jainendra Shukla


    jainendra@iiitd.ac.in
    B-501, R & D Block
    Computer Science and Engineering
    What is ML?

    ● Brains vs. Computers

    ● Term “Machine Learning” coined by Arthur


    Samuel in 1959.
    ○ Samuel Checkers-playing Program

    ● Common definition (by Tom Mitchell)

    ○ Machine Learning is the study of computer


    algorithms that improve automatically
    through experience
    More details

    ● Study of algorithms that


    ○ improve their performance P
    ○ at some task T
    ○ with experience E

    ● Well-defined learning task: <P,T,E>


    Task (T)

    ● Classification or Pattern Recognition


    ● Regression or Prediction
    ● Density Estimation
    ● Clustering
    ● Synthesis or Sampling
    ● Ranking
    ● Recommendation Systems
    ● Anomaly Detection/ Data Mining etc.
    Performance (P)
    ● A quantitative measure to evaluate performance
    ○ Usually Task specific
    ● Classification
    ○ Accuracy or Error Rate
    ○ = (TP+TN)/(TP+FP+FN+TN)

    ● Regression
    ○ Error measure such as ‘mean squared error’
    Experience (E)
    ● Supervised Learning
    ○ Labelled data – (Data, target value)
    ○ Target value could be category/class labels, real value,
    real vector, etc.
    ○ Classification, Regression
    ● Unsupervised Learning
    ○ Only data, no labels
    ○ Dimensionality Reduction, ICA, Clustering
    ● Reinforcement Learning
    ○ No examples, but a reward function
    ○ Payoff based on actions
    An Incomplete History of Learning
    ● Turing Test (1950)
    ○ Machines do very poorly ● Neural Networks (1980’s)
    ● Rosenblatt’s Perceptron (1960’s) ○ Connectionism
    ○ Kick started the mathematical ○ Back-propagation [LeCun, `86]
    analysis of the learning process ○ CNNs, RNNs
    ○ Key idea behind Support Vector
    Machines (SVMs) and Neural ● SVMs (1990’s)
    Networks ○ Margin Maximization
    ● Construction of Fundamentals of ○ Kernel Methods to handle
    Learning Theory (1960-70’s) non-linearity
    ○ Focus on generalization
    capability of learning machines ● Deep Learning (>2006)
    ■ Performance on unseen ○ Hinton, Bengio, LeCun at
    data forefront
    ○ Regularization for ill-posed ○ Abstract Representations
    problems
    ■ e.g., linear equations for ● (>2012) Craziness!!
    ill-conditioned matrices
    Recent Progress
    ● Google Search
    ● Computer Vision / Image Recognition
    ○ ImageNet
    ○ Convolutional Neural Networks
    ● Autonomous driving
    ● Speech Recognition
    ● Voice assistants
    ○ Apple’s Siri, Microsoft’s Cortana, Amazon’s Echo
    ● Language Translation
    ○ Google Translate
    ○ Unsupervised Translation
    ● Game Playing / Deep Reinforcement Learning
    ○ AlphaGo
    ML vs DL
    Next Class
    ● Learning Problems and the Empirical Risk Minimization
    Framework
    ● Loss Functions for Classification and Regression
    ● Evaluation Metrics for Classification

    Welcome Quiz
    (Linear Algebra, Probability & Statistics, Vector
    Calculus)

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