BILINGUAL EXERCISES UNIT 3.

- THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1.- INTRODUCTION AND PRE-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
1.- Where and when did the Industrial revolution begin? Why do you think it started
there?
2.- Make a simple diagram about the political, economic and social situation before the
Industrial Revolution

2.- PRE-INDUSTRIALIZATION
3.-Explain the differences between Domestic System, Putting Out System and Factory
System completing the table.
DOMESTIC SYSTEM PUTTING OUT SYSTEM FACTORY SYSTEM
PLACE
WORKERS
SYSTEM OF
PRODUCTION
SALARY OR WAGE

3.- THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

3.1.- THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
4.- How did the enclosure acts increase productivity? Which social classes benefited
most from these acts?
5.- What was the Norfolk Crop Rotation System? What this system is better than the last?
6.- What other improvements were made in agriculture? What were the consequences of
all these improvements?
3.2.- THE DEMOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION
7- Look at the graphic of the slide 11 in the PPT, and describe the population growth in
each country for each period ( grew from____ to_____/ grew more than______/ The greatest
growth took place in_______)
8.- Explain the causes and consequences of population growth in Europe during the
eighteenth century
3.3.- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
9.- What energy sources were used prior to the revolution?
10.- Explain how a steam engine worked. Who invented it? When was it invented? What
energy source did it use? What fuel was used in the boiler?
11.- Why was the invention of the steam engine so important to the industrial revolution?
12.- Define working division and expertise. Why were beneficial innovations for
factories?
3.4.- PIONEER INDUSTRY: TEXTILE AND STEEL
13.- Why were the textile and steel the first to be developed and in which innovations
were introduced?
14.- What machines or technical innovations are associated with the textile industry?
And the steel industry?
3.5.- THE TRANSPORT REVOLUTION AND INCREASED TRADE
15.- What improvements took place in traditional forms of land and wáter transport? Find
out who were the inventors of each.
16.- When and what cities connecting the first passenger railway line?
17.- What advantages represented these two new means of transport? Think about all the
improvements and consequences it had for trade, industry and the general population
18.- Indicate the differences between:
-- Subsistence farming and market economy:
-- Free trade and protectionism:

4.- INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM

19.- Who is the father of economic liberalism? What is his most important work?
20.- Indicate whether the following statements about capitalism are true or false. Match
each stamen with his characteristic of liberalism. Correct false statements.
A) In Spain the salary of a cleaner tends to be higher because their job is harder.
B) People should be in solidarity with others and do not think about their own benefit, in
this way the common good would be achieved
C) The government should decide the prices of products and the quantity produced, so the
economy is under control and the crisis will not occur.
D) Gold is very expensive because there is little, if any more gold, its price would fall.
21.- Explain how the mechanism of wages works in the capitalist system.
22. What are two ways to get the banks money?
23.- Look at the slide of corporations (anonymous society) in the PPT and answer these
questions:
A) What is the value of the company?
B) How many parts the company is divided? What do you call these parts?
C) How many people own the business? What part of the company has each one in cash?
D) How are the benefits distributed?
E) What is the board of directors? Who compose it? What does each do?

5.- THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

24.- Complete the table comparing the first and second Industrial Revolution

FIRST INDUSTRIAL SECOND INDUSTRIAL

REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

CHRONOLOGY

COUNTRIES LEADERS

INDUSTRIAL
ORGANIZATION
ENERGY SOURCES

INDUSTRIES LEADERS

MAIN INVENTIONS

25.- Define Taylorism y Fordism

26.- Explain the main characteristics of a Cartel, a Trust and a Holding. Think or find real
life examples of a Cartel, a Trust and a Holding.
6.- THE NEW INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
27.- What is a class society? What differences exist with the estamental society?
28.- What four classes existed in the new industrial society? Who had the political and
economic power?
29.- Which class does each profession belong to: Factory owner/ lawyer/ shopkeeper/
day labourer/ civil servant/ office worker/ banker.
30.- Think and make table to compare living and working conditions for the bourgeoisie
and the workers.
31.- Read the text and answer the questions:
“In the early days of industry, child labour was common. Children of working families didn´t go to
school or they left at a very early age (7 or 8) to work in factories for 12 or 14 hours a day.
Their meager salary was essential for working families, whose income could barely sustain
them. They performed poorly paid, very repetitive and dangerous jobs, such as pulling wagons
in the mines or knotting the threads under the looms”
Describe child labour during the industrial revolution: hours, schooling, income, type of
jobs. Why did children have to work?

7.- THE LABOR MOVEMENTS

32.- Define Luddite, Trade Unions and Friendly Societies
33.- What were the main goals of Trade Unions?
34.- Which of the following statements indicates which refer to Marxism and Anarchism
A) They oppose the workers' participation in politics and the creation of political parties
B) The workers must gain power through revolution
C) After the conquest of power must impose the dictatorship of the proletariat
D) The revolution must be spontaneously through a general strike
E) There would be no private property

35.- Who were the major Marxist and anarchist thinkers?

GLOSSARY UNIT 3
1.- SPREAD/ ENERGY SOURCE/ COAL/ STEAM/ PROLETARIAT
2.- HANDICRAFTS/ TRADER/ DEALER/ WAGE/ FACTORY
3.- BUSINESS/ PROFIT/ ENCIRCLE/ FENCE/ LIVESTOCK/ THRESER/ SEEDER/ REAPER/
SURPLUS/ FAMINE/ DISEASE/ VACCINE/ STEAM ENGINE/ BOILER/ PIONEER/ ACQUIRE/
WEAVE/ SPIN/ LOOM/ IRON/ STEEL/ RAILROAD/ RAILWAY/ SAILBOAT/ STEAMBOAT/
PURCHASE/

4.- BOOST/ WEALTH/ PURSUIT/ REFRAIN/ SUPPLY/ DROP/ RISE/ FUND/

CORNERSTONE/ ENTREPRENEURS/ LOAN/ CORPORATIONS/ INTEREST/ SHARES/
WORTH/ STOCK EXCHANGE

5.- LEADERSHIP/ OIL/ ENGINE/ BATTERY/ LIGHT BULB/ TRAM/ STAINLESS/

SKYSCRAPERS/ CAN/ AROSE/ THEREFORE/ ASSEMBLY/ MERGE/ PUMP/

6.- ENTERPREUNERSHIP/ PEERAGES/ FLAUNT/ RETIREMENT/ HEALTH INSURANCE/

LACK/ REJECT/ RELY/ LABORERS

7.- POLITICAL PARTIES/ BLAME/ TRADE UNIONS/ ANARCHY/ STRIKE.