La Militaridad
EN EL ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO Y
SOCIAL DE DERECHO Y DE JUSTICIA
4a Edición (Trilingüe)
THE MILITARIDAD;
In the Social Democratic State
of Rights and Justice
A MILITARIDADE;
No Estado democrático e social
de direito e de justiça.
Enero 2015
La Militaridad
En el Estado Democrático
y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Edición Nº 4
Trilingüe
A mi Familia.
A mis Padres,
A mi esposa, hermanos e hijos
fuente inagotable de entusiasmo y amor.
A la UMBV,
a sus Maestros
y al pensamiento bolivariano
que permitió teorizar las
cualidades de la Militaridad para
los hombre y mujeres del socialismo del siglo XXI.
La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Es
ÍNDICE
Presentación.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 7
Introducción . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9
Capitulo 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 15
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE FORMACION
MILITAR PARA LA SEGURIDAD, LA DEFENSA Y EL
DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN EL ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO
Y SOCIAL, DE DERECHO Y DE JUSTICIA.
Capitulo 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 27
PRESUPUESTOS TEÓRICOS, JURIDICOS Y CRITERIOS
DE EXPERTOS PARA SUSTENTAR EL MODELO DE
FORMACIÓN MILITAR BOLIVARIANA.
Capitulo 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 39
MODELO DE FORMACIÒN MILITAR PARA LA
SEGURIDAD, LA DEFENSA Y EL DESARROLLO
INTEGRAL EN EL ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO Y SOCIAL
DE DERECHO Y JUSTICIA.
Capitulo 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 49
ESTRUCTURA TEÓRICA DEL MICRODISEÑO DE
LA MILITARIDAD COMO DIMENSIÓN METODOLÓGICA.
Capitulo 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 57
ESTRUCTURA TEÓRICA DEL MODELO DE
LA MILITARIDAD PARA LA SEGURIDAD,
LA DEFENSA Y EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN EL
ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO Y SOCIAL DE DERECHO Y
DE JUSTICIA.
Lista de siglas .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 63
Referencias . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 64
Los Autores. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 67
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Es
PRESENTACIÓN
Presentar la obra “La Militaridad en el Estado
Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia”,
me enorgullece en mi carácter de Viceministra de
Educación para la Defensa porque da testimonio
del compromiso que a cabalidad han asumido
representantes de la FANB, en la elaboración de
materiales que contribuyan a la consolidación y,
por ende, profundización de la nueva visión de la
Fuerza Armada y la Milicia Bolivariana.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Este modelo formativo hace énfasis a la seguridad nacional, la defensa del espacio
territorial por cada miliciano y miembro de la Fuerza Armada Bolivariana,
sistematiza el proyecto social que vive la Patria, desde un enfoque socio
productivo y contextualizado que conlleva a la defensa del Estado democrático
y social, de derecho y justicia.
Emerge un hombre y una mujer militar que trabajará en estrecha relación con
la comunidad civil en todo momento y en el territorio específico, especialmente
cuando la soberanía se vea amenazada por algún país extranjero, catástrofe o
calamidades reafirmando de manera eficiente, eficaz y efectiva el principio de la
corresponsabilidad.
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Es
INTRODUCCIÓN
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Así mismo, las característica de esta información que es parte del quehacer
diario de la sociedad Venezolana, permitió un tratamiento desde lo teórico, lo
jurídico y axiológico, resultados que vienen de toda la bibliografía consultada;
finalmente para las interrogantes que se presentaron motivado a lo novísimo
que se manifiestan estas relaciones se acudió al criterio de expertos.
Se puede señalar, que el modelo -razón de ser de este escrito-, incluye las
dimensiones percibidas desde la comunidad como el centro del quehacer
social venezolano, donde la formación cívico militar bolivariana en la comuna,
se perfila como alternativa de vinculación de las tropas regulares bajo la
concepción didáctica y las tropas de las comunidades bajo una óptica de pueblo
uniformado, para la defensa integral de todo el espacio nacional que pueda ser
objeto de alguna amenaza y así asegurar la sobrevivencia de la nación.
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CAPITULO 1
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE FORMACION
MILITAR PARA LA SEGURIDAD, LA DEFENSA Y EL
DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN EL ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO Y
SOCIAL, DE DERECHO Y DE JUSTICIA
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Las posturas asumidas por Arnaz, J. (1991); Ortiz, A. (2005), Méndez, P. J. (2006),
citados por Sayegh, S. (2009), devienen en otra forma de concebir el proceso
de diseño curricular en la formación profesional, advirtiéndose una amplitud
en las concepciones que sustentan. Desde esta orientación, se valoriza su
estructuración desde el carácter tecnocrático, al no tomar en cuenta los procesos
ni las cualidades, sino los resultados instructivos. La orientación de las acciones
didácticas se hace, generalmente, por ensayo y error, como muestra evidente de
sus limitaciones conceptuales, al confinar el desarrollo del pensamiento teórico
y creador, centrado en la memoria reproductiva, sin advertir el abordaje de la
peculiaridad distintiva de lo axiológico que se erige en un eje vertebrador del
diseño curricular, cuestión que aún no se vislumbra en la formación militar.
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formación axiológica de las Ciencias Médicas; así mismo Fuentes, H., Cruz, S.,
Valera, R. y Reyna, M. A. (2004), establecen esta dinámica para la formación de
competencias profesionales; de igual forma, García C., F. y Palacios H., Á (2008)
reconocen que la dinámica del diseño de formación debe tomar como base las
condiciones socio-económicas concretas en que el país que se desarrolla y las
particularidades de cada región.
En este sentido, el currículo como una tentativa para comunicar los principios
y rasgos esenciales de un propósito educativo, no debe estar ajeno de las
transformaciones que se operan a partir de los problemas y situaciones que
emergen de diferentes ámbitos profesionales ni hacer traslado esquemático de
prácticas sociales como lo afirman Stenhouse.,L. (1987) y Coll, C. (1994), por lo
que la formación militar debe ser el resultado de un proceso de reconstrucción
crítica en correspondencia con la realidad aportada por el contexto militar, esencia
epistemológica que debe sustentar la pertinencia formativa de la militaridad.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Las exigencias actuales y desarrollo del militar y del miliciano, requieren de una
instrumentación coherente y sistémica, que ha de tener en su centro la formación
axiológica; la militaridad como valor, permitirá establecer las coordenadas de la
dinámica de la formación de los integrantes de la FANB.
Por otra parte en la obra “Latinoamérica Hoy” de Vuskovic y otros (2007 p.108)
se afirma: “si la militaridad de la lucha no conecta con el síndrome socio-cultural
y con la experiencia histórica, revestido de lo festivo, transaccional y no violento,
así como el carácter cívico de los sujetos, se produciría una incomunicación
social”. Este emergente concepto también es visto como una “fuerza espiritual...
que lucha contra el militarismo, y Gazzoli (1986) interpreta la civilidad en su
acepción ecuménica y la militaridad como lo contingente de esa ecumenicidad,
de esa universalidad en donde todos nos reconocemos.
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Es
CAPITULO 2
PRESUPUESTOS TEÓRICOS, JURIDICOS Y CRITERIOS DE
EXPERTOS PARA SUSTENTAR EL MODELO DE FORMACIÓN
MILITAR BOLIVARIANA
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Entre los aportes más resaltantes de estos últimos tiempos, de la formación cívico
militar en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, se observa su contribución en
la formación de un individuo identificado con su entorno y apto para la vida en
sociedad, con un sentido crítico, creativo y responsable de su rol e importancia
en ella, así como en la adquisición de hábitos para mantenerse saludable a través
de la participación en actividades, orientadas hacia el logro de un crecimiento
equilibrado en concordancia con sus características y condiciones biogenéticas.
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Lo anterior exige tener claro los métodos a utilizar para tratar de describir una
realidad y es por ello que es necesario definir y conceptualizar el significado del
término Modelo. Según Monares (2004, p 58), es “algo que se representa o se
reproduce”, es decir aquel que intenta representar un fenómeno en sus aspectos
esenciales, derivando sus componentes del nivel de la teoría, Paramonov (2002),
concibe el modelo como “moldear o dar forma, orden y secuencia a conceptos,
hipótesis, estrategias y modalidades que orientan acciones y hechos particulares
de individuos dentro de un contexto”.
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Sobre la base de lo anterior y para este escrito, define al modelo como una forma
de representar -desde la perspectiva holística-configuracional- la realidad para
aprehenderla, considerando que posee propiedades esenciales que permiten
agruparlo dentro de las formas de representación del conocimiento científico; a
través del modelo se muestra un aspecto de la realidad, reflejando la concepción
que se posee de la misma (sus partes, sus relaciones, sus movimientos).
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De modo que se puede concluir que la finalidad del Estado Social de Derecho y
de Justicia reside en crear, las condiciones mínimas necesarias para conservar y
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Por otra parte se hace necesario mencionar que para los expertos que intervinieron
en estas reflexiones, la Seguridad y Defensa Integral expresa la relación directa
entre lo civil y militar para asumir la defensa integral de la nación -en todo
momento y en el territorio específico, especialmente cuando la soberanía de
la nación se vea amenazada por algún país extranjero y cuando se produzcan
catástrofes o calamidades públicas, estados de emergencias económicas y
conmociones internas o externas- a través de las redes y organizaciones sociales
y comunitarias (misiones, contralorías sociales, cooperativas, organizaciones
indígenas, políticas, artísticas, laborales, etc.) que encarnen de manera eficiente,
eficaz y efectiva el principio de corresponsabilidad.
Por otra parte en las Líneas Generales del Plan de Desarrollo de la Fuerza
Armada Nacional Bolivariana para la Defensa Integral de la Nación expresa en
el objetivo de su Eje Doctrinario “construir la nueva doctrina militar bolivariana
para librar con éxito una guerra popular prolongada ante la hipótesis de guerra
por parte del imperio contra la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”. Esto
conduce al concepto estratégico militar para la Seguridad y Defensa Integral
de la Nación, que será el componente integrador de todas las misiones sociales
propuestas por el Gobierno Nacional, dado que estas misiones nacen bajo la idea
de lucha y defensa de la principal amenaza que desde el exterior se confabula (el
imperio norteamericano), y la pobreza y la exclusión social en lo interno.
Por tanto, cuando se conforman redes de apoyo a las misiones éstas deben estar
claras de su corresponsabilidad en materia de Defensa Integral de la Nación, ya
no sólo para asegurar el funcionamiento del módulo de salud, la alimentación,
la educación, etc., sino la integridad total y la soberanía de la nación.
Los integrantes de las misiones y las redes que los conforman deben estar
conscientes que cuando salen, por ejemplo: de la misión Vuelvan Caras reunidos
en cooperativas de pescadores, no sólo deben asegurar la alimentación de la
población, sino que al mismo tiempo tienen la responsabilidad de coadyuvar
en la vigilancia y cuidado de los espacios acuáticos de la Nación; tienen que
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Además, hay un hecho clave para fortalecer la idea del peso que tiene en la crisis
hegemónica la pérdida de legitimidad: los valores y principios que salieron a
defender y rescatar a los insurrectos, no son los mismos que se escucharon
de los dirigentes políticos, de entonces. Ahora bien, en las clases populares, a
pesar de que no hubo un apoyo masivo a los alzamientos, la similitud de ideas
y necesidades, es innegable. Las banderas de los movimientos insurreccionales
fueron las mismas de los sectores subalternos: el rescate del país a través de una
reconstrucción moral.
Esa articulación, entre pueblo y militar, hoy en día, es lo que refleja la FANB
como fiel garante de la institucionalidad, pero también se puede comportar
como actor político, por cuanto no está impedido de reconocer las debilidades
institucionales y que por una tradición histórica de carácter hemisférico,
ha tenido que actuar decididamente para preservar el equilibrio político en
numerosas oportunidades.
Vale decir, que el militar bolivariano tiene que estar formado con una cuerpo Es
diferente es un hombre de guerra hecho para la paz, desde allí sus cualidades
humanas pero con una sublime voluntad histórica de vencedor, cualidades que
lo hace un ser único y que los autores ha tomado de la tesis de la Militaridad de
Aguana (2010).
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CAPITULO 3
MODELO DE FORMACIÒN MILITAR PARA LA SEGURIDAD,
LA DEFENSA Y EL DESARROLLO INTEGRAL EN EL ESTADO
DEMOCRÁTICO Y SOCIAL DE DERECHO Y JUSTICIA
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Para ello se hace necesario establecer una relación concatenada de los preceptos
antes mencionados y que se pone de manifiesto a través de la sistematización
formativa militar como aparece reflejado en la figura 3.
Este valor favorece la plena realización del connacional como sujeto social
consciente en la certeza de la custodia de los valores más íntimos de la
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
nacional de modo que rompe con las limitaciones que aún subsisten, dentro del Es
proceso formativo militar.
Esta fase conceptual del modelo exige el principio dialéctico de estas categorías
dentro del proceso de formación militar y la incorporación a su vez de la sociedad
civil en su conjunto a desarrollar roles, que la lleven a la plena identificación de
los males que aquejan a la sociedad venezolana de hoy en día y enfrentarlos para
mejorar la calidad de vida del connacional.
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
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CAPITULO 4
ESTRUCTURA TEÓRICA DEL MICRODISEÑO DE LA
MILITARIDAD COMO DIMENSIÓN METODOLÓGICA
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Tomando las palabras del Dip. a la Asamblea Nacional Fernando Soto Rojas, el
presente modelo constituye un instrumento orgánico que garantiza el vínculo
entre la milicia y el ejército, dentro de la concepción de la guerra de todo el
pueblo, donde la seguridad nacional es una necesidad ciudadana. Es un modelo
antagónico (como el socialismo del siglo XXI en construcción) con el proceso
hegemónico de los Estados Unidos en sus tres siglos de existencia y dominación,
pero la antagonía, es en bien del desarrollo social, hacia la búsqueda de
soluciones para el beneficio de la sociedad venezolana.
Estas dimensiones tienen que ser vista a la luz del microdiseño, donde esté
implícito el compromiso de educar e instruir. Que se posea la flexibilidad tan
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Esta metodología articula y conforma los preceptos sobre los que se basan los Es
principios del Socialismo del Siglo XXI, con la participación activa de toda la
población, es decir las FANB vistas como complemento en la seguridad, defensa
y el desarrollo integral del pueblo.
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
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CAPITULO 5
ESTRUCTURA TEÓRICA DEL MODELO DE LA MILITARIDAD
PARA LA SEGURIDAD, LA DEFENSA Y EL DESARROLLO
INTEGRAL EN EL ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO Y SOCIAL DE
DERECHO Y DE JUSTICIA
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
Luego entonces las FANB no son invitadas a participar como simple espectador, Es
dentro del modelo de la militaridad, sino como agente transformador y promotor
de los cambios sociales, que se operarán dentro de la sociedad venezolana y la
MB, sirve como punto de unión entre las FANB (como ejército organizado y
respetuoso del ordenamiento político) y el ciudadano preparado para defender
los avances sociales que ha tenido el Proceso Revolucionario Bolivariano.
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algunas reflexiones puede ser llevado a los países bolivarianos como se muestra
en la figura 9.
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Es
LISTA DE SIGLAS
Cnel Coronel
Cmdte Comandante
Dip Diputado
MB Milicia Bolivariana
MG Mayor General
p. Pagina
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REFERENCIAS
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Irwin, D, H Castillo, y F Langue. Pretorianismo venezolano del Siglo XXI. Ensayo sobre
relaciones civiles y militares. Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 2007.
Irwin, D, y F Langue. Militares y poderes. Ensayos historicos vinculados con las relaciones
civiles y militares venezolanas. Caracas: Universidad Catolica Andrés Bello, 2005.
Jimenez, R. Militares contra militarismo. Caracas, Venezuela: El Centauro, 2008.
Konnikova, T. Fundamentos para la labor educativa del pueblo. La Habana, Cuba: Pueblo
y Educación, 1981.
La Ley Orgánica de Seguridad de la Nación. Gaceta Oficial Nº 37.594 del 18 de diciembre
de 2002, 2002.
Ley Orgánica de la Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana. Gaceta Oficial Nº 6.020
extraordinaria del 21 de marzo de 2011, 2011.
Magee, E M. «La evolución de las academias para oficiales.» Air University Review, SEP-
OCT 1966: 57.
Monserrat, Javier. Epistemología evolutiva y teoría de la ciencia. Madrid, España:
Malanguet, 1987.
Paramonov, Y. «Modelo teórico de protección en contra de inferencia lógica.» 1er
Congreso Iberoamericano de seguridad. Michoacán, México, 2002.
Plan Sucre. Lineas Generales del Plan de Desarrollo de la FANB para la Defensa Integral
de la Nación. Caracas, Venezuela: Material de estudio, 2010.
Rodriguez L, D. «La hegemonía militar de los Estados Unidos y su incidencia en el
aspecto militar de la seguridad y defensa de Venezuela.» Caracas, 1994.
Salas, F. Las Fuerzas Armadas Nacional de Venezuela y de Hugo Chàvez Fría. Caracas,
venezuela: ONEONTA, 2003.
Savater, F. Las razones del antimilitarismo y otras razones. Barcelona, España:
ANAGRAMA, SA, 1998.
Sayegh, S. Gerencia de Estado en el contexto de la Globalizacion. Tesis Doctoral.
Universidad Yacambu.Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela. 2009
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La Militaridad en el Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y de Justicia
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LOS AUTORES
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana
Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
The Militaridad
In the Social Democratic State
of Rights and Justice
Febrary 2015
The Militaridad
In The Social Democratic
State of Rights and Justice
To My Family.
To my parents,
My wife, siblings and children
Inexhaustible source of enthusiasm and love.
To the UMBV,
Their teachers
and the Bolivarian thought,
that allowed theorize the
“Militaridad” qualities for
the men and women of the XXI century socialism
The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
INDEX Ing
Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 75
Introduction.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 77
Chapter 1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 83
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MILITARY TRAINING
PROCESS FOR SECURITY, DEFENSE AND INTEGRAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC STATE
OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE
Chapter 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 93
THEORETICAL BUDGETS, LEGAL AND CRITERIA
OFEXPERT TO SUSTAIN THE BOLIVARIANA MILITARY
TRAINING MODEL
Chapter 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 103
MILITARY TRAINING MODEL FOR SECURITY,
DEFENSE AND INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC STATE OF RIGHTS
AND JUSTICE
Chapter 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 111
THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF MICRODESIGN
OF THE “MILITARIDAD” AS METHODOLOGICAL
DIMENSION
Chapter 5 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 119
THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF THE “MILITARIDAD”
MODEL FOR SECURITY, DEFENCE AND INTEGRAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC
STATE OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE
List of abbreviation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
References .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
The authors . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 126
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PREFACE
Submitting the work The “Militaridad” in the
Social Democratic State of rights and Justice
makes me proud in my role as Vice-minister
of Education for the Defence because it shows
the commitment that FANB representatives
have fully assumed in developing materials
that contribute to the consolidation and thus
deepening in the new vision of the Armed Force
and the Bolivarian Militia.
As part of the search for an indigenous military training process where the
military training of human beings is the cornerstone in the new curriculum
conception, the proposal of the “Generales de Brigada” Samir Sayegh Assal
and Rafael José Aguana, taking into account the new profile of the military
men and women and the Venezuelan Militia, becomes a tool for immediate
implementation.
The “pattern Militaridad” in the two large covering: Bolivarian Military Culture
and their dialectical pairs, and the Methodology for “Militaridad”, results in
simple words that people, the better prepared, trained and committed, the
greater the chances they will have to defend achievements of the Bolivarian
Revolution.
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This training model emphasizes the national security, the defense of the
territorial space by each member of the Bolivarian Armed Force, systematize the
social Homeland project from a social productive approach and contextualized,
that leads to the defense of the social democratic state of right and justice.
The model itself responds to both possible warlike conflicts, by the party military;
as corruption, environmental disasters, public calamities and economic crisis in
regard to civil society; which implies, indisputably a close relationship to the
overall defense.
Emerge military man and woman who work closely with civil community at all
times and in specific territory, especially when sovereignty is threatened by a
foreign country, catastrophe or calamities reaffirming efficiently, effectively and
in an efficacious way the principle of responsibility.
To all who work on the design of this socialist Venezuela, and especially to all
those who in one way or another are in the field of military education, I invite
you to read this work, product of the Venezuela’s new military thinking.
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INTRODUCTION
The social, political and ideological activity that characterizes the contemporary
development and the evidence about the orientation of the nations’ progress are
expeditious ways that contribute directly to the human development, because it
is an example of the need to achieve the transformations in society. Therefore,
it has to be assumed the process of military training in the armed force, taking
into account and without forgetting about the Militias that, as part of the state
and society, have to temper to the new realities since, though they are part of the
state structure, it cannot be forgotten that they are shaped by men and women
who are part of society.
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Among the process of military training, there have been significant studies, such
as those of Magee, E.M. (1966), Carafano J.J. and Kochems, A. (2005), Garre, N.
(2007), Mendez, PJ (2008), among others, related to military education, which
represents an aspect of great connotation to a nation, especially if from this
perspective, it is recognized the need to train individuals in order to achieve
their human and social integrity, not only revealed in its human and military
performance, but also in the apprehension of a set of values able to raise their
moral qualities, which is one need of society that tackles the construction of
a Democratic and Social State of Right and Justice , as it is the military force
that ensures the various socio-economic, political and cultural edges for safety,
defense and integral development of the nation, as it is the case in Venezuela.
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Therefore, and considering the above will be necessary as the underlying object
of this research the military training process; and it is necessary to take into
account that military training should be based on pedagogical theories to Ing
substantiate the social and State needs and demands from the political and
ideological culture as posed by studies about this particular training.
From this perspective, all activities were focused on developing the categories
and relational levels in the characterization of military training to the XXI
century and therefore moving towards a conception that let recognize the
fundamental foundations of the human being development in relation to the
historical, social and cultural context of transformation in Venezuela.
It is pertinent to note that the military training process has to seek answers
for security, defense and integral development consistently framed in the
humanistic and democratic discourse, which is generated from the Constitution
of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, as well as it is stated by the leader of
the Bolivarian Revolution Commander Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, President of
the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Commander in Chief of the FANB.,
of reassertion of civic-military culture as a result, as a constant creation, both
the projects and purposes of the act of the individuals, all of which becomes
into own ideas and makings of a security, defense and integral developmental
culture.
Therefore, the military training, from its core, must be related to the complex,
holistic and dialectical recognition of the process of transformation of the
Democratic and Social State of Law and Justice, as it is established by the
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, all interpreted as a whole,
so that such training contribute to the sovereign integration and internalization
of national identity.
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that let justify the coexistence of the National Bolivarian Armed Force And
Militia (which we cannot fail to mention that CRBV establish it as a single
organization, but in this work we denoted separately by their formative origin)
in the same legal-political context, since they are exposed in a defragmented
and decontextualized way, which fails to express the movement of an military
axiology in the Democratic and Social State of Law and Justice for safety, defense
and integral development.
In that order and following the methodological logic that allows the dialectic
and categories, it can be formulated as an objective the development of a model
of military training for civil-military projection in the light of the axiological
that develop the socio-transforming capacity of security, defense and holistic
development for achieving civil-military projection. But that same posed logic
requires to specify space-time for the impact on the object of this research,
which states, then, as the scope model for the military training of the security,
defense and integral development in the Social Democratic State of right and
Justice.
On the other hand, it is possible to configure the need to reveal the distinctive
peculiarity in the military training for the security, defense and integral
development, from an axiological perspective that connote the dialectical
character of the systematization of logic from militaridad, which assigns a
reinterpretation of Military training process in the Bolivarian National Armed
Forces and Militia Bolivariana, as active components for security, defense and
integral development of the Bolivarian Revolution State, which is housed in
the theoretical orientation that allows transition to the solution of the problem
based on scientific conception of Holistic Configurational from theoretical
perspective Dr. Homero Fuentes, Dr. Jorge Montoya, Dr. Alejandro Estrabao
and Dr. Eneida Matos.
Similarly, the arguments used in this book are the recognized in the different
orders of science and society, serving as reference for the development and
support of ideas; from these point on, it was established a research pattern for
the dynamic of Bolivarian military training, which reveal the configurations
and dimensions that define and particularize it.
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Also, the characteristics of this information that is part of the everyday work
of the Venezuelan society, allowed a theoretical, juridical and axiological
treatment, results that come from all the literature; finally to the questions that Ing
were presented due to the innovation that are manifested through this relations,
it was asked for the help of expert judgment.
It may be noted that the model –the reason of this writing-, includes the perceived
dimensions by the community as the center of the Venezuelan social tasks, where
the Bolivarian civic military training, is emerged as an alternative of connection
with the regular troops under the didactic conception and communities under
an optical of uniformed people, for the overall defense of the entire national
space that can be subject of threat and thus ensure the survival of the nation.
In fact, the model displays the dynamics of social action that is being proposed,
based on the Humanistic, Materialist and Dialectic Theory in a social context
grounded in organizational structure through the formation of multidisciplinary
groups composed by all players in the Venezuelan nation, who administer the
model.
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Both dimensions present in the dynamic model, in a spiral ascending order has
as the main purpose to interfere positively in the social issue and therefore in
the quality of life where it develops. Hence, it is aimed to provide theoretical-
practical-operative elements for military and civic projection that reach the
socio transforming capacity of the society for security, defence and integral
development in the Democratic State of Rights and Social Justice.
In order to achieve these purposes, it is necessary to develop some ideas such as:
the establishment of dialectic and contradictory relationship that is manifested
among the following categories, the orientation of the Bolivarian military
training process and the intentionality of the axiological content of militaridad.
This lead us to establish an analysis between both categories synthesizing from
military training contextualization of safety Democratic and Social State of
Rights and Justice.
This triad raised from the contradictory and complementary dynamics that are
manifested in the process of systematization of military training security, for
defense and integral development that is established as the revitalizing category
of the entire model.
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CHAPTER 1
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MILITARY TRAINING
PROCESS FOR SECURITY, DEFENSE AND INTEGRAL
DEVELOPMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC AND SOCIAL
STATE OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE.
Military training requires new approaches and scientific efforts from different
theoretical investigations to determine a more effective and efficient preparation
to achieve greater sensitivity and motivation towards the weapons career and to
develop their potentialities and attitudes in achieving the goals of its contextual
performance, from consolidating a humanistic stance, so to be considered the
need for military training, covering its activities from the projective and the
prospective.
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It is required to conduct a study to specify the validity in the time of the military
education, which leads to a formation process that undeniably has to obey a
scientific direction to mean the concrete epistemic notion required from the
Pedagogical Sciences. In this sense, authors such as Bozhovich L. (1976);
R. Gonzalez, F. (1989), Boldiriev, N. (1974), F. Lopez, J. (1978), Konnikova
T. (1981), R. Chavez, J. (2002), among others, have considered training as a
process and category that belongs to Pedagogical Sciences and heads to create a
new meaning type of man according to certain ideals, goals and social purposes.
This concept emphasizes the human dimension of education, since men have to
be shaped to contribute to perpetuate its existence in society, that is the reason
why that if the general sense of training and its specificity in the military sphere is
typified, it should be considered the military training and militias as they have
been discussed by theorists such as Fabyanci, T., A. (1986), Head R., G. (1978),
Boorstin, DJ (1983), Holzman, G. (2000), Carafano, JJ and Kochems, A. (2005),
among others, whom assume them as the social process of preparation and
formation of the subject, based on the specific purposes for later performance
in the social and military area .
means that it is the urgent to consider the training of military professionals from
the prospect of a new military training strategy which could be called Bolivarian
military- civic training. Ing
The formation of human beings is based on curriculum theory and its practice,
evidence the existence of multiple approaches or models that generate different
methodologies and design strategies, with borders that are sometimes not
properly defined. The definition of curriculum design is associated with
dissimilar criteria reflecting the formation; it is essential to operate with the
concept, which implies that the curriculum process should correspond with
a conception of the particular world and, consequently, with a philosophical,
pedagogical, sociological and psychological determined pedigree.
The design on the military training of the last century in our country appears
wholly unrelated to the socio-political and military reality of the Venezuelan
society, regardless of the problems and conflicts that from them emerge, which
adversely affects the development of transformative potentials of the FANB
and MB as part of the security, defense and integral development system of the
Democratic and Social State of Rights and Justice.
Therefore, although in recent years there has been a strongly work on changes
in military training, there are still deficiencies in the processes of military
training, due to limitations in the formative relevance with social bonding, from
concepts and markedly traditional curriculum and schematic models based on
the objectives of the behaviourist and determinist education, which direct their
cognitive, subjective or investigative processes from a pragmatic and relativistic
view with limited recognition of context value.
Recognizing the military training from the ontological issue has to mean the
objective and necessary relationships that point to the formation of the members
of the FANB, including the militia as an alternative answer for integrating the
axiological training, which stands at the heart of the military educational process
from the curriculum, which are the sources and foundations that favour the
processing and multi-disciplinary collective, capable of promoting the dynamic
construction of new values and assessments that go beyond the work of the
military exercise participation.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Moreover, in the play “Latinoamerica Hoy” from VusKovic and others (2007
p.108) states: “If the fight of “militaridad” is not connected with the socio-
cultural syndrome and historical experience, lined the festive, transactional
nonviolent, as well as the civic character of the subjects, social isolation would
occur.” This emerging concept is also seen as a “spiritual force …fighting against
militarism, and Gazzoli (1986) interprets civility in its ecumenical sense and the
“militaridad” as a possible result of that ecumenicity of that universality where
we all recognize each other.
Based on these aspects indicated on militaridad, we see that the addresses have
divergent connotations assume regarding the dynamics of military training and
take different approaches, but it is undeniable relationship between the moral-
militar character with the citizen one, little addressed question from subjective
appropriation by individuals of a particular society. Hence the need to consider
that at the base of the militaridad as the value for the model design of the
Bolivarian military training should consider the following aspects dialectically
interrelated with each other:
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Therefore, in the axiological training of military and militia, has taken into
account the level of consciousness of the individual, their position in the system
of prevailing social relations, which will condition the significant content of the
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assumed value and correspondence or not, with the system of values prevailing
in society.
It follows from these criteria that the fact that militaridad in the dynamics of the
military training model is to encourage the formation of social subjects, from
military to peace which lets you capture those real meanings through capacity
of the senses in its military evaluative activity, that allow the acceptation
of them or not, that is to say that it functions as a filter in the socialization
process, thereby affecting the regulatory function of the behaviour, and
therefore, in attitudes toward the social context surrounding, while expressing
a correspondence between what we think, what is said and what is done at the
individual level, and having a correspondence with the society.
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL BUDGETS AND EXPERT
JUDGMENTS TO SUPPORT THE BOLIVARIAN MODEL
MILITARY TRAINING
Based on this principle, the need arises to investigate military training and
military civic projection from different spheres of action, taking into account
the principles, values, functions and theoretical advances. It is a priority to
determine its reason for being as a science discipline or as needed.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
with his tractor, but with his rifle, indigenous (Wayuu, Piaroa, Bari, Yucpa)
with another division; UNEFA, Miranda Front, said the President, “There’s
nobody smarter than the people with the ability to network tactical, strategic,
political and social intelligence.” Instead of being battalions of reserves, they
can complete some regular units in the overall defense of the nation without
abandoning its social functions.
Undoubtedly, the formation of the military has an important social role within
the formal educational process; however, its scope goes far beyond school
education. It is also necessary to state that military training model for democratic,
social state of law and justice is viewed, opposes traditional (linear, vertical and
centralized), is based on participatory experiences without hierarchies imposed
by preconceived models; promoted from these collective experiences becoming
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From this perspective the military cultural space plays a key role as the
community’s identity becomes the main basis of the success of social sector
projects to develop, through the organized militia. In the book of Herrera J, H
(2004) “The Armed Forces to the New World Agenda” (p. 65) the great military
thinker Clausewitz defined war as a battle of wills: “There is no question of who
has more ships, more tanks, more planes, but you have to ask who has more will
to fight? “.
This requires being clear about the methods used to try to describe a reality and
that is why it is necessary to define and conceptualize the meaning of Model.
According Monares (2004, p 58), it is “something that represents or plays”, i.e.
one that tries to represent a phenomenon in its essential aspects, deriving their
level components of the theory, Paramonov (2002), conceived the model as
“mold or shape, order and sequence of concepts, assumptions, strategies and
procedures that guide actions and facts of individuals within a context.”
For Garcia, (2006, p 34), a model from the epistemological point of view is “any
theoretical construction used to interpret or represent reality or part of reality.”
A scientific theory is itself a model of natural reality that tries to explain, but
in turn, scientific theories rely also models. There are then two distinct trends;
authors define the model on the mental plane and others on the material plane,
but none denies the possibility of the coexistence of both.
Based on the above and this paper defines the model as a way to represent,
from the perspective of holistic-configural-reality to grasp it, considers that it
has essential properties that allow to group within the forms of representation of
scientific knowledge; through the model one aspect of reality shows, reflecting
the concept that has the same (parts, their relationships, their movements).
In this case the model of military training that occurs, several practical uses
in its various dimensions that guide actions and facts of organized individuals
within the Bolivarian context, based on a theory and ideological epistemic logic,
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After analyzing the model in its epistemic conception the study of other
concepts that help clarify the scientific and methodological criteria which will
become manifest in later sections, as are the concepts of state, social state of law,
militaridad is necessary, Bolivarian Militias, army training among others.
Hence the need to refer to the process of military training which has as its
ultimate goal, to make men and women, military exemplary citizen who
project it into the future, with responsibility for its activities and the optimal
development of their personal virtues in its relations with the public and to
ensure comprehensive security and defense of the nation in the territory that
corresponds to defend.
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c. The Common Good: the goal of the common good, due to the
set principles, rules, institutions and means for promoting and
ensuring the existence of all the members of a human community
in the immaterial plane, said so. For the common good is
understood as an essential, must be seen through the trilogy
recognition-respect-tolerance in relations with the other.
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hence social justice being a categorical imperative for the state, covering all
citizens and not to a specific social group.
So it can be concluded that the purpose of the rule of law and justice is to create
the minimum conditions necessary to conserve and commit to realizing these
rights in order to meet the demands and needs of its people to achieve collective
welfare.
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The mission members and networks that shape should be aware that when they
leave, for example, the mission gathered Faces Turn fishing cooperatives, must
not only ensure the supply of population, but at the same time must have a
responsibility to assist in the monitoring and care of aquatic areas of the Nation;
they have to understand and manipulate the concepts of security and defense
of the nation and act at times to detect irregular situations that may affect these
precepts.
On the other hand, it should be stressed that the military political culture in
Venezuela before 1999, even though democracy was constitutionally enshrined
as representative, could not be fully developed for responding to foreign
interests. Precisely the legitimacy crisis was largely a product of the limited
representativeness of political leaders; this was mainly due to the lack of
credibility of its leadership.
Under these conditions, power relations were not allowed to articulate the
demands of subaltern sectors, to establish its participation in the call Consensual
Democracy, the Venezuelan elections could exercise election; the usual way
was through linkage with one of the political parties of the status (political
patronage). As they were losing representation, government and institutions
increased their illegitimacy and thus contributed to the devaluation of the
democratic regime.
the process of making decisions that affect you, no leaders : a system that does
not reflect the values of the collective has no credibility. There are many factors
that indicate a crisis of hegemony, but the object of this reflection, the loss of
legitimacy is the most important manifestation because he has the greatest effect
generated in the Venezuelan democratic institutions.
From the military crisis, we can get valuable references for understanding of
the Venezuelan depletion hegemonic model. The 4F revealed cracking of the
indoor unit of the Armed Forces; the 27N reflected the discontent of some
military sectors moral corruption that took over the military leadership. There
is a key fact to strengthen the idea of the weight in the hegemonic crisis loss of
legitimacy: the values and principles that came to defend and rescue the rebels
are not the same as heard of political leaders, then. Now in the popular classes,
even though there was overwhelming support for the uprisings, the similarity of
ideas and needs, is undeniable. The flags of the revolutionary movements were
the same as the subordinate sectors: the rescue of the country through a moral
reconstruction.
This articulation between people and military, today is reflecting the faithful
FANB as guarantor of the institutions, but can also behave as a political actor,
because it is not precluded from recognizing the institutional weaknesses and a
historical tradition of hemispheric, had to act decisively to preserve the political
balance on numerous occasions.
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Within this FANB the Bolivarian Militia is created, as a Task Force organized
by the Venezuelan government to realize the constitutional principle of shared
responsibility and has as main objective to interact with society as a whole, for
the implementation of the Comprehensive National Defense.
That context that emerges allows space for the contextuality in the civil-military
relationship criteria shared with the Dip. Fernando Soto Rojas and Felix MG
Velázquez civic military relationship invokes a “separatist conception” that
appeals to the Bolivarian thought and equals a constant anti-colonial resistance.
Thus, the need for urgent action to achieve the consolidation of the sense of
homeland defense and force is a priority of the state, the preservation of the
revolutionary gains.
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That is, the Bolivarian military has to be formed with a different body, is a man
of war to peace, from there its human qualities but with a sublime winner will
historic qualities that makes him a unique being and that the authors have taken
from the thesis Militaridad of Aguana (2010).
The political culture in Venezuela turns out to be the match of the inheritance of
who conquered together with the characteristics that were being incorporated
from the social mixing.
In this reflection, it has been trying to describe the characteristics of the current
position to characterize the revolutionary process who fights and for which an
armed force is needed and a militia aware that the overall defense of the nation
will take time, but still will advance up until make the land of Bolivar, one of the
most developed countries in the world today.
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Ing
CHAPTER 3
MODEL OF MILITARY TRAINING FOR SECURITY DEFENSE
AND INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOCIAL
DEMOCRATIC STATE OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE.
That is why the integrity is the fundamental principle that defines the present
model as transverse axis of the militaridad in the training process of the society
and is widely explicit in the model, theoretical and interdisciplinary with an
holistic-configurational approach to integrate the community’s educational
development with a multidimensional character, where not only the military
component is the prevailing in it , but the social community appearance the one
who defines the positions needed in its linkage.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
/ŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJŽĨ
Bolivarian military ƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚ
ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚŽ axiological
content Content
In another context the political process that is develop in Venezuela since 1999,
requires from the military sector a high level of dedication, under the premise
of the joint responsibility (Constitution 2009 Articles 326, Article 5th of the
LOSN 2002 and Article 3rd of the LOFANB 2011), with the national defense
(military dimension), but also with the integral development of the country
(wide dimension: social aspects, economic, political, cultural, geographical and
environmental).
Under this logic we can say that the military institution in the Bolivarian
Republic of Venezuela is expected to play, according to the needs of the Nation,
important commitments in the field of management of various public policies of
military defense, that is to say in areas traditionally reserved for the civil sector.
This means that the Bolivarian process of military training should be able to
further develop of attitudes, not only in military but also in scientific, social and
technical in administrative, economic, financial and infrastructure fields, among
other. Additionally, the military must be able to locate the reality of Venezuela
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
in a higher context (regional and global levels), where the dynamics of global
geopolitics combined with the close communication, economic, political and
social interdependence demands a well informed professional able to respond Ing
in a real-time the requirements and particular junctures.
This is why the orientation to the Bolivarian military training content for the
militaridad is directed to the active member of the FANB and MB plays his role
in the overall defense of the Nation.
In this respect we agree with the Eliezer Otaiza’s view, expert we consulted
about of the relationship that should exist between the FANB and MB, in which
must be apply everything related to the orientation of the Bolivarian military
content in the defense of revolutionary gains and at the same time, that both
institutions must be incorporated into the process of national production, from
different fields, such as the environmental, social, political, cultural, geographic,
economic, and military itself.
Philosophically, the defense of the constitutional order, means that the FANB and
MB should be involved in the defense of the nation, not only under government
guidelines, (when the abovementioned areas are endangered) but when there
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It is here where it takes great relevance the contradiction between the orientation
to the Bolivarian military content and the intentionality of axiological content
of militarity, since this dialectical contradiction was synthesized in the category
of military training contextualization for social democratic of rights and justice,
seen through figure 2.
DŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ
ĨŽƌƐŽĐŝĂůĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐƐƚĂƚĞŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚũƵƐƟĐĞ͘
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
overall defense that civil society, along with military organizations in the
military training model presented.
Ing
That is to say, there’s a search looking for a citizen who is a good worker or
student and at the same time be faithful watchman of the security, defense and
integral development of the social democratic state of rights and justice.
It’s not enough that the theoretical precepts be described in the functions of the
military or the civilian institution (such as support in territorial proceedings
of civil nature or in the conducive initiatives to the maintenance of peace and
stability), but is in daily practice, where those intentions should be revealed.
This is consistent not only with the approach of the security policy and national
defense, but also to Article 118 of the LOFANB (2011), which reads:
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
DŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ
ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĂůĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐƐƚĂƚĞŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐ
ĂŶĚũƵƐƟĐĞ
^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJ
training for security, defense and
integral development of the
ŶĂƟŽŶ͘
The extent, to which an individual can achieve in their social inclusion from
militaridad, occurs through a dynamic process of reciprocal relationships. It is
a constructive process that starts from the goal, and integrates and generalizes
knowledge and skills acquired during their training in militaridad as a result
of the dialectical relationship in spiral form, always rising from the depth of
content, or level of wealth that is revealed in the object of study and the level of
intellectual potential required by the subject to face it.
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
the Organic Law of Communal Councils in its Art 29, Number 7: “To promote,
participate and contribute together with the Bolivarian Militia, in security and
integral defense of the nation.” Ing
As set out above has to do with the Bolivarian Military Culture supported in
curriculum design, in the conceptual phase of military training model, which
has values that inspired the systematization of militaridad for security, defense
and integral development between contradictory categories to streamline
the process, seen in the training context for militaridad and gives a unifying
character.
These values influence what is to be achieved and what is expected from the
FANB and MB, together with the Venezuelan civil society as a whole.
These values also are expressed in an explicit way and clearly so that guide
military educational practice in order to establish the basis of coexistence in
which all assume a set of principles and shared them, according to the degree of
responsibility and personnel involvement of each one.
DŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ
ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĂůĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐƐƚĂƚĞŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚ BOLIVARIAN
ũƵƐƟĐĞ͘ MILITARY
CULTURE’S
^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌ
security, defense and integral development
ŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘
109
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
These ideas and thoughts are directed from the Bolivarian military training to
human rights, freedom, social justice, peace, strengthening the family, education
as a training process of citizenship, to work, to raising self-esteem, to the
creation of moral-ethical values, environmental conservation and recognition
of the Venezuelan historical cultural heritage.
Thus, from the educational perspective, the military learning in the values area
will be relevant to the extent that the individual is prepared to think critically
and activate these values in a responsible and caring way, both with himself as
its institutional, family and social environment.
This conceptual phase of the model requires the dialectical principle of these
categories in the process of military training and incorporating at the same time
the civil society as a whole to develop roles, that carry the full identification of
the ills of Venezuelan society nowadays and face them to improve the quality of
life of the compatriot.
110
The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Ing
CHAPTER 4
THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MILITARIDAD
MICRODESIGN AS METHODOLOGICAL DIMENSION
Mainly in the LOFANB (2011) Article 119 speaks of the dimension Military
and Civil Military, however, it is pertinent to refer to others than equal are
very important, as is the management and training as entirety, expressing the
necessity of carrying out a process which is placed description of the functions
taken to the practice of the FANB and MB and that of responds to the basic needs
of the population with their work, always keeping the categories of instruction
and education for the people.
ƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƟŽŶŽĨ ŽŶĐƌĞƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ
ŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJĚĂŝůLJ ŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ
This contradiction in its broadest sense as it is in the defense and security concept,
have taken an important meaning in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, since
in the Latin American region, the balance of power towards the leftist political
has increased and with it the gradual loss of U.S. influence over the region.
Hence the ownership of the Bolivarian Military job , was directed to the
diplomatic military field allowing the country assume a Latin American forefront
111
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
The threats on Venezuelan territory, from the outside (given its characteristic of
energetic country with a strong socialist ideology) the use of an adequate budget
to improve Bolivarian Military job has become necessary.
The alliance of our country (in the diplomatic arena), with other countries in the
region, has contributed to a widening of the zone of mutual defense, in terms
of the doctrines in the ideological, military and operational field, requiring the
establishment of military training programs such as the presented before, aimed
at improving the appropriation of the military job with a strong Bolivarian
character since has been expanded into the civil field, involving the areas
determined by the CRBV (2009).
At the same time the results obtained will be an expression of the effectiveness
the ownership of the Bolivarian Military daily activity in the military training
model.
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
ideologically clear that ensure the excellent use of the acquisition of up to date
military technology , that make desist from any attack, any aggressor country.
Ing
Hence it is inferred that measures are adopted in peacetime (improving logistics,
purchasing of advanced technology of war and even the military daily activity
be perfected), to ensure the preservation of Venezuelan regional peace.
^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶŽĨŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕
ĚĞĨĞŶƐĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘
ƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ŽŶĐƌĞƟŽŶƐŽĨŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJ
ŽůŝǀĂƌŝĂŶŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ
ĚĂŝůLJĂĐƟǀŝƚLJ͘ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ
113
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
What was raised shows that the structural order the micro design must have
logic in the choice of programs and projects and its observation throughout
the military training process, hence the claims of science do not constitute a
disjointed set of propositions. For the case at hand between the two categories
view, constitute a system of statements linked together by logical relationships.
The fact that scientific knowledge that deals the appropriation of the Bolivarian
military Daily Activity and the realization of the military scientific research
methods is systematic is what gives it character of rationality and makes
knowledge be ordained, intelligible and coherent, in the micro design’s body.
All this is reflected in the territorial contextualization of the militarity practice,
as we see in Figure 7.
^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕
ĚĞĨĞŶƐĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘
ƉƌŽƉŝĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽůŝǀĂƌŝĂŶ ŽŶĐŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJ
ŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJĚĂŝůLJĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ
dĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ
;ŵŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚͿ
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Taking into account the speech of Fernando Soto Rojas, national assembly
deputy; this model is an organic instrument that guarantees the link between
the militia and the army, in the conception of the whole war with all the people
involved, where national security is a civic necessity. It is an antagonistic model
(like socialism of the XXI century ) with the hegemonic U.S process in its three
centuries of existence and domination but the antagony is for the good social
development, to look for solutions for the benefit of the Venezuelan society.
These dimensions must be seen from a micro view design, where the
commitment of education and teaching is implied. That resilience is implied in
thought as necessary to elucidate correctly, in the process of making decisions,
the impact on the society of the principles and values that come from behavior.
So everything matters to the compatriot behavior, hence it is necessary to delve
about the territorial dimension of militaridad, showed in Figure 8
115
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
^LJƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕
ĚĞĨĞŶƐĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘
ƉƌŽƉŝĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ ŽŶĐŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJ
ŽůŝǀĂƌŝĂŶŵŝůŝƚĂƌLJĚĂŝůLJ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐ
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ
DĞƚŽĚŽůŽŐŝĐŽĨ
DŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚ
dĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂůĐŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞ;ŵŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚͿ
On the other hand it is showed the epistemological nature of teaching, with the
outstanding methodology of militaridad that will guide the work of FANB and
MB, in its structure to join it, military knowledge and skills but also skills for
life such as higher way of subsistence of a revolutionary process in construction.
This methodology articulates the precepts and forms based on the early XXI
Century Socialism, with the active participation of all population, it means
FANB seemed as a security, defense and development complement of the people.
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
The Bolivarian thought goes beyond the formation of FANB and MB, through
the methodoligical militaridad to create a new military man, under the precepts
of scientific and military training, attached to the newest developments of
scientific information technologies, improving security, defense and the whole
development of the nation.
That also it has the conviction of the researching methods in the military
area with an ideological strong formation that is representative of the great
achievements of the Bolivarian Revolution, developed with a strong emphasis
on information, captured by the most sophisticated scientific technic means to
put face the media attack which the FANB forces and MB are exposed to, and
belong to uniformed people.
117
The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Ing
CHAPTER 5
THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF MILITARIDAD
PATTERN FOR SECURITY, DEFENSE AND INTEGRAL
DEVELOPMENT TO THE DEMOCRATIC AND SOCIAL
STATE OF LAW AND JUSTICE
Looking all the words said, the spacing pattern in militaridad into two large
dimensions, one that responds to the philosophical conceptual approach and,
as Bolivarian Military Culture and its dialectical pairs, in addition it refers
to Methodologic of militaridad as a form to carry the nexus that must exist
between the theory and the practical approach of these establishments .
Thereafter it is possible may refer to the military model as a holistic one, in the
training process and the different aspects of defense around the people in the
local context, in every conflict, from the strong power, carried through the latest
advances in science and computing and how people as better prepared, trained
and committed is, higher chances of defending the gains of the Bolivarian
Revolution.
119
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Training military
contextualization to the Bolivarian
democratic and social state
of law and justice Military
culture
Curricular
Military training sistematization to security, methodology
defense and development of the nation of militaridad
training
Concision of the
Apropiation of the military scientific
Bolivarian military researching
daily activities methods
Methodologic
of militaridad
Territorial contextualization
of the practicing of the
(militaridad)
The model is conceived through the opinion of the Colonel Nelson Garcia
Becerra, with a new approach to the Constitution, where the state and society
get together to form the concept of nation, not only from a political community,
but also in the representation of the state and its powers: social, legal and moral.
There is an agreement on this approach and besides it is said that the model
shows the society integrated by municipalities, to cover certain roles in society.
In the same ideas order, in this training model it can be identified social groups
interacting together with state organizations, in a dynamic and dialectical way
in the National Territory, where the state and Civil Society, are seen as a priority
to the International organizations. This explains why the structures of both
organizations with their structures, are jointly responsible for the defense of the
nation, providing satisfaction to the members of the society, the security of the
institutions and human beings that are part of it.
The model holistically presents the overall defense of the Nation related to the
public security and values that come from the revolutionary process the country
goes through today. The content model does not respond by itself to the potential
conflicts, (from military training), but its link with civil society, presents the
attack against corruption, environmental disasters, public calamities and
121
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
economic crises; with civil society organizations and the state and its structure
must be intertwined in the overall defense.
This model should be seen as a hole, where there is not contingency function
of its actors and look for the equity interests in defense of the nation. From this
perspective then, both Bolivarian Military Culture as the Methodological of the
Militaridad will be work to the development of people in weapons, looking for
politic, economic and social stability, improving the actual social system, where
compatriot behavior makes changes to guide the destiny society together.
So then FANB was not invited to participate as a spectator, within the militaridad
model but as a transformative agent and social changes promoter which operate
within Venezuelan society and MB serves as a junction between the FANB (as
an organized army and eco-political order) and citizens prepared to defend
social advances made by the Bolivarian Revolutionary Process.
Referring to the relationship between FANB and MB, the Colonel Fernandez
Menry argues that militiaman must be seen making important decisions
in the defense of the nation, from the community. From this perspective it
can be argued that the art of war is made to overcome the economic, social,
environmental crisis and this is expressed in the militaridad model by making
reference to Bolivarian military culture, which not only focuses on aspects of
guidance and intentionality of military training, but through methodological
curriculum for the training of militaridad, involved in cultural development
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The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
This also makes change the territorially sense from the Organic Law of the
Bolivarian National Armed Forces appropriation (2011) and putting in the
center of the work the Venezuelan society, which changes the politic military
condition in raining represented in this model.
Military and militia are intertwined, both Bolivarian, as cadres that have to go
towards finding an ideological formation, fighting spirit, unity and patriotism
in the overall defense and the security of Democratic and social state of Law
and Justice, all this can be seen synthesized and represented in Figure 9 called
“The Militaridad as a training model in the democratic and social state of law
and justice” and that with some reflections can be brought to the Bolivarian
countries as shown in Figure 10.
123
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
124
The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Ing
Taducido por:
1Tte. Norwick Andrés Meza Guzmán; Profesor en la especialidad de Inglés,
egresado de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador y cursante
de Maestría en Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en la Universidad Central de
Venezuela.
125
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Has served as a teacher in many schools in the FANB, he was a member of the
commission for the creation of the Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela,
currently holding the position of Vice Chancellor.
126
The “Militaridad” In the Social Democratic State of Rights and Justice
Ing
He graduated with a degree in military arts and sciences from the military
academy of Venezuela in 1987. He got a master in air defense and Scientiarium
in science and military arts at war high school, human resources management
at Rafael Belloso Chacin university in Maracaibo Zulia state, and doctorado in
pedagogic sciences, he got an academic degree at the Universidad de Oriente,
Santiago Cuba in 2010.
He was a member of the commission for the creation of the Bolivarian Military
University of Venezuela, creating the model university to the Bolivarian Military
University of Venezuela.
127
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana
Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
A Militaridade
No Estado democrático e
social de direito e de justiça
Fevereiro 2015
The Militaridad
In The Social Democratic
State of Rights and Justice
To My Family.
To my parents,
My wife, siblings and children
Inexhaustible source of enthusiasm and love.
To the UMBV,
Their teachers
and the Bolivarian thought,
that allowed theorize the
“Militaridad” qualities for
the men and women of the XXI century socialism
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
INDEX
Prólogo . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 135
Introdução.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 137 Por
Capítulo1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 143
CARACTERÍSTICAS DO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO
MILITAR PARA SEGURANÇA, DEFESA E
DESENVOLVIMENTO INTEGRAL NO ESTADO
DEMOCRÁTICO DE DEREITO E JUSTIÇA SOCIAL.
Capítulo 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 153
ORÇAMENTOS TEÓRICO, LEGAL E CRITÉRIOS
ESPECIALISTAS PARA SUSTENTAR O MODELO
BOLIVARIANO MILITAR DE FORMAÇÃO.
Capítulo 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 165
MODELO DE FORMAÇÃO MILITAR PARA A SEGURANÇA
DEFESA E DESENVOLVIMENTO INTEGRAL NO
ESTADO SOCIAL DEMOCRÁTICO E DIREITO E JUSTIÇA
Capítulo 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 175
ESTRUTURA TEÓRICA DA MICRODESENHO DA
MILITARIDADE COMO DIMENSÃO DE METODOLOGIA
Capítulo 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 183
ESTRUTURA TEÓRICA DO MODELO DA MILITARIDADE
PARA A SEGURANÇA, DEFESA E DESENVOLVIMENTO
INTEGRAL NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO E SOCIAL DE
DIREITO E JUSTIÇA.
LISTA DE SIGLAS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 189
REFERÊNCIAS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 190
OS AUTORES.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 193
133
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Por
PRÓLOGO
Apresentar o trabalho “A Militaridade no Estado
Democrático de Direito e da Justiça” Eu me
orgulho na minha qualidade de Vice-Ministro da
Educação para a Defesa porque dá testemunho
do compromisso que assumiram representantes
na FANB no desenvolvimento de materiais que
contribuem para a consolidação e, portanto,
aprofundando a nova visão das Forças Armadas
e da Milícia Bolivariana.
135
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
136
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Por
INTRODUÇÃO
137
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
138
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Portanto, o treinamento militar, desde a sua essência, deve estar relacionada com
o reconhecimento da natureza complexa, holística e dialética da transformação
do Estado Democrático e Social de Direito e Justiça, conforme estabelece a
Constituição da República Bolivariana de Venezuela, todos interpretados como
um todo, de modo que essa formação contribui para a integração soberana e
interiorização da identidade nacional.
142
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
CAPÍTULO 1 Por
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO MILITAR PARA
A SEGURANÇA, DEFESA E DESENVOLVIMENTO
INTEGRAL NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO E SOCIAL,
DIREITO E JUSTIÇA.
143
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
144
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
152
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
CAPÍTULO 2 Por
CRITÉRIOS E ORÇAMENTOS TEÓRICAS, LEGAIS DE
PERITOS PARA APOIAR O MODELO DE FORMAÇÃO
BOLIVARIANA MILITAR.
É por isso que uma comprovação científica de militaridade para consolidar a sua
relevância no contexto social de hoje é estabelecida. Com base no exposto, as
seguintes perguntas foram originadas: É o treinamento militar ou militaridade
uma ferramenta necessária para a realização dos processos de aprendizagem
do ser humano completo, no estado democrático e social de direito e justiça? é
militaridade um modelo teórico e metodológico que responde às necessidades
do pessoal nacional para promover a sua inclusão na transformação social da
comunidade?
153
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Sem dúvida, a formação dos militares tem um papel social importante dentro
do processo de educação formal, no entanto, o seu âmbito vai muito além da
educação escolar. Também é necessário afirmar que o modelo de treinamento
militar para o estado democrático e social de direito e da justiça é vista, se
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Isto reque ser claro sobre os métodos utilizados para tentar descrever uma
realidade e é por isso que é necessário definir e conceituar o significado de
modelo. “de acordo com Monares (2004, p 58), é “algo que representa ou e
reproduzido”, isto é, aquele que tenta representar um fenômeno nos seus aspectos
essenciais, derivando seus componentes de nível da teoria, Paramonov (2002),
concebeu o modelo como” molde ou forma, ordem e sequência de conceitos,
premissas, estratégias e regras que orientam as ações e fatos de pessoas dentro
de um contexto”
Com base no exposto e este documento define o modelo como uma forma de
representar, a partir da perspectiva-configural-realidade holística para entender
155
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
que considera que ele tem propriedades essenciais que permitem grupo, dentro
das formas de representação do conhecimento científico; através do modelo se
mostra um aspeto da realidade, refletindo o conceito de que tem os mesmos
(partes, seus relacionamentos, seus movimentos).
156
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
157
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Não obstante isso deve aprofundar ainda mais a educação ideológica das
pessoas, buscando princípios socialistas, defendendo o processo revolucionário,
onde as categorias acima mencionadas se inter-relacionam, formando um
cidadão, mais capaz, antes das adversidades climáticas, econômicas e sociais
como um miliciano disposto a defender as conquistas da revolução que está
sendo construído.
158
A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Portanto, quando as redes de apoio a estas missões devem ser claras de sua
responsabilidade em termos de defesa abrangente da nação, não só para garantir
o funcionamento do módulo de saúde conforme, alimentos, educação, etc., mas
a integridade global e soberania da nação.
Os membros da missão e redes que forma deve estar ciente de que quando
eles saem, por exemplo, da missão “Vuelvan Caras” reunidos em cooperativas
de pesca, não só deve garantir o abastecimento da população, mas ao mesmo
tempo têm a responsabilidade auxiliar no monitoramento e cuidado de áreas
aquáticas da Nação; tem que entender e manipular os conceitos de segurança
e defesa da nação e agir em momentos de detectar situações irregulares que
possam afetar esses preceitos.
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Esta articulação entre o povo e militar, hoje está refletindo a base de FAMB
fiéis como garante das instituições, mas também pode se comportar como
um ator político, uma vez que não está impedido de reconhecer as fraquezas
institucionais e uma tradição histórica de caráter hemisférico, teve que agir de
forma decisiva para preservar o equilíbrio político em várias ocasiões. Por
Em tal sentido a FANB como instituição organizada pelo Estado para garantir
a impediência e soberania da Nação, deu passo para um processo de revisão
da sua estrutura e funcionamento para adaptar-se a este novo principio de
responsabilidade nacional, defesa e desenvolvimento integral, por conseguinte,
é que também surge outro braço da FANB Bolivariana que são as milícias
Bolivarianas.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
É razoável dizer, que o militar bolivariano tem de ser formado com um corpo
diferente, é um homem de guerra feito para a paz, a partir daí as suas qualidades
humanas, mas com uma sublime vontade histórica do vencedor, qualidades que
o tornam um ser único e que os autores tem tomado à tese da Militaridade de
Aguana (2010).
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
CAPÍTULO 3 Por
MODELO DE TREINAMENTO MILITAR DE
SEGURANÇA, DEFESA E DESENVOLVIMENTO
INTEGRAL DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO SOCIAL DE
DIREITO E JUSTIÇA.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
A
Internacionalidade
Orientação ao
do Conteúdo
Conteúdo Militar
Axiológico da
Bolivariano
Militaridade
Sob esta lógica, é possível dizer que a instituição militar, na República Bolivariana
da Venezuela é chamada a desempenhar, de acordo com as necessidades da
Nação, importantes compromissos no domínio da gestão.
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
ŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽ&ŽƌŵĂƟǀĂDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂ
KƐƚĂĚŽ^ŽĐŝĂůĞĞŵŽĐƌĄƟĐŽĚĞŝƌĞŝƚŽ
É dizer que está indo para a busca dum cidadão, que é bom trabalhador ou
estudante e ao mesmo tempo fiel sentinela da segurança, defesa e desenvolvimento
integral do Estado Democrático e Social de Direito e Justiça. Não basta que os
preceitos teóricos encontram-se descritas nas funções da instituição militar ou
civil, (como é o suporte as ações de natureza territorial ou em iniciativas civis
favoráveis para a manutenção da paz e da estabilidade), mas que é na prática do
dia-a-dia, onde devem ser manifestas essas intenções.
Para isso, é necessário estabelecer uma relação concatenada dos preceitos antes
mencionados e que é evidente para a sistematização formativa militar como é
mostrado na figura 3.
ŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽ&ŽƌŵĂƟǀĂDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂ
KƐƚĂĚŽ^ŽĐŝĂůĞĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐŽĚĞ
^ŝƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ŽƌŵĂĕĆŽ
DŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂĂ^ĞŐƵƌĂŶĕĂ͕ĞĨĞƐĂ
ĞŽĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀŝŵĞŶƚŽ/ŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĂ
Nação.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
^ŝƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ŽƌŵĂĕĆŽDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂĂ
^ĞŐƵƌĂŶĕĂ͕ĞĨĞƐĂĞŽĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀŝŵĞŶƚŽ
/ŶƚĞŐƌĂůĚĂEĂĕĆŽ
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
CAPÍTULO 4 Por
ESTRUTURA TEÓRICA DO MICRO DESENHO DA
MILITARIDADE COMO DIMENSÃO METODOLÓGICA
ZĞĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽĚŽƐ
Dotação da Faena Métodos de
Militar Bolivariana /ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂĕĆŽ
ŝĞŶơĮĐĂDŝůŝƚĂƌ
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Daí que as dotações do militar Bolivariana têm sido direcionadas para o terreno
militar e diplomático que permita ao país assumir uma posição de vanguarda
na América Latina, no que diz respeito à melhoria das estruturas de defesa da
nação e seu serviço caracteriza-se pela adopção de convenções em as questões
de segurança interna e de defesa, bem como no mar, não só com países latinos,
mas com países mais avançados, como a China e a Rússia, que estão no caminho
do enfraquecimento do poder americano na região.
Por sua vez, o resultado obtido, será a expressão do efetivo que será a dotação da
faena militar bolivariana dentro do modelo de formação militar.
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Toda esta relação dialética execução através da propriedade do militar bolivariano Por
e a realização dos métodos de investigação científica militar e identificar os
critérios de impacto, a relevância e a optimização do processo, respectivamente.
A partir daqui segue-se a necessária sistematização da formação militar para a
segurança, a defesa e o desenvolvimento integral da nação como pode ser visto
abaixo na figura 6.
^ŝƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ŽƌŵĂĕĆŽDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂĂ^ĞŐƵƌĂŶĕĂ͕
Defesa e Desenvolvimiento da Nação
Por um lado, ele deve mover-se para frente de forma preconcebida, construindo
um corpo da tese que justificam o investimento em tecnologia militar avançada
de científicos e por outro lado este investimento deve responder às necessidades
da aquisição do militar bolivariano. Por que o modelo de formação da
177
militaridade torna-se um sistema de observações e argumentos intimamente
inter-relacionados, (dedutivo) para dar uma conta com um alto grau de
confiabilidade, o processo de sistematização.
Isto mostra-nos que a ordens estruturais devem ter lógica, a escolha dos
programas e dos projetos e a sua observação ao longo do processo formativo
militar, daí que as reivindicações da ciência não são um conjunto de proposições.
Para o caso em que temos entre as duas categorias opinião, constituem um
sistema de enunciados interligados por relacionamentos lógicos.
^ŝƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ŽƌŵĂĕĆŽDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂĂ^ĞŐƵƌĂŶĕĂ͕
ĞĨĞƐĂĞĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀŝŵĞŶƚŽĚĂEĂĕĆŽ
ŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ĂĞŶĂDŝůŝƚĂƌ ZĞĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽĚŽƐDĠƚŽĚŽƐĚĞ
ŽůŝǀĂƌŝĂŶĂ /ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂĕĆŽŝĞŶơĮĐĂDŝůŝƚĂƌ
ŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽĚĂWƌĄƟĐĂĚĂ
DŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚĞdĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
princípios e valores para a sociedade. Assim, se não há nada que seja estranho
à conduta dos maus tratos, por isso, é necessário um aprofundamento sobre a
dimensão territorial da militaridade, que aparece na figura 8.
^ŝƐƚĞŵĂƟnjĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ŽƌŵĂĕĆŽDŝůŝƚĂƌƉĂƌĂĂ^ĞŐƵƌĂŶĕĂ͕
ĞĨĞƐĂĞĞƐĞŶǀŽůǀŝŵĞŶƚŽĚĂEĂĕĆŽ
ŽƚĂĕĆŽĚĂ&ĂĞŶĂDŝůŝƚĂƌ ZĞĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽĚŽƐDĠƚŽĚŽƐĚĞ
ŽůŝǀĂƌŝĂŶĂ /ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂĕĆŽŝĞŶơĮĐĂDŝůŝƚĂƌ
DĞƚŽĚŽůſŐŝĐĂĚĂ
DŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚĞ
ŽŶƚĞdžƚƵĂůŝnjĂĕĆŽĚĂƉƌĄƟĐĂĚĞ
ŵŝůŝƚĂƌŝĚĂĚƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌŝĂů
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
CAPÍTULO 5 Por
ESTRUTURA TEÓRICA DO MODELO DA MILITARIDADE
PARA A SEGURANÇA, DEFESA E DESENVOLVIMENTO
INTEGRAL DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO SOCIAL DE
DIREITO E JUSTIÇA.
É necessário que fique claro que, tendo em conta que a abordagem dos
especialistas consultados que os últimos modelos de aprendizagem, não
tributavam para a segurança nacional, além disso, que não é identificado com
a defesa do espaço territorial competente a cada miliciano e cada membro da
FANB deu a impressão de que estes sujeitos estavam em espaços distintos. Para
os autores de critérios desta reflexão, o modelo atual sistematiza o projeto social
que se vive na Venezuela bolivariana, a partir duma abordagem sócio-produtiva
contextualizada e que leva a defesa do Estado democrático e social de direito e
de justiça.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Training military
contextualization to the Bolivarian
democratic and social state
of law and justice Military
culture
Curricular
Military training sistematization to security, methodology
defense and development of the nation of militaridad
training
Concision of the
Apropiation of the military scientific
Bolivarian military researching
daily activities methods
Methodologic
of militaridad
Territorial contextualization
of the practicing of the
(militaridad)
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Para isso, será necessário estabelecer um plano nacional de defesa geral, visto
através do modelo atual da militaridade, que no futuro irá resultar em programas
de desenvolvimento da defesa geral, com seus projetos envolvendo as milícias
como núcleo da nação em armas. Os projetos que emanam das tarefas que lhe
são confiadas a MB, param se materializar como um complemento da FANB,
em sua projeção do cívico-militar.
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
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A Militaridade no Estado Democrático de Direito e da Justiça
Por
Lista de acrônimos
Cnel. Coronel
Cmdte. Comandante
Dip. Deputado
MG-Major-General
P. Página
Tcnel. Tenente-Coronel
4F. 4 de Fevereiro
27N. 27 de Novembro
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Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana / Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Referências
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Alvarez, R. Para um currículo abrangente e contextualizado. La Habana, cuba: Academia,
1996.
Arnaz, J. Planejamento de currículo. México: Relaxa 1991.
Avendano Lugo, J. Militarismo na Venezuela. A ditadura de Pérez Jimenez. Caracas:
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Berkowitz M, W. Um primer de avaliação, uma iniciativa de educação do caracter. Parceria
de educação de caráter. Washington, DC: Associação para educação de caracteres, 1998.
Boldieriev, s. O mestre guia. Moscou: Prosveschenie, 1974.
Boorstin, D J. The Discoverers. 1983. http://www.sciencedirect.com?_ob=
Redirect URL&_method=outwardlink&_originPage=article (último acceso: 14 de
(Fevereiro de 2012).
Bozhovich, L. Personalidade e sua formação na idade da criança. La Habana: povo e
educação, 1976.
Cavaleiro, M. A morte do Militar. Escritos polêmicos. Caracas: Alfa, 2007.
Cardoso, J. Variantes de conteúdos no ensino. A revista, cubana 1998:14.
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org/ artigo/1785 / (acessado: 28 de janeiro de 2012).
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http://www.Gees.org/articulo/1785/ (acessado: 14 de fevereiro de 2012).
Carreira, G. Bolivarianismo uma ideologia de substituição. Caracas: Alan Cuervo C.A,
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Carvalho, N. Ética e sociedade: uma abordagem para o estudo da ética, a moral e os
valores humana. Havana: Ciências sociais, 1996.
F, H. Chávez a doutrina militar bolivariana e o poder nacional. ALO Presidenteteorico,
2009.
F, H. Chávez a doutrina militar bolivariana e o poder nacional. Caracas, Venezuela:
MPPIC, 2012...
F, radicalmente bolivariana H. Chávez e revolucionário. Caracas, Venezuela: Correio do
Orinoco, 2012.
Chávez, J. R Abordagens atuais para a pesquisa científica educacional. Havana: ICCP,
2002.
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Gral. Div. Samir Sayegh Assal
Nascido em Valencia, em 5 de Outubro de 1964, formou-se diplomado em
ciências e artes militares na Academia Militar de Venezuela em 1985, mestre em
Ciências e artes militares, Escola Superior do Exército no ano de 2002.
Ele serviu como professor em diferentes escolas, de la FANB; foi era um dos
membros da Comissão para a criação da Universidade Militar Bolivariana da
Venezuela, atualmente detém a posição de Vice-Presidente para a UMBV.
Gral. Brig. Rafael José Aguana Núñez
Nascido em Caracas em 19 de agosto de 1966, teve o ensino, pesquisa, e a diretiva
experiência desde 1998, em centros de educação e universidades militares
nacionais público e privado, é Professor associado do PIC da Universidade
Nacional Experimental Politécnica das Forças Armadas.