Central Air Conditioning

Buildings and large infrastructures generally have central air conditioning. A central air conditioning
unit uses a split system for its condenser and compressor. The evaporator is attached to an air
handling mechanism or a forced air furnace. The whole system is housed in a packaged unit that is
often located outdoors, such as a rooftop or an outhouse.

Cooled air is distributed to the different floors and rooms through air ducts. A tenant may raise or
lower the temperature through controls located in each room. Some buildings do not have such
temperature controls. Tenants will have to deal with the common temperature set for all floors.

Bangunan dan infrastruktur besar umumnya mempunyai penghawa

dingin pusat. Unitpenyaman
udara pusat menggunakan sistem yang berpecah untuk pemeluwap danpema
mpat. Penyejat dilampirkan kepada satu
mekanisme pengendalian udara ataurelau udara paksa. Keseluruhan
sistem ini ditempatkan di dalam unit satu pakej yangsering terletak di luar
bangunan, seperti di atas bumbung atau bangunan tambahan.
Udara disejukkan diagihkan kepada lantai bilik
dan berbeza melalui saluran udara.Penyewa boleh meningkatkan atau
menurunkan suhu melalui kawalan yang terletakdalam setiap bilik. Beberapa
bangunan tidak mempunyai apa-
apa kawalan suhu.Penyewa akan terpaksa berhadapan
dengan suhu biasa yang ditetapkan untuk semua tingkat.

There are advantages to using a centralized air conditioning system. With the unit located outdoors,
tenants are not bothered with the ambient noise that comes with a running air conditioning unit.

A sophisticated filtering system also cleans the air circulated in the whole building. Through various
return-air ducts, room air is continually pulled and filtered. Through this process, dust particles and
even microscopic pollutants are weeded out from the circulating air.

Terdapat kelebihan untuk menggunakan sistem penghawa

dingin berpusat. Dengan unit yang terletak di luar
rumah, penyewa yang tidak peduli dengan bunyi ambien yangdilengkapi
dengan unit penyaman udara berjalan.
Satu sistem penapisan yang canggih juga membersihkan udara yang diedark
an diseluruh bangunan. Melalui saluran udara kembali pelbagai, udara bilik ter
us ditarik danditapis. Melalui proses ini, zarah habuk dan juga bahan
pencemar mikroskopik siangdari udara beredar.

A centralized air conditioning unit also allows building administrators and engineers to control the
energy consumption and voltage requirements of tenants. With a centralized air conditioning unit,
tenants need not plug in their own stand-alone air conditioning unit.

In cooling or controlling temperatures, it is important that you can determine and dictate the total
temperature. This is because it is easier and more economical to cool rooms with consistent
temperatures. With a centralized air conditioning unit, you can do such.

Unit penyaman
udara berpusat juga membolehkan pentadbir dan jurutera bangunanuntuk
mengawal penggunaan tenaga dan
keperluan voltan penyewa. Dengan unitpenyaman udara berpusat, penyewa ti
dak perlu pasangkan mereka sendiri unitpenyaman udara bersendirian.
Dalam menyejukkan atau mengawal suhu, ia adalah penting bahawa anda
bolehmenentukan dan menentukan jumlah suhu. Ini adalah kerana ia lebih
mudah dan lebih menjimatkan untuk bilik sejuk dengan
suhu yang konsisten. Dengan unit penyamanudara berpusat, anda boleh
melakukan apa-apa.

When choosing the right brand or model for a central air conditioning unit, consider its filtering ability.
Circulating air must be kept clean and fresh. Otherwise, you will be spreading pollutants to all areas
of your building.

To give your tenants utmost convenience, you may have to provide them with the means to control
the temperature on their respective floors. You may have to work with an architect to equip each
floor with built-in controls.

Apabila memilih jenama atau model untuk unit penyaman udara pusat,
pertimbangkankeupayaan penapisan. Udara beredar mesti sentiasa
bersih dan segar. Jika tidak, anda akan menyebarkan bahan
pencemar kepada semua bidang bangunan anda.
Untuk memberikan penyewa anda kenyamanan, anda mungkin perlu
menyediakanmereka dengan cara-cara untuk mengawal suhu di
tingkat masing-masing. Anda mungkin perlu bekerja dengan arkitek untuk
melengkapkan setiap tingkat dengankawalan terbina dalam.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/221646

Air conditioners consist of many parts, but three of

them are the most important. These three parts
embody the principle of air conditioning in such
devices as air conditioners.
The evaporator, the condenser and the compressor
form the basis of all air conditioners. The
evaporator is set inside the device, the rest
outside.
What is the principle, the scheme of operation
than engages all three parts? Successive heating
and cooling of a volatile liquid (e.g. Freon) is the
first step. Highly volatile liquid is compressed by
compressor into a gas, which make the liquid
cooler and produce heat. The heat is radiated by
means of a fan. The next step is the condenser.
The liquid enters the condenser, absorbs the heat from surroundings and reconverts into a gas.
Thus, the area becomes cool. The process is cyclical; it repeats over and over again making the
room cool.
Penghawa dingin terdiri daripada bahagian-
bahagian yang banyak, tetapi tigadaripada mereka adalah yang
paling penting. Ketiga-tiga bahagian ini mengandungiprinsip penyaman udara
di peranti seperti penghawa dingin.
Penyejat, pemeluwap dan pemampat membentuk asas
kepada semua penghawa dingin. Penyejat ditetapkan di dalam peranti
ini, selebihnya di luar.
Apakah prinsip, skim operasi daripada melibatkan diri ketiga-
tiga bahagian?Berturut-turut pemanasan dan penyejukan cecair tidak
menentu (Freon contohnya)adalah langkah pertama. Cecair amat tidak
menentu dimampatkan oleh pemampatmenjadi
gas, yang membuat sejuk cecair dan menghasilkan haba. Haba
yangdipancarkan melalui kipas. Langkah seterusnya
ialah pemeluwap. Cecair memasukipemeluwap, menyerap
haba daripada persekitaran dan reconverts menjadi gas.Oleh itu, kawasan itu
menjadi sejuk. Proses kitaran, ia mengulangi berulang-ulangsekali
lagi membuat bilik sejuk.
Others air conditioners parts are as follows: two fans (outside and inside), a hot coil dissipating heat
(outside), a control circuit and a cold coil absorbing the heat (inside). The control circuit enables
us to regulate the temperature, which is achieved through increasing or slowing the rotation speed
of the fans.
The most important air conditioner part is, doubtlessly, the compressor. A good quality
compressor is sure to be effective and last at least several years. Warranty is always offered for
such air conditioner part, so if the old compressor proved worthless it is a good time to install a
new one. The best thing to do, when it comes to changing the compressor, is to buy a compressor
of the same manufacturer as the air conditioner. However, few companies manufacture
compressors on their own. In most cases they purchase ready-made compressors.
Evaporator and condenser are also replaceable. Heating and cooling coils are to be replaced if
their performance isn’t flawless.
Lain-lain bahagian penghawa dingin adalah seperti berikut: dua peminat (luar
dan dalam), gegelung panas melesapkan haba (di
luar), litar kawalan dan gegelung sejukmenyerap haba (dalam). Litar
kawalan membolehkan kita untuk mengawal suhu, yangdapat dicapai melalui
peningkatan atau memperlahankan kelajuan putaran peminat.
Bahagian penghawa dingin yang paling
penting, doubtlessly, pemampat. Pemampatkualiti yang baik pasti akan berke
san dan terakhir pada tahun-
kurangnya beberapa.Waranti sentiasa ditawarkan
untuk sebahagian penyaman udara itu, jadi jikapemampat lama terbukti tidak
bernilai, ia adalah masa yang baik untuk memasangyang
baru. Perkara terbaik untuk dilakukan, apabila
ia datang untuk mengubahpemampat, untuk membeli sebuah
pemampat pengilang yang sama sepertipenghawa dingin. Walau
bagaimanapun, beberapa syarikat pengeluar pemampatsendiri. Dalam
kebanyakan kes, mereka membeli pemampat sedia ada.
Penyejat dan pemeluwap juga diganti. Pemanasan dan pendinginan gegelung
ini akan digantikan jika prestasi mereka tidak sempurna.
Actually all air conditioner parts have some function in this complex mechanism. Dissatisfactory
operation of a part may lead to improper operation of the other. That is why maintenance is
important, especially in respect of the most significant parts.
As for less significant parts e.g. fans they are normally easier to remove. Anybody can remove a
faulty fan from the air conditioner, only a screw driver is needed.
The rest parts of an air conditioner are outer cover, knobs and buttons. They are replaceable;
what is more, these parts are available on market and are relatively cheap.
Sebenarnya semua bahagian penghawa dingin mempunyai
beberapa fungsi di dalammekanisme kompleks ini. Operasi tidak
memuaskan bahagian boleh membawa kepada operasi yang
lain yang tidak wajar. Itulah mengapa penyelenggaraan adalahpenting, teruta
ma berkenaan bahagian-bahagian yang paling ketara.
Bagi kurang
signifikan bahagian contohnya peminat mereka biasanya lebih mudahuntuk
menghapuskan. Sesiapa sahaja
boleh mengeluarkan kipas rosak daripenghawa dingin, hanya seorang
pemandu skru adalah diperlukan.
Bahagian-bahagian lain penyaman udara penutup luar, tombol dan
butang. Merekadiganti, apa yang lebih, bahagian-bahagian ini boleh
didapati di pasaran dan agak murah.

Central air conditioners have two separate components: the condenser and the evaporator. The
condenser unit is usually located outside the house on a concrete slab. The evaporator coil is
mounted in the plenum or main duct junction above the furnace.

Most central air conditioners are connected to a home's forced-air distribution system. Thus, the
same motor, blower, and ductwork used for heating are used to distribute cool air from the air
conditioning system. When a central air conditioner is operating, hot air inside the house flows to the
furnace through the return-air duct. The hot air is moved by the blower across the cooled evaporator
coil in the plenum and is then delivered through ducts to cool the house. When the air conditioner
works but the house doesn't cool, the problem is probably in the distribution system.

pusat penghawa dingin mempunyai dua

komponen yang berasingan: pemeluwap danpenyejat. Unit pemeluwap biasa
nya terletak di luar
rumah pada papak konkrit.Gegelung penyejat dipasang di persimpangan rapa
t pleno atau saluran utama di atasrelau.
Penghawa dingin yang paling
tengah disambungkan kepada sistem pengedaranudara paksa rumah. Oleh it
u, motor yang sama, penghembus, dan pekerjaan
saluranyang digunakan untuk pemanasan digunakan
untuk mengedarkan udara sejuk darisistem penghawa
dingin. Apabila penyaman udara pusat operasi, udara panas dalam
rumah mengalir ke relau melalui salur udara kembali. Udara
panas digerakkan olehpenghembus merentasi gegelung penyejat yang diseju
kkan dalam sidang pleno dankemudiannya dihantar melalui saluran untuk
menyejukkan rumah. Apabila kerja-kerjapenyaman udara tetapi rumah
itu tidak sejuk, masalah ini mungkin di dalam sistem pengagihan.
Both the evaporator and the condenser are sealed. Therefore, a professional service person should
be called for almost any maintenance other than routine cleaning. Central air conditioners should be
professionally inspected and adjusted before the beginning of every cooling season. However, don't
let your maintenance end with this annual checkup. While there aren't many repairs you can make
yourself, there are specific maintenance procedures you can follow to keep your system operating at
peak efficiency.

Kedua-dua penyejat dan pemeluwap dimeteraikan. Oleh

itu, seseorang perkhidmatan profesional harus
dipanggil untuk hampir penyelenggaraan apa-apa selain
daripadapembersihan rutin. pusat penghawa
dingin perlu profesional diperiksa dandiselaraskan sebelum permulaan tiap-
tiap musim penyejukan. Walau bagaimanapun,jangan
biarkan akhir penyelenggaraan anda dengan pemeriksaan tahunan
ini.Walaupun tidak pembaikan yang banyak anda boleh
membuat diri anda, terdapatprosedur penyelenggaraan khusus anda
boleh ikuti untuk menyimpan sistem operasianda pada kecekapan puncak.
Caution: Before doing any work on an air conditioning system, make sure the power to the system,
both to the condenser and to the evaporator assembly, is turned off.

Central air conditioners are made up of two separate components: the condenser unit, located
outside the house on a concrete slab, and the evaporator coil above the furnace
Drawing courtesy of Air-Conditioning-And-Refrigeration.Com

The Compressor (Figure 1)

The heart of every air conditioner system- automotive air conditioner, home window air
conditioner, or central air conditioner-is the compressor. Residential systems use a hermetically
sealed compressor unit. Hermetically sealed compressors combine an electric motor and
compressor in a single unit. Automotive air conditioning systems use a radial compressor
powered by the car engine. The compressor takes in low-pressure gas at its "Inlet," compresses
it, and discharges it as a high-pressure gas at its outlet. The pressures involved are different for
different refrigerants. For refrigerant R134a, the environmental refrigerants used in modern
automotive air conditioners, the suction side pressure is between 25 and 40 psi and the
discharge side, the high side, pressure is between 225 and 250 psi.

The Condenser (Figure 2)

The condenser take in the high pressure gas, represented by the red dots in the drawing, and
changes its state to a liquid, represented by the solid red in the drawing. The change of state
occurs when the temperature of the refrigerant is 25 to 30 degrees higher than the ambient
temperature. If the outside temperature is 90 degrees, the change of state occurs when the
refrigerant is between 105 and 120 degrees. The air flowing through the condenser cools the
gas and causes it to change state from gas to liquid, the condenser fan in a home air
conditioner is powered by a small electric motor, in a car, it is the same fan that forces air
through the engine’s radiator.

The Dryer

The liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser passes through a "Dryer" on its way to the
evaporator. A dryer may be a stand-alone component as shown in this basic diagram, or it may
be part of an accumulator/dryer or receiver/dryer. Whatever configuration the dryer takes, it
serves the same purpose removing water vapor from the refrigerant. The dryer contains a
desiccant that absorbs water. The dryer is the component that is replaced every time the system
is opened up for repairs.

The Metering Device (Figure 4)

The metering device may be an expansion valve or an orifice tube. An expansion valve and an
orifice tube work differently but they serve the same purpose. As the liquid refrigerant passes
through the metering device, its pressure drops from around 225 psi to about 70 psi. As the
pressure decreases, the temperature of the refrigerant drops from around 110 degrees to
around 40 degrees. At 40 degrees Fahrenheit, refrigerants start to evaporate causes an even
greater drop in temperature. As warm air flows through the evaporator, the cold refrigerant gas
absorbs heat. The heated gas is returned to the compressor through the suction line
represented by the blue dots.

At the risk of having over simplified the physics of refrigeration, there you have it. Maybe I wall
do an article, or even several articles on the physics involved at some point in the future.

About Jerry Walch

I have been a professional freelance writer since the early 1970s. I started out writing fiction but
soon moved into doing technical writing for hire. Having been an avid do it yourselfer for over
fifty years, I now specialize in writing for the DIY markets. I have done everything from auto
mechanics to wood working and my writing runs the gamut as well. Having worked in the
electrical trades for over forty years, my work for hire involves doing technical manuals for
equipment manufacturers