EXPANDER

Menurunkan tekanan udara dari Reaktor-01

Kondisi Operasi :
T1 = 350.0000
P1 = 41.0000
P2 = 1.0000
Laju alir, W = 523,413.3489
= 1,153,927.5373
= 19,232.1256
Faktor keamanan, f = 10.0000
Viskositas Campuran 0.0251
Menentukan densitas
ρ = (P BM/RT)/1000
R= 0.0001 m3 atm/mol K

Komponen BM Kmol
Toluene 92.130000 1630.169841
Paraxylene 106.160000 652.067936
Air 18.016000 4704.204398
Nitrogen 28.020000 7824.815236
Metanol 32.040000 0.000000
total 14811.257411

2. Data- Data
Laju Alir Massa (W) =
=
=

Komponen A
Metaxylene -16.7250
Ortoxylene 0.1820
Paraxylene -17.3600
Toluene -24.0970
Air 33.9330
Nitrogen 29.3420

Komponen Mol (kmol)

Paraxylene 652.0679
Toluene 1630.1698
Air 4704.2044
Nitrogen 7824.8152
Total 14811.2574

R= 8.3140
 Cp cam = 59.9857
Cv = Cpcam-R = 51.6717
Cp campuran
k= Cp cam  R

k= 1.160900

Menentukan laju alir volumetric, Q

Q = Laju alir massa/ Densitas

Q =
=

Faktor keamanan =
maka, Q =

Temperatur keluar Expander

T1 =
K =

T2 =

Panas Input
Qin =

Panas Output
T2 =
Tref =

Komponen kmol
Toluene 1630.1698
Paraxylene 652.0679
Air 4704.2044
Nitrogen 7824.8152
Metanol 0
Total 14811.2574

Range effisiensi expander adalah 85-90 % (Wallas, 65)

η =
Power
Power =
=
=
=

Menghitung Diameter Optimum Pipa

Di opt 3,9 Q0,45ρ0,13
2.4943

Digunakan data steel pipe, nominal pipe size 3,5 in (Geankoplis, 1993 : Appendix A.5-1) de

Schedule Number 40.0000

Outside Diameter (OD) (inch) 4.0000

Inside Diameter (ID) (inch) 3.5480

Flow Area (At) (m2) 0.0064

Kecepatan Linear Aliran (v)

v=

v = 0.80596604

Reynold Number (NRe)

Nre =
Nre = 9481.3700640929

Menghitung Friction Losses Aliran Fluida

Friksi Pada Pipa Lurus (Ff)

Ff = 0.0537799209

Friksi pada Fitting dan Valve (hf)

hf =

0.0184735144

Friksi yang Disebabkan Konstraksi Pipa (hc)

hc = dimana

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis, 1993).
Kc

hc

hc

Friksi yang Disebabkan Ekspansi Pipa (hex)

hex = dimana

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis, 1993).
Kex = 1
hex = (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-15)

hex = 0.0100948166

Total Friksi (ΣF) = Ff +hf + hc+ hex

0.087900401

Daya ditentukan dengan Mechanical Energy Balance Equation :

Diasumsikan :
v1 = v2 0.80596604
P1 41.0000
P2 1.0000
z1 0
z2 1
g 9.806

Ws 32.2219254287
m 320.5354

Range efisiensi expander adalah 85-90% (Wallas,65)

η = 85%

BHP = 22.0925532122

Dari Gambar 14.38 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003) dengan daya pompa, BHP = 22,0925 hp m
Power = 25.1051741047
18720.9251024
1 Hp 745.7
 Summary
Expander 01 (E-01)
Fungsi Menurunkan Tekanan keluaran R-02
Tipe Turbin
Laju alir massa, m3/jam 18,472.78
Temperatur masuk, oC 350
Temperatur keluar, oC 209.1880
Tekanan masuk, atm 41
Tekanan keluar, atm 1
Safety factor, % 10
Power, HP 25
Jumlah 2 buah (1 cadangan)
Bahan Stainless Steel
C = 623.1500 K
atm
atm
Kg/jam
lb/jam
lb/min 320.5354 lb/s
%
cP

Xi ρ (Kg/m3) ρ cam (Kg/m3)

0.110063 73.868761 8.130210
0.044025 85.117852 3.747327
0.317610 14.445019 4.587883
0.528302 22.466110 11.868888
0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 konversi m3 ke ft3
1.000000 195.897742 28.334308 35.315

523413.3489 kg/jam
1154126.4343 lb/jam
19235.4406 lb/min

B C D E
0.5642 -0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
0.5134 -0.0002 0.0000 0.0000
0.5647 -0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
0.5219 -0.0003 0.0000 0.0000
-0.0084 0.0000 0.0000 3.6934E-12
-0.0035 0.0000 0.0000 2.5935E-13

Cp Fraksi Cp Campuran (kJ/kmol.K) BM

237.6418 0.0440 10.4622 92.1300
200.2869 0.1101 22.0442 106.1600
36.5436 0.3176 11.6066 18.0160
30.0448 0.5283 15.8727 28.0200
504.5171 1.0000 59.9857

kJ/kmol K 1.9870 kkal/kmol K Densitas (ρ)=

kJ/kmol

1 m3/jam= 0.0098095957

18,472.7769 m3/jam
181.2105 ft3/jam 0.0503362427 ft3/s

10.0000 %
199.3315 ft3/jam 0.0553698669 ft3/s

350.0000 C
1.1609

209.1880 C 140.8120

250,998,151.6553 kJ/jam (tabel liat di neraca panas)

209.1880 C = 482.3380
25.0000 C = 298.1500

Cp dT Q (kj)
24550.8517764394 40022058.1333055
29880.0159639035 19483800.3474742
6499.3725601009 30574376.9808305
5437.9099172901 42550640.1770423
0 0
132630875.638652

Neraca panas ,Q = Qin - Qout

= 118,367,276.0166 Kj/jam

85.0000 % = 0.8500
 ηxQ
100,612,184.6141 kj/jam 1 kj/jam =
37,478.6525 Hp
37,479.0000 Hp

(Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003 : Pers. 45)

inch

plis, 1993 : Appendix A.5-1) dengan spesifikasi :

0.3333 ft

0.2956 ft

0.0687 ft2

ft/s

(Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.5-1)

(Aliran Turbulen karena > 2100)

Dimana :
ε (m) 0.000046 (commercial steel pipe)
ID (m) 0.09011
sehingga,
ε/ID 0.00051 (Geankoplis, 1997)
f 0.004 (Fanning Friction Factor untuk aliran turbulen, diperoleh dari Fig
ΔL (m) 30 98.42517 ft
Gc (ft/s2) 32.174 32.174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2

(Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2-10-17)

lbf.ft/lbm
 Kc =

2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis, 1993).

=
0.55
= (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-16)

0.0055521491 lbf.ft/lbm

Kex =

2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis, 1993).

: Pers. 2.10-15)

lbf.ft/lbm

[Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-18]

lbf.ft/lbm

lbf.ft/lbm 32.174
atm -0.0399749723
atm 0.087900401
m
m 3.28084 ft
m/s2 32 ft/s2

lbf.ft/lbm
lb/s

Hp

ya pompa, BHP = 22,0925 hp maka diperoleh efesiensi motor (ηm) = 88%

Hp
Watt
Watt
rsi m3 ke ft3
1000.6260847 Kg/ft3

T
623.1500 K

BM Mix Cp mix (kJ/kg.K) Cp mix (Btu/lb.F)

4.0560377358
2.4262434428
3.6863750823
8.3855964732
18.5543 3.2329901746 0.7723613527

1.0000 kg/m3 0.0624 lb/ft3

ft3/jam

K
K
 0.0003725061 hp

ulen, diperoleh dari Figure 2.10-3 (geankoplis,1997)

Viskositas Gas A+BT+CT^2 micropoise T, K
Komponen A B C Temperatur
Paraxylene -17.226 0.25098 -0.000028232 350
Toluene 1.787 0.23566 -9.3508E-06
Air -36.826 0.429 -0.0000162
Nitrogen 42.606 0.475 -0.0000988

Komponen Mol (kmol) Fraksi Viskositas Viskositas Campuran

Paraxylene 652.0679 0.0440 128.2093 5.6444
Toluene 1630.1698 0.1101 145.0075 15.9599
Air 4704.2044 0.3176 224.2146 71.2128
Nitrogen 7824.8152 0.5283 300.2366 158.6156
Total 14811.2574 1.0000 251.4328

251.4328 micropoise 0.0251432779 cP

 623.15 K

Campuran