1. What do I need to create and run an ASP.NET application?

• Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP.

• ASP.NET, which can be either the redistributable (included in the .NET SDK) or Visual
Studio .NET.

1. When was ASP.NET released?

ASP.NET is a part of the .NET framework which was released as a software platform in 2002.

2. Explain Namespace.

Namespaces are logical groupings of names used within a program. There may be multiple

namespaces in a single application code, grouped based on the identifiers’ use. The name of any

given identifier must appear only once in its namespace.

3. List the types of Authentication supported by ASP.NET.

o Windows (default)

o Forms

o Passport

o None (Security disabled)

4. What is CLR?

Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a run-time environment that manages the execution of .NET

code and provides services like memory management, debugging, security, etc. The CLR is also

known as Virtual Execution System (VES).

5. What is CLI?

The CLI is a set of specifications for a runtime environment, including a common type system, base

class library, and a machine-independent intermediate code known as the Common Intermediate

Language (CIL). (Source: Wikipedia.)

6. List the various stages of Page-Load lifecycle.

 o Init()

o Load()

o PreRender()

o Unload()

7. Explain Assembly and Manifest.

An assembly is a collection of one or more files and one of them (DLL or EXE) contains a special

metadata called Assembly Manifest. The manifest is stored as binary data and contains details like

versioning requirements for the assembly, the author, security permissions, and list of files forming

the assembly. An assembly is created whenever a DLL is built. The manifest can be viewed
programmatically by making use of classes from the System.Reflection namespace. The tool

Intermediate Language Disassembler (ILDASM) can be used for this purpose. It can be launched

from the command prompt or via Start> Run.

8. What is Shadow Copy?

In order to replace a COM component on a live dedicated server, it was necessary to stop the entire

website, copy the new files and then restart the website. This is not feasible for the web servers

that need to be always running. .NET components are different. They can be overwritten at any

time using a mechanism called Shadow Copy. It prevents the Portable Executable (PE) files like

DLLs and EXEs from being locked. Whenever new versions of the PEs are released, they are

automatically detected by the CLR and the changed components will be automatically loaded. They

will be used to process all new requests not currently executing, while the older version still runs

the currently executing requests. By bleeding out the older version, the update is completed.

9. What is DLL Hell?

DLL hell is the problem that occurs when an installation of a newer application might break or

hinder other applications as newer DLLs are copied into the system and the older applications do

not support or are not compatible with them. .NET overcomes this problem by supporting multiple

versions of an assembly at any given time. This is also called side-by-side component versioning.

10. Explain Web Services.

 Web services are programmable business logic components that provide access to functionality

through the Internet. Standard protocols like HTTP can be used to access them. Web services are

based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is an application of XML. Web services

are given the .asmx extension.

11. Explain Windows Forms.

Windows Forms is employed for developing Windows GUI applications. It is a class library that gives

developers access to Windows Common Controls with rich functionality. It is a common GUI library

for all the languages supported by the .NET Framework.

12. What is Postback?

When an action occurs (like button click), the page containing all the controls within the<FORM...

> tag performs an HTTP POST, while having itself as the target URL. This is called Postback.

13. Explain the differences between server-side and client-side code?

Server side scripting means that all the script will be executed by the server and interpreted as

needed. Client side scripting means that the script will be executed immediately in the browser such

as form field validation, clock, email validation, etc. Client side scripting is usually done in VBScript

or JavaScript. Since the code is included in the HTML page, anyone can see the code by viewing the

page source. It also poses as a possible security hazard for the client computer.

14. Enumerate the types of Directives.

o @ Page directive

o @ Import directive

o @ Implements directive

o @ Register directive

o @ Assembly directive

o @ OutputCache directive

o @ Reference directive

15. What is Code-Behind?

 Code-Behind is a concept where the contents of a page are in one file and the server-side code is in

another. This allows different people to work on the same page at the same time and also allows

either part of the page to be easily redesigned, with no changes required in the other.
An Inherits attribute is added to the @ Page directive to specify the location of the Code-Behind

file to the ASP.NET page.

16. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.

Inline code is written along side the HTML in a page. There is no separate distinction between

design code and logic code. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by

the .aspx page.

17. List the ASP.NET validation controls?

o RequiredFieldValidator

o RangeValidator

o CompareValidator

o RegularExpressionValidator

o CustomValidator

o ValidationSummary

18. What is Data Binding?

Data binding is a way used to connect values from a collection of data (e.g. DataSet) to the

controls on a web form. The values from the dataset are automatically displayed in the controls

without having to write separate code to display them.

19. Describe Paging in ASP.NET.

The DataGrid control in ASP.NET enables easy paging of the data. The AllowPagingproperty of

the DataGrid can be set to True to perform paging. ASP.NET automatically performs paging and

provides the hyperlinks to the other pages in different styles, based on the property that has been
set for PagerStyle.Mode.

20. Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
 All user input data validation should occur on the server and minimally on the client-side, though it

is a good way to reduce server load and network traffic because we can ensure that only data of the

appropriate type is submitted from the form. It is totally insecure. The user can view the code used

for validation and create a workaround for it. Secondly, the URL of the page that handles the data is

freely visible in the original form page. This will allow unscrupulous users to send data from their

own forms to your application. Client-side validation can sometimes be performed where deemed

appropriate and feasible to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.

21. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?

o Response.Redirect: This tells the browser that the requested page can be found at a
new location. The browser then initiates another request to the new page loading its contents in

the browser. This results in two requests by the browser.

o Server.Transfer: It transfers execution from the first page to the second page on the
server. As far as the browser client is concerned, it made one request and the initial page is the

one responding with content. The benefit of this approach is one less round trip to the server

from the client browser. Also, any posted form variables and query string parameters are

available to the second page as well.

What is an interface and what is an abstract class?

In an interface, all methods must be abstract (must not be defined). In an abstract class, some methods can

be defined. In an interface, no accessibility modifiers are allowed, whereas it is allowed in abstract classes.

Can two different programming languages be mixed in a single ASPX file?

ASP.NET’s built-in parsers are used to remove code from ASPX files and create temporary files. Each parser

understands only one language. Therefore mixing of languages in a single ASPX file is not possible.

Is it possible to see the code that ASP.NET generates from an ASPX file?

By enabling debugging using a <%@ Page Debug="true" %> directive in the ASPX file or

a<compilation debug="true"> statement in Web.config, the generated code can be viewed. The code

is stored in a CS or VB file (usually in the\%SystemRoot%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v1.0.nnnn\Temporary

ASP.NET Files).
Can a custom .NET data type be used in a Web form?

This can be achieved by placing the DLL containing the custom data type in the application

root's bin directory and ASP.NET will automatically load the DLL when the type is referenced.

List the event handlers that can be included in Global.asax?

• Application start and end event handlers

• Session start and end event handlers

• Per-request event handlers

• Non-deterministic event handlers

What namespaces are imported by default in ASPX files?

The following namespaces are imported by default. Other namespaces must be imported manually using @

Import directives.

• System

• System.Collections

• System.Collections.Specialized

• System.Configuration

• System.Text

• System.Text.RegularExpressions

• System.Web

• System.Web.Caching

• System.Web.Security

• System.Web.SessionState
 • System.Web.UI

• System.Web.UI.HtmlControls

• System.Web.UI.WebControls

What classes are needed to send e-mail from an ASP.NET application?

The classes MailMessage and SmtpMail have to be used to send email from an ASP.NET

application. MailMessage and SmtpMail are classes defined in the .NET Framework Class

Library's System.Web.Mail namespace.

Why do some web service classes derive from System.Web.WebServices while others do not?

Those Web Service classes which employ objects like Application, Session, Context,Server,

and User have to derive from System.Web.WebServices. If it does not use these objects, it is not

necessary to be derived from it.

How can files be uploaded to Web pages in ASP.NET?

This can be done by using the HtmlInputFile class to declare an instance of an <input type="file"

runat="server"/> tag. Then, a byte[] can be declared to read in the data from the input file. This can
then be sent to the server.

How do I create an ASPX page that periodically refreshes itself?

The following META tag can be used as a trigger to automatically refresh the page every n seconds:

<meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="nn">

Is it possible to generate the source code for an ASP.NET Web service from a WSDL?

The Wsdl.exe tool (.NET Framework SDK) can be used to generate source code for an ASP.NET web service

with its WSDL link.

Example: wsdl /server http://api.google.com/GoogleSearch.wsdl.

Why do uploads fail while using an ASP.NET file upload control to upload large files?

ASP.NET limits the size of file uploads for security purposes. The default size is 4 MB. This can be changed
by modifying the maxRequestLength attribute of Machine.config's<httpRuntime> element.

Describe the difference between inline and code behind.

Inline code is written along side the HTML in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and

referenced by the .aspx page.

Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?

Valid answers are:

• A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations,

and views.

• A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.

• Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.

• There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.

• DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.

• You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single

operation.

• Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different

data sources.

What data types do the RangeValidator control support?

Integer, String, and Date.

Differences Between XML and HTML?

Anyone with a fundamental grasp of XML should be able describe some of the main differences outlined in

the table below

XML
User definable tags
Content driven
End tags required for well formed documents
Quotes required around attributes values
Slash required in empty tags
HTML
Defined set of tags designed for web display
Format driven
End tags not required
Quotes not required
Slash not required

What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET?

.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy

classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.

Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the
trade-offs?

Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.

What’s Singleton activation mode?

A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is

determined by lifetime lease.